Question 1

How much of Earths land surface is currently covered by glacial ice?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  10% 
C)  45% 
D)  <1% 
A)  25% 
B)  10% 
C)  45% 
D)  <1% B

Question 2

The ________is not the name of a Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nebraskan 
B)  Kansan 
C)  Manitoban 
D)  Illinoian 
A)  Nebraskan 
B)  Kansan 
C)  Manitoban 
D)  Illinoian C

Question 3

________is one of the three ways a glacier can move over its bed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Basal slip 
B)  Frost heaving 
C)  Morainal sliding 
D)  Crevassal slip 
A)  Basal slip 
B)  Frost heaving 
C)  Morainal sliding 
D)  Crevassal slip A

Question 4

An ice carved, asymmetrical bedrock knob with the steep side downhill is called a__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  drumlin 
B)  nunatak 
C)  kame 
D)  roche moutonnée 
A)  drumlin 
B)  nunatak 
C)  kame 
D)  roche moutonnée

Question 5

Which one of the following could not have significantly affected climatic variations, and advances and retreats of ice sheets, during the Pleistocene Epoch?

Accepted Answer

A)  gradual movements of Earth's tectonic plates 
B)  cyclic precession of Earth's orbit 
C)  episodic variations in the Sun's energy output 
D)  periodic wobbling of Earth's rotational axis 
A)  gradual movements of Earth's tectonic plates 
B)  cyclic precession of Earth's orbit 
C)  episodic variations in the Sun's energy output 
D)  periodic wobbling of Earth's rotational axis

Question 6

The_______ of the geologic time scale occurs within the time of Earth's most recent "Ice Age."

Accepted Answer

A)  Proterozoic Eon 
B)  Pleistocene Epoch 
C)  Pliocene Epoch 
D)  Permian Period 
A)  Proterozoic Eon 
B)  Pleistocene Epoch 
C)  Pliocene Epoch 
D)  Permian Period

Question 7

When glaciers suddenly move forward they are said to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  calve 
B)  purge 
C)  lunge 
D)  surge 
A)  calve 
B)  purge 
C)  lunge 
D)  surge

Question 8

What does it mean when the terminus of a glacier has been stationary for several years?

Accepted Answer

A)  The glacier is still frozen but has quit moving. 
B)  The local glacial budget is in equilibrium. 
C)  The glacier is storing up energy preparing to surge forward. 
D)  Global warming has ceased. 
A)  The glacier is still frozen but has quit moving. 
B)  The local glacial budget is in equilibrium. 
C)  The glacier is storing up energy preparing to surge forward. 
D)  Global warming has ceased.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements concerning glacial deposits is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Till is deposited directly from the ice; outwash is deposited by meltwater streams. 
B)  Tills are poorly sorted and their fragments are mostly angular. 
C)  Glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move. 
D)  Outwash is mainly stratified sand and gravel. 
A)  Till is deposited directly from the ice; outwash is deposited by meltwater streams. 
B)  Tills are poorly sorted and their fragments are mostly angular. 
C)  Glacial erratics are blocks of rock that are too large for the glacier to move. 
D)  Outwash is mainly stratified sand and gravel.

Question 10

A cirque is made of__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  sand and gravel 
B)  mud 
C)  till 
D)  rock 
A)  sand and gravel 
B)  mud 
C)  till 
D)  rock

Question 11

Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its terminus downslope) over a span of many years?

Accepted Answer

A)  wastage exceeds accumulation 
B)  the glacier experiences no accumulation or wastage 
C)  accumulation and wastage are about equal; the older ice moves farther 
D)  accumulation exceeds wastage 
A)  wastage exceeds accumulation 
B)  the glacier experiences no accumulation or wastage 
C)  accumulation and wastage are about equal; the older ice moves farther 
D)  accumulation exceeds wastage

Question 12

The main direct geologic effect(s) of glaciers is (are) to___________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  erode the continental landscape and to transport and deposit sediments 
B)  raise global sea level by depressing the crust 
C)  reduce high latitude marine sedimentation by reducing biologic productivity 
D)  warm the global climate by absorbing more solar radiation 
A)  erode the continental landscape and to transport and deposit sediments 
B)  raise global sea level by depressing the crust 
C)  reduce high latitude marine sedimentation by reducing biologic productivity 
D)  warm the global climate by absorbing more solar radiation

Question 13

An ice contact deposit is classified by its_________.

