Question 1

In general, which of the following statements about elevated, compressive orogens is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crust was thickened by previous mountain building; as isostatic uplift and erosion proceed, the crust is gradually reduced in thickness. 
B)  Crust is sucked into the mantle by increased convection under mountain belts. 
C)  Crust was thinned by extensional faulting in the past; isostatic uplift and erosion cause the crustal root to gradually thicken. 
D)  Crust is flattened by increased atmospheric pressure over mountain belts. 
A)  Crust was thickened by previous mountain building; as isostatic uplift and erosion proceed, the crust is gradually reduced in thickness. 
B)  Crust is sucked into the mantle by increased convection under mountain belts. 
C)  Crust was thinned by extensional faulting in the past; isostatic uplift and erosion cause the crustal root to gradually thicken. 
D)  Crust is flattened by increased atmospheric pressure over mountain belts.

Question 2

The Humber Zone (Valley and Ridge Province in USA) of the Appalachian Mountains is characterized by ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  crustal stretching as Africa and Eurasia migrated away from North America 
B)  composite cone volcanoes above a volcanic arc 
C)  deeply eroded, late Paleozoic, fault- block mountains and valleys 
D)  sedimentary strata folded in late Paleozoic time 
A)  crustal stretching as Africa and Eurasia migrated away from North America 
B)  composite cone volcanoes above a volcanic arc 
C)  deeply eroded, late Paleozoic, fault- block mountains and valleys 
D)  sedimentary strata folded in late Paleozoic time

Question 3

Well defined linear mountain ridges with southwesterly- dipping slopes, steep upturned bounding thrusts and intervening linear strike valleys are found in this part of the Rockies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Western Ranges 
B)  Main Ranges 
C)  Front Ranges 
D)  Foothills 
A)  Western Ranges 
B)  Main Ranges 
C)  Front Ranges 
D)  Foothills

Question 4

What is the evidence that the interior of North America experienced major subsidence during the Cretaceous?

Accepted Answer

A)  Petrified walrus tusks were discovered under Calgary. 
B)  Ophiolite sequences are found in the Canadian prairies. 
C)  Failed mid- ocean rifts occur in southern Alberta. 
D)  Sea water invaded much of the continent in which marine sedimentary rocks formed. 
A)  Petrified walrus tusks were discovered under Calgary. 
B)  Ophiolite sequences are found in the Canadian prairies. 
C)  Failed mid- ocean rifts occur in southern Alberta. 
D)  Sea water invaded much of the continent in which marine sedimentary rocks formed.

Question 5

Accretionary wedges are formed________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  at the base of a passive continental margin 
B)  at the edge of the overriding plate against a subduction zone 
C)  on the oceanic plate side of a transform fault 
D)  around submarine volcanoes fed by long- lived hot spots in the mantle 
A)  at the base of a passive continental margin 
B)  at the edge of the overriding plate against a subduction zone 
C)  on the oceanic plate side of a transform fault 
D)  around submarine volcanoes fed by long- lived hot spots in the mantle

Question 6

What ocean basin was destroyed and finally had its last sliver obducted to make the ophiolite between the Humber Zone and the Gander Terrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fundy 
B)  Arctic 
C)  Iapetus 
D)  Atlantic 
A)  Fundy 
B)  Arctic 
C)  Iapetus 
D)  Atlantic

Question 7

The world's highest mountain belts result from _________convergent plate margins.

Accepted Answer

A)  ocean- ocean 
B)  accretionary 
C)  continent- continent 
D)  transform 
A)  ocean- ocean 
B)  accretionary 
C)  continent- continent 
D)  transform

Question 8

An exotic terrane created by a seamount accreted to a continental margin would be composed__________

Accepted Answer

A)  exclusively of granite batholiths and rhyolite welded tuffs 
B)  mainly of organic-rich, black shales and beach-type sandstones 
C)  mainly of basaltic lava flows and minor, coralline limestone 
D)  of folded, quartz sandstone and shallow water, marine limestone 
A)  exclusively of granite batholiths and rhyolite welded tuffs 
B)  mainly of organic-rich, black shales and beach-type sandstones 
C)  mainly of basaltic lava flows and minor, coralline limestone 
D)  of folded, quartz sandstone and shallow water, marine limestone

Question 9

Intensely folded, thinly bedded, Paleozoic shales and carbonates cause this part of the Canadian Rockies to appear the most jagged and rough due to the easily- eroded shale interbeds.

Accepted Answer

A)  Front Ranges 
B)  Foothills 
C)  Western Ranges 
D)  Main Ranges 
A)  Front Ranges 
B)  Foothills 
C)  Western Ranges 
D)  Main Ranges

Question 10

Volcanism along a continental arc is dominated by the eruption of_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  rhyolitic pyroclastic materials and lavas 
B)  andesitic lavas and pyroclastic materials 
C)  basaltic lava flows 
D)  ophiolites 
A)  rhyolitic pyroclastic materials and lavas 
B)  andesitic lavas and pyroclastic materials 
C)  basaltic lava flows 
D)  ophiolites

Question 11

What observation or interpretation concerning the Himalayas did not ultimately lead to our current understanding about the structure of mountains belts?

Accepted Answer

A)  George Airy's hypothesis that lighter, thicker mountain roots displace denser mantle rocks 
B)  J. H. Pratt's estimate that, for a flat lower crustal boundary (Moho), the mountains should have deflected the plumb bob 3 times as much as was actually observed 
C)  Sir George Everest's topographic triangulation survey that placed two towns 150 metres too close together because of the deflection of the vertical "plumb line" by the mass of the mountains 
D)  The original GPS survey by Nicola Tesla that showed the convergence of India against the Tibetan Plateau was less than expected for seafloor spreading rates. 
A)  George Airy's hypothesis that lighter, thicker mountain roots displace denser mantle rocks 
B)  J. H. Pratt's estimate that, for a flat lower crustal boundary (Moho), the mountains should have deflected the plumb bob 3 times as much as was actually observed 
C)  Sir George Everest's topographic triangulation survey that placed two towns 150 metres too close together because of the deflection of the vertical "plumb line" by the mass of the mountains 
D)  The original GPS survey by Nicola Tesla that showed the convergence of India against the Tibetan Plateau was less than expected for seafloor spreading rates.

Question 12

Under what terrane would you look to find the original rift zone tensional faults from the Proterozoic break up of Rodinia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humber Zone (Valley and Ridge Province in US
A)  of folded, sedimentary rocks on the eastern edge of the Appalachians 
B)  Avalonia block (Acadian phase) 
C)  Meguma Zone 
D)  Dunnage Zone (Taconic phase) 
A)  Humber Zone (Valley and Ridge Province in US
A)  of folded, sedimentary rocks on the eastern edge of the Appalachians 
B)  Avalonia block (Acadian phase) 
C)  Meguma Zone 
D)  Dunnage Zone (Taconic phase)

Question 13

Mountain belts formed from folded marine sediments by continent- continent collision, include__________

Accepted Answer

A)  NE edge of Indian Ocean 
B)  Appalachians and Caledonians 
C)  East African rift 
D)  European Alps 
A)  NE edge of Indian Ocean 
B)  Appalachians and Caledonians 
C)  East African rift 
D)  European Alps

Question 14

Compared to normal continental crust in the middle of a stable craton, the crust under mountain belts can be _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  about five times as thick at more than 160 km 
B)  about twice as thick at more than 70 km 
C)  about three times as thick at more than 100 km 
D)  about half as thick at less than 18 km 
A)  about five times as thick at more than 160 km 
B)  about twice as thick at more than 70 km 
C)  about three times as thick at more than 100 km 
D)  about half as thick at less than 18 km

Question 15

A(n)____________ is a zone where two continents collide, often preserving slivers of oceanic lithosphere between the colliding plates.

Accepted Answer

A)  passive margin 
B)  ophiolite 
C)  terrane 
D)  suture 
A)  passive margin 
B)  ophiolite 
C)  terrane 
D)  suture

Question 16

Rugged elevations are due to crustal extension, related to underlying mantle heat or convective upwelling, in the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  European Alps 
B)  NE edge of Indian Ocean 
C)  East African rift 
D)  Appalachians and Caledonians 
A)  European Alps 
B)  NE edge of Indian Ocean 
C)  East African rift 
D)  Appalachians and Caledonians

Question 17

Most of mainland Alaska, over half of B.C. and the Yukon, and most of Washington, Oregon, Nevada and California are_____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  the geologic equivalents of cratonic stratigraphy found all across North America, but these have been intensively deformed by episodes of convergent margin mountain building in Mesozoic and Cenozoic time 
B)  an Andean style arc complex, of intermediate and felsic plutonics and volcanics, that formed in Cenozoic time by subduction of Pacific plates beneath North America 
C)  accreted terranes transported to the north from more equatorial regions, including: Paleozoic through Mesozoic seafloor, island arcs, submarine deposits, and displaced continental fragments 
D)  tectonically deformed and strongly metamorphosed Early Precambrian accretionary wedge deposits from the earliest, west coast, active margin 
A)  the geologic equivalents