Exam 12: The Major Minerals and Water

If Janet perspires heavily for several hours and drinks only plain water, it is possible that she could lose enough sodium via sweat to reduce her blood concentration of this mineral and develop _______________.

What percentage of bone loss in women has been reported to occur each year after menopause?

What does the recent research show about the benefits of consuming high amounts of low-fat dairy products?

Use the following case study to answer questions These questions require comprehension of various sections of the chapter to answer, but are placed together here to keep them together with the Case Study: Yun Jung is a 56-year-old postmenopausal fashion designer from Korea. She is visiting the U.S. for the first time and is having a bit of a challenge adjusting to the food available. She admits she is not very active but does try to eat healthy. She has always been thin and is currently 5’ tall and weighs 95 lbs. Her diet typically consists mostly of rice, lots of vegetables (except she doesn’t like spinach or greens), soy, a little fish, and lots of tea. She is not lactose intolerant. On a sight-seeing trip, she twisted her left ankle and fell. She was taken to the emergency room and was shocked to find that she had fractured her left fibula. The x-ray confirmed type 1 osteoporosis. -To help Yun Jung reach her goal to reduce her risk of developing osteoporosis, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and accompanying MyPlate food guidance system recommend that she consume how much milk or the equivalent in dairy products per day?

Several scientific studies has shown evidence that coffee reduces the risk of:

How is bone health measured?

Low-salt foods must have:

How are minerals classified?

Sodium is the abundant cation in the extracellular fluids and potassium (K) is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluids.

Hyponatremia stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete _____, which in turn causes the _____ to reabsorb sodium.

Use the following case study to answer questions These questions require comprehension of various sections of the chapter to answer, but are placed together here to keep them together with the Case Study: Yun Jung is a 56-year-old postmenopausal fashion designer from Korea. She is visiting the U.S. for the first time and is having a bit of a challenge adjusting to the food available. She admits she is not very active but does try to eat healthy. She has always been thin and is currently 5’ tall and weighs 95 lbs. Her diet typically consists mostly of rice, lots of vegetables (except she doesn’t like spinach or greens), soy, a little fish, and lots of tea. She is not lactose intolerant. On a sight-seeing trip, she twisted her left ankle and fell. She was taken to the emergency room and was shocked to find that she had fractured her left fibula. The x-ray confirmed type 1 osteoporosis. -What lifestyle factors could Yun Jung have modified to reduce her risk of developing osteoporosis?

Jan is trying to increase her water intake to meet recommended guidelines. She currently consumes 2 (24 oz. each) bottles of water per day, and 2 cups (8 oz. each) of low-fat milk. Assuming that she will obtain 15% of her fluid needs from foods, how many cups of water does she still need to drink?

Parathyroid hormone stimulates the breakdown of bone and resorption of its calcium onto the blood.

When the actions of the osteoblasts exceed those of the osteoclasts, what is occurring?

People with cystic fibrosis have significant respiratory difficulties and may have profound digestive complications because a genetic defect results in the inability to pump which ions across cell membranes?

The greatest amount of bone mineral that a person has during his or her life is the person’s _______________.

What are the bone-forming cells that are responsible for depositing the minerals and proteins needed for bone maintenance, growth, and repair called?

What tissues do both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D act on to increase calcium reabsorption?

Blood levels of a nutrient will rise if absorption _____ or reabsorption _____.

Cell membranes are semipermeable, which means that _____ can passively move across the membrane.