Accepted Answer

A)  grain size 
B)  internal stratification 
C)  age 
D)  shape 
A)  grain size 
B)  internal stratification 
C)  age 
D)  shape

Question 14

Which one of the following prominent features were significantly larger than at present day during the Pleistocene glacial episodes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Great Lakes and Lake Agassiz 
B)  terminal moraines of continental ice sheets that moved south from Canada 
C)  horns, arêtes, and cirques produced by alpine glaciation 
D)  subaerial fan deltas covering more extensive coastal plains 
A)  the Great Lakes and Lake Agassiz 
B)  terminal moraines of continental ice sheets that moved south from Canada 
C)  horns, arêtes, and cirques produced by alpine glaciation 
D)  subaerial fan deltas covering more extensive coastal plains

Question 15

__________are both deposited by meltwater streams.

Accepted Answer

A)  Terminal moraines and cirques 
B)  Recessional kettles and erratics 
C)  Outwash plains and valley trains 
D)  Valley moraines and ice sheet trains 
A)  Terminal moraines and cirques 
B)  Recessional kettles and erratics 
C)  Outwash plains and valley trains 
D)  Valley moraines and ice sheet trains

Question 16

What was the most far reaching effect of the Ice Age on the world's oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was too cold for phytoplankton to live in the seas. 
B)  Global sea levels dropped about 100 metres. 
C)  The seas got about - 7° C cooler on average over the whole planet. 
D)  The seas got much less saline because of all the melting icebergs. 
A)  It was too cold for phytoplankton to live in the seas. 
B)  Global sea levels dropped about 100 metres. 
C)  The seas got about - 7° C cooler on average over the whole planet. 
D)  The seas got much less saline because of all the melting icebergs.

Question 17

Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?

Accepted Answer

A)  salinization 
B)  kaming 
C)  calving 
D)  surging 
A)  salinization 
B)  kaming 
C)  calving 
D)  surging

Question 18

_________is a gently rolling sheet of till with an irregular surface deposited under the weight of a glacier.

Accepted Answer

A)  Terminal moraine 
B)  Kame sheet 
C)  Outwash blanket 
D)  Ground moraine 
A)  Terminal moraine 
B)  Kame sheet 
C)  Outwash blanket 
D)  Ground moraine

Question 19

The bottom or downward tip of a crevasse marks the _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  boundary between parts of the glacier moving by basal sliding and crevassal slip 
B)  boundary between the basal sliding and external flowage zones 
C)  top of the internal deformation and flowage zone, and the base of the brittle zone of fracture 
D)  bottom of the basal sliding zone 
A)  boundary between parts of the glacier moving by basal sliding and crevassal slip 
B)  boundary between the basal sliding and external flowage zones 
C)  top of the internal deformation and flowage zone, and the base of the brittle zone of fracture 
D)  bottom of the basal sliding zone

Question 20

Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?

Accepted Answer

A)  the snout zone 
B)  the basal, sliding zone 
C)  the surface, brittle zone 
D)  the internal, flowage zone 
A)  the snout zone 
B)  the basal, sliding zone 
C)  the surface, brittle zone 
D)  the internal, flowage zone

How much of Earths land surface is currently covered by glacial ice?

The ________is not the name of a Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.

________is one of the three ways a glacier can move over its bed.

An ice carved, asymmetrical bedrock knob with the steep side downhill is called a__________ .

Which one of the following could not have significantly affected climatic variations, and advances and retreats of ice sheets, during the Pleistocene Epoch?

The_______ of the geologic time scale occurs within the time of Earth's most recent "Ice Age."

When glaciers suddenly move forward they are said to _______.

What does it mean when the terminus of a glacier has been stationary for several years?

Which one of the following statements concerning glacial deposits is false?

A cirque is made of__________ .

Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its terminus downslope) over a span of many years?

The main direct geologic effect(s) of glaciers is (are) to___________ .

An ice contact deposit is classified by its_________.

Which one of the following prominent features were significantly larger than at present day during the Pleistocene glacial episodes?

__________are both deposited by meltwater streams.

What was the most far reaching effect of the Ice Age on the world's oceans?

Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?

_________is a gently rolling sheet of till with an irregular surface deposited under the weight of a glacier.

The bottom or downward tip of a crevasse marks the _________.

Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 9: Crustal Deformation

How much of Earths land surface is currently covered by glacial ice?

The ________is not the name of a Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.

________is one of the three ways a glacier can move over its bed.

An ice carved, asymmetrical bedrock knob with the steep side downhill is called a__________ .

Which one of the following could not have significantly affected climatic variations, and advances and retreats of ice sheets, during the Pleistocene Epoch?

The_______ of the geologic time scale occurs within the time of Earth's most recent "Ice Age."

When glaciers suddenly move forward they are said to _______.

What does it mean when the terminus of a glacier has been stationary for several years?

Which one of the following statements concerning glacial deposits is false?

A cirque is made of__________ .

Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that lengthens (extends its terminus downslope) over a span of many years?

The main direct geologic effect(s) of glaciers is (are) to___________ .

An ice contact deposit is classified by its_________.

Which one of the following prominent features were significantly larger than at present day during the Pleistocene glacial episodes?

__________are both deposited by meltwater streams.

What was the most far reaching effect of the Ice Age on the world's oceans?

Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea?

_________is a gently rolling sheet of till with an irregular surface deposited under the weight of a glacier.

The bottom or downward tip of a crevasse marks the _________.

Abrasion and plucking generally involve what part of a glacier?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters