Question 1

As an inactive mountain belt ages, what happens to the adjacent crustal areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  They uplift along with the mountains. 
B)  They subside in response to the added load of sediments eroded off of the mountains. 
C)  They are subducted. 
D)  They slide into the sea along transform faults. 
A)  They uplift along with the mountains. 
B)  They subside in response to the added load of sediments eroded off of the mountains. 
C)  They are subducted. 
D)  They slide into the sea along transform faults. B

Question 2

Rift valleys with mafic volcanics are ____________ margins.

Accepted Answer

A)  ocean- ocean 
B)  continent- ocean 
C)  extensional 
D)  continent- continent 
A)  ocean- ocean 
B)  continent- ocean 
C)  extensional 
D)  continent- continent C

Question 3

When a subduction zone is established under the edge of a continent, this gives rise to an accretionary wedge, a volcanic arc, and compressional features farther inland that is called_______margin

Accepted Answer

A)  a passive 
B)  an Andean 
C)  an Aleutian 
D)  a Himalayan 
A)  a passive 
B)  an Andean 
C)  an Aleutian 
D)  a Himalayan B

Question 4

The___________ have crust about twice as thick as normal.

Accepted Answer

A)  Himalayan Range and Tibetan Plateau in northern India and southwestern China 
B)  Coast Ranges of British Columbia 
C)  Basin and Range Province in Arizona and Nevada 
D)  Appalachians of eastern Canada 
A)  Himalayan Range and Tibetan Plateau in northern India and southwestern China 
B)  Coast Ranges of British Columbia 
C)  Basin and Range Province in Arizona and Nevada 
D)  Appalachians of eastern Canada

Question 5

Which would the Andean- type margin not have more of, in comparison to an Aleutian- type margin?

Accepted Answer

A)  subaqueous mafic pyroclastics close to the volcanoes 
B)  felsic pyroclastics 
C)  deformed high pressure/low temperature accretionary wedge rocks 
D)  complicated crustal compressional structures 
A)  subaqueous mafic pyroclastics close to the volcanoes 
B)  felsic pyroclastics 
C)  deformed high pressure/low temperature accretionary wedge rocks 
D)  complicated crustal compressional structures

Question 6

What did the earliest continental crust resemble?

Accepted Answer

A)  foreland and intracratonic basins with mature quartz- rich sandstones 
B)  giant protocontinents of silica- rich magmas formed from the early differentiation of Earth into crust, mantle, and core 
C)  basaltic rift zones like East Africa 
D)  andesitic island arcs like the Aleutians 
A)  foreland and intracratonic basins with mature quartz- rich sandstones 
B)  giant protocontinents of silica- rich magmas formed from the early differentiation of Earth into crust, mantle, and core 
C)  basaltic rift zones like East Africa 
D)  andesitic island arcs like the Aleutians

Question 7

The concept of ___________includes the idea that crustal rocks are floating in a kind of gravitational balance and that their elevation depends on their density contrast to the underlying upper mantle.

Accepted Answer

A)  isostasy 
B)  subsidency 
C)  isotropy 
D)  orogeny 
A)  isostasy 
B)  subsidency 
C)  isotropy 
D)  orogeny

Question 8

Mountainous relief is due to the rotation and sinking of lithospheric blocks in a _________tectonic setting.

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent continent- ocean 
B)  extensional 
C)  convergent continent- ocean. 
D)  convergent ocean- ocean. 
A)  convergent continent- ocean 
B)  extensional 
C)  convergent continent- ocean. 
D)  convergent ocean- ocean.

Question 9

What kind of crust was the Avalon Terrane prior to its accretion to the Appalachians in the Acadian Orogeny in the Silurian and Devonian?

Accepted Answer

A)  supracrustal Iapetus seafloor sediments and Gondwanaland passive margin succession 
B)  ophiolite- Iapetus Ocean crustal sequence 
C)  island arc sequence 
D)  microcontinental fragment rifted off Rodinia or Gondwanaland 
A)  supracrustal Iapetus seafloor sediments and Gondwanaland passive margin succession 
B)  ophiolite- Iapetus Ocean crustal sequence 
C)  island arc sequence 
D)  microcontinental fragment rifted off Rodinia or Gondwanaland

Question 10

Topographically high- standing, mountainous areas generally __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are underlain by greater than average thicknesses of lower density, crustal rocks 
B)  subside rapidly to compensate for erosion 
C)  experience rapid erosion that thins the crust and causes the area to subside 
D)  have thicker, higher- density mantle rocks beneath them at shallow depths 
A)  are underlain by greater than average thicknesses of lower density, crustal rocks 
B)  subside rapidly to compensate for erosion 
C)  experience rapid erosion that thins the crust and causes the area to subside 
D)  have thicker, higher- density mantle rocks beneath them at shallow depths

Question 11

How were the Ural Mountains (Russia) formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  An active fold and thrust belt is forming as Asia and Europe continue to converge and buckle the crust along an old tectonic suture zone. 
B)  Kilometres of marine strata, originally deposited in a basin between the former Asian and European plates, were squeezed, folded, and uplifted as the two collided and joined to form the Eurasian plate. 
C)  Normal faulting from a modern continental rift is elevating large mountain blocks above the level of the vast plains on both sides of the range and giving rise to a volcanic mountain chain. 
D)  A large dome of Archean igneous and metamorphic rocks rose up as the Eurasian plate became situated over a mantle plume. 
A)  An active fold and thrust belt is forming as Asia and Europe continue to converge and buckle the crust along an old tectonic suture zone. 
B)  Kilometres of marine strata, originally deposited in a basin between the former Asian and European plates, were squeezed, folded, and uplifted as the two collided and joined to form the Eurasian plate. 
C)  Normal faulting from a modern continental rift is elevating large mountain blocks above the level of the vast plains on both sides of the range and giving rise to a volcanic mountain chain. 
D)  A large dome of Archean igneous and metamorphic rocks rose up as the Eurasian plate became situated over a mantle plume.

Question 12

Thick blocks of crust carried toward a subduction zone________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  can get sliced off the descending slab and transferred to the accretionary continental margin as an accreted terrane 
B)  get eroded, contributing a greater than usual volume of sediments to the trench at that point 
C)  get uplifted to become an island on the oceanward side of the trench 
D)  cause the subduction zone to stop or reverse and begin subducting the other way 
A)  can get sliced off the descending slab and transferred to the accretionary continental margin as an accreted terrane 
B)  get eroded, contributing a greater than usual volume of sediments to the trench at that point 
C)  get uplifted to become an island on the oceanward side of the trench 
D)  cause the subduction zone to stop or reverse and begin subducting the other way

Question 13

Southern Africa has been has been slowly rising for_______ million years above a super plume.

Accepted Answer

A)  1500 
B)  100 
C)  400 
D)  1000 
A)  1500 
B)  100 
C)  400 
D)  1000

Question 14

What happens as the crust isostatically rises during or following a mountain building episode?

Accepted Answer

A)  The deformed strata experience regional uplift. 
B)  The mantle flows out of the way to compensate for the rising crust. 
C)  The root continues to grow to compensate for the increasing elevation. 
D)  Folding and thrusting continue, to accommodate the increased uplift. 
A)  The deformed strata experience regional uplift. 
B)  The mantle flows out of the way to compensate for the rising crust. 
C)  The root continues to grow to compensate for the increasing elevation. 
D)  Folding and thrusting continue, to accommodate the increased uplift.

Question 15

What is similar about the tectonic cause for the Western Canada Foreland Basin and the Appalachian Foreland Basin?

Accepted Answer

Both were caused by crustal th

Question 16

The rock sequences and mountainous topography of the northern portion of the Appalachian Mountains__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  is made up of extinct composite cone volcanoes and massive intrusions formed above a Late Precambrian subduction zone 
B)  were barged across the Atlantic by homesick Scottish immigrants during the Highland Clearances 
C)  was made up mainly of Late Proterozoic, passive margin sedimentary strata that weren't deformed until the break up of Pangaea in the Late Carboniferous 
D)  consist of up to six different accretionary sequences, plastered onto the eastern margin of North America during the closing of the Iapetus Ocean over several stages of tectonic convergence between the Cambrian and Carboniferous 
A)  is made up of extinct composite cone volcanoes and massive intrusions formed above a Late Precambrian subduction zone 
B)  were barged across the Atlantic by homesick Scottish immigrants during the Highland Clearances 
C)  was made up mainly of Late Proterozoic, passive margin sedimentary strata that weren't deformed until the break up of Pangaea in the Late Carboniferous 
D)  consist of up to six different accretionary sequences, plastered onto the eastern margin of North America during the closing of the Iapetus Ocean over several stages of tectonic convergence between the Cambrian and Carboniferous

Question 17

What unique geologic event happened to the Canadian and American prairies during the Cretaceous?

Accepted Answer

foreland basin subsi

Question 18

A___________ is a ridge of steeply inclined, resistant strata exposed along the edges of an uplifted block of older rock.

Accepted Answer

A)  shellback 
B)  hoodoo 
C)  monotreme 
D)  hogback 
A)  shellback 
B)  hoodoo 
C)  monotreme 
D)  hogback

Question 19

Despite the repetitive nature of Wilson cycles, give three reasons or variables that make each mountain belt unique.

Accepted Answer

crustal thickness- strength- heat conten

Question 20

The oldest rocks are about ______and found in _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.6 b.y.; compressional mountain belts on continental margins 
B)  3 b.y.; continental shield areas, deep within continents 
C)  < 5000 years; Ireland and Israel 
D)  1.7- 1.9 b.y.; island arcs within the western Pacific 
A)  1.6 b.y.; compressional mountain belts on continental margins 
B)  3 b.y.; continental shield areas, deep within continents 
C)  < 5000 years; Ireland and Israel 
D)  1.7- 1.9 b.y.; island arcs within the western Pacific

As an inactive mountain belt ages, what happens to the adjacent crustal areas?

Rift valleys with mafic volcanics are ____________ margins.

When a subduction zone is established under the edge of a continent, this gives rise to an accretionary wedge, a volcanic arc, and compressional features farther inland that is called_______margin

The___________ have crust about twice as thick as normal.

Which would the Andean- type margin not have more of, in comparison to an Aleutian- type margin?

What did the earliest continental crust resemble?

The concept of ___________includes the idea that crustal rocks are floating in a kind of gravitational balance and that their elevation depends on their density contrast to the underlying upper mantle.

Mountainous relief is due to the rotation and sinking of lithospheric blocks in a _________tectonic setting.

What kind of crust was the Avalon Terrane prior to its accretion to the Appalachians in the Acadian Orogeny in the Silurian and Devonian?

Topographically high- standing, mountainous areas generally __________.

How were the Ural Mountains (Russia) formed?

Thick blocks of crust carried toward a subduction zone________ .

Southern Africa has been has been slowly rising for_______ million years above a super plume.

What happens as the crust isostatically rises during or following a mountain building episode?

What is similar about the tectonic cause for the Western Canada Foreland Basin and the Appalachian Foreland Basin?

The rock sequences and mountainous topography of the northern portion of the Appalachian Mountains__________ .

What unique geologic event happened to the Canadian and American prairies during the Cretaceous?

A___________ is a ridge of steeply inclined, resistant strata exposed along the edges of an uplifted block of older rock.

Despite the repetitive nature of Wilson cycles, give three reasons or variables that make each mountain belt unique.

The oldest rocks are about and found in ___.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 4: Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

As an inactive mountain belt ages, what happens to the adjacent crustal areas?

Rift valleys with mafic volcanics are ____________ margins.

When a subduction zone is established under the edge of a continent, this gives rise to an accretionary wedge, a volcanic arc, and compressional features farther inland that is called_______margin

The___________ have crust about twice as thick as normal.

Which would the Andean- type margin not have more of, in comparison to an Aleutian- type margin?

What did the earliest continental crust resemble?

The concept of ___________includes the idea that crustal rocks are floating in a kind of gravitational balance and that their elevation depends on their density contrast to the underlying upper mantle.

Mountainous relief is due to the rotation and sinking of lithospheric blocks in a _________tectonic setting.

What kind of crust was the Avalon Terrane prior to its accretion to the Appalachians in the Acadian Orogeny in the Silurian and Devonian?

Topographically high- standing, mountainous areas generally __________.

How were the Ural Mountains (Russia) formed?

Thick blocks of crust carried toward a subduction zone________ .

Southern Africa has been has been slowly rising for_______ million years above a super plume.

What happens as the crust isostatically rises during or following a mountain building episode?

What is similar about the tectonic cause for the Western Canada Foreland Basin and the Appalachian Foreland Basin?

The rock sequences and mountainous topography of the northern portion of the Appalachian Mountains__________ .

What unique geologic event happened to the Canadian and American prairies during the Cretaceous?

A___________ is a ridge of steeply inclined, resistant strata exposed along the edges of an uplifted block of older rock.

Despite the repetitive nature of Wilson cycles, give three reasons or variables that make each mountain belt unique.

The oldest rocks are about ______and found in _________.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

The oldest rocks are about and found in ___.