Question 1

Compaction is a very important part of the lithification process for which of the following sediments?

Accepted Answer

A)  cobble 
B)  gravel 
C)  mud 
D)  sand 
A)  cobble 
B)  gravel 
C)  mud 
D)  sand

Question 2

What material would be best suited to preserve original organic tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  muds and silts 
B)  amber, permafrost, or tar 
C)  breccias and conglomerates 
D)  sands 
A)  muds and silts 
B)  amber, permafrost, or tar 
C)  breccias and conglomerates 
D)  sands

Question 3

Consider the small delicate Early Cenozoic ancestors of the modern horse. Which part of these animals was most commonly preserved as fossils?

Accepted Answer

A)  teeth 
B)  vertebrae 
C)  hair 
D)  skull 
A)  teeth 
B)  vertebrae 
C)  hair 
D)  skull

Question 4

Which of the following sedimentary rocks would you expect to have originally been deposited by fast- moving streams?

Accepted Answer

A)  oolitic limestone 
B)  conglomerate 
C)  mudstone 
D)  wacke 
A)  oolitic limestone 
B)  conglomerate 
C)  mudstone 
D)  wacke

Question 5

Which of the following is a microcrystalline form of silica?

Accepted Answer

A)  chert 
B)  dolostone 
C)  oolitic breccia 
D)  chalk 
A)  chert 
B)  dolostone 
C)  oolitic breccia 
D)  chalk

Question 6

What does the degree of rounding indicate in a sediment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the velocity of transport 
B)  where the minerals originally came from 
C)  the distance travelled or duration of time involved in sediment transport 
D)  whether the sediment was deposited in a stream or the ocean 
A)  the velocity of transport 
B)  where the minerals originally came from 
C)  the distance travelled or duration of time involved in sediment transport 
D)  whether the sediment was deposited in a stream or the ocean

Question 7

What are the most common cementing agents in sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  clays and bitumen 
B)  Ca(OH)2 
C)  calcite, silica, and iron oxides 
D)  CaO 
A)  clays and bitumen 
B)  Ca(OH)2 
C)  calcite, silica, and iron oxides 
D)  CaO

Question 8

Fossilization by_________ preserves the most delicate structures by selectively substituting the original living matter with a mineral substance, one molecule at a time. This accounts for: sponges made of calcite, foraminifera made of pyrite, or coprolites made of apatite.

Accepted Answer

A)  putrification 
B)  petrification 
C)  carbonization 
D)  replacement 
A)  putrification 
B)  petrification 
C)  carbonization 
D)  replacement

Question 9

Which of the following is not a common cementing agent for sandstones?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcite 
B)  fluorite 
C)  iron oxides 
D)  quartz 
A)  calcite 
B)  fluorite 
C)  iron oxides 
D)  quartz

Question 10

A fossil shell is filled with mud. The shell dissolves, leaving an impression of its inside surface on the shell- filling lump of mudstone. What type of fossil is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  an external cast 
B)  an original hard part 
C)  a carbonized impressionist film 
D)  an internal mould 
A)  an external cast 
B)  an original hard part 
C)  a carbonized impressionist film 
D)  an internal mould

Question 11

Which of the following describes the correct order for relative solubility of minerals in sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evaporate minerals, quartz, and calcite all have the same relative solubility. 
B)  Evaporate minerals are more soluble than calcite and quartz. 
C)  Evaporate minerals are more soluble than quartz and less soluble than calcite. 
D)  Evaporate minerals are less soluble than quartz and calcite. 
A)  Evaporate minerals, quartz, and calcite all have the same relative solubility. 
B)  Evaporate minerals are more soluble than calcite and quartz. 
C)  Evaporate minerals are more soluble than quartz and less soluble than calcite. 
D)  Evaporate minerals are less soluble than quartz and calcite.

Question 12

Which limestone consists mainly of tiny, marine fossils composed of calcite?

Accepted Answer

A)  dolostone 
B)  coquina 
C)  chalk 
D)  chert 
A)  dolostone 
B)  coquina 
C)  chalk 
D)  chert

Question 13

What are the chemical, physical and biologic changes called, that happen to sediments as they transform into sedimentary rocks ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the chemical, physical and biologic...

Question 14

Which characteristic is absolutely necessary for a sedimentary rock to have potential as a possible reservoir rock for oil or gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  clastic texture 
B)  good stratification 
C)  chemical origin 
D)  high porosity 
A)  clastic texture 
B)  good stratification 
C)  chemical origin 
D)  high porosity

Question 15

What kind of rock are most dripstones and stalactites in caves?

