Exam 12: The Major Minerals and Water

Use the following case study to answer questions These questions require comprehension of various sections of the chapter to answer, but are placed together here to keep them together with the Case Study: Yun Jung is a 56-year-old postmenopausal fashion designer from Korea. She is visiting the U.S. for the first time and is having a bit of a challenge adjusting to the food available. She admits she is not very active but does try to eat healthy. She has always been thin and is currently 5’ tall and weighs 95 lbs. Her diet typically consists mostly of rice, lots of vegetables (except she doesn’t like spinach or greens), soy, a little fish, and lots of tea. She is not lactose intolerant. On a sight-seeing trip, she twisted her left ankle and fell. She was taken to the emergency room and was shocked to find that she had fractured her left fibula. The x-ray confirmed type 1 osteoporosis. -What in Yun Jung’s diet should she be careful to avoid consuming at the same time that she is consuming foods rich in calcium?

Which organs regulate, either individually or collectively, the amount of each major mineral in the body?

Osteoporosis can result in a curvature of the upper spine called _______________.

Kaleb is working on a construction crew in Tucson, Arizona for the summer. While he is happy to have work, he can’t seem to get enough to drink. He brings a gallon jug of water with him to work every day and finishes it by noon. How much more water should Kaleb bring with him to the construction site?

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urine production and output?

Magnesium deficiency has been investigated to determine whether it increases the risk for cardiovascular disease and predisposes people to type 2 diabetes. To date, how convincing is the evidence from clinical trials?

What is hypokalemia, and how does it occur?

What is the term that refers to the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract?

All people with hypertension benefi form a low-salt diet.

John, a senior in high school, routinely consumes 4-5 soft drinks daily and almost no dairy products. What is he at increased risk for developing?

All of the following are associated with high calcium intakes except:

What do medications and lifestyle changes do for a patient with osteoporosis?

What is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluids?

Children are likely to develop rickets if their diet provides insufficient quantities of which nutrients?

What dose weight-bearing exercise do?

Why, if 99% of the calcium in the body is in bones and teeth, are there such elaborate mechanisms to regulate the 1% of calcium that is in the blood?

What is the major function of the cortical bone?

Breakdown of bone is facilitated by:

What level of sodium intake should be the maximum for the general population?

Spinach contains a highly bioavailable source of calcium.