Accepted Answer

A)  limestone 
B)  opal 
C)  gypsum 
D)  chert 
A)  limestone 
B)  opal 
C)  gypsum 
D)  chert

Question 16

What is the main difference between a conglomerate and a sedimentary breccia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breccia clasts are angular; conglomerate clasts are rounded. 
B)  A breccia is well stratified; a conglomerate is poorly stratified. 
C)  Breccia has a compacted, clay- rich matrix; conglomerate has no matrix. 
D)  Breccia clasts are the size of baseballs; conglomerate clasts are larger. 
A)  Breccia clasts are angular; conglomerate clasts are rounded. 
B)  A breccia is well stratified; a conglomerate is poorly stratified. 
C)  Breccia has a compacted, clay- rich matrix; conglomerate has no matrix. 
D)  Breccia clasts are the size of baseballs; conglomerate clasts are larger.

Question 17

What is amber?

Accepted Answer

A)  lignite coal 
B)  insect coprolites 
C)  the fossilized remnant of evergreen tree resins 
D)  petrified wood 
A)  lignite coal 
B)  insect coprolites 
C)  the fossilized remnant of evergreen tree resins 
D)  petrified wood

Question 18

Where do carbonate reefs form?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the arctic 
B)  where rivers drain tropical rain forest and bury lots of clastic sediment and biomass 
C)  from hot springs deposits in the deep sea 
D)  in the tropics between - 30° and +30° Latitude 
A)  in the arctic 
B)  where rivers drain tropical rain forest and bury lots of clastic sediment and biomass 
C)  from hot springs deposits in the deep sea 
D)  in the tropics between - 30° and +30° Latitude

Question 19

Which three elements are further concentrated in a residual brine after NaCl is crystallized?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium and sulfur 
B)  potassium and magnesium 
C)  calcium and titanium 
D)  iron and chlorine 
A)  calcium and sulfur 
B)  potassium and magnesium 
C)  calcium and titanium 
D)  iron and chlorine

Question 20

Which of the following is a form of calcium carbonate found in cave formations and hot springs deposits?

Accepted Answer

A)  travertine 
B)  lignite 
C)  gypsum 
D)  chert 
A)  travertine 
B)  lignite 
C)  gypsum 
D)  chert

Compaction is a very important part of the lithification process for which of the following sediments?

What material would be best suited to preserve original organic tissues?

Consider the small delicate Early Cenozoic ancestors of the modern horse. Which part of these animals was most commonly preserved as fossils?

Which of the following sedimentary rocks would you expect to have originally been deposited by fast- moving streams?

Which of the following is a microcrystalline form of silica?

What does the degree of rounding indicate in a sediment?

What are the most common cementing agents in sedimentary rocks?

Fossilization by_________ preserves the most delicate structures by selectively substituting the original living matter with a mineral substance, one molecule at a time. This accounts for: sponges made of calcite, foraminifera made of pyrite, or coprolites made of apatite.

Which of the following is not a common cementing agent for sandstones?

A fossil shell is filled with mud. The shell dissolves, leaving an impression of its inside surface on the shell- filling lump of mudstone. What type of fossil is this?

Which of the following describes the correct order for relative solubility of minerals in sedimentary rocks?

Which limestone consists mainly of tiny, marine fossils composed of calcite?

What are the chemical, physical and biologic changes called, that happen to sediments as they transform into sedimentary rocks ?

Which characteristic is absolutely necessary for a sedimentary rock to have potential as a possible reservoir rock for oil or gas?

What kind of rock are most dripstones and stalactites in caves?

What is the main difference between a conglomerate and a sedimentary breccia?

What is amber?

Where do carbonate reefs form?

Which three elements are further concentrated in a residual brine after NaCl is crystallized?

Which of the following is a form of calcium carbonate found in cave formations and hot springs deposits?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

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Exam 17: Glaciers and Glaciation

Compaction is a very important part of the lithification process for which of the following sediments?

What material would be best suited to preserve original organic tissues?

Consider the small delicate Early Cenozoic ancestors of the modern horse. Which part of these animals was most commonly preserved as fossils?

Which of the following sedimentary rocks would you expect to have originally been deposited by fast- moving streams?

Which of the following is a microcrystalline form of silica?

What does the degree of rounding indicate in a sediment?

What are the most common cementing agents in sedimentary rocks?

Fossilization by_________ preserves the most delicate structures by selectively substituting the original living matter with a mineral substance, one molecule at a time. This accounts for: sponges made of calcite, foraminifera made of pyrite, or coprolites made of apatite.

Which of the following is not a common cementing agent for sandstones?

A fossil shell is filled with mud. The shell dissolves, leaving an impression of its inside surface on the shell- filling lump of mudstone. What type of fossil is this?

Which of the following describes the correct order for relative solubility of minerals in sedimentary rocks?

Which limestone consists mainly of tiny, marine fossils composed of calcite?

What are the chemical, physical and biologic changes called, that happen to sediments as they transform into sedimentary rocks ?

Which characteristic is absolutely necessary for a sedimentary rock to have potential as a possible reservoir rock for oil or gas?

What kind of rock are most dripstones and stalactites in caves?

What is the main difference between a conglomerate and a sedimentary breccia?

What is amber?

Where do carbonate reefs form?

Which three elements are further concentrated in a residual brine after NaCl is crystallized?

Which of the following is a form of calcium carbonate found in cave formations and hot springs deposits?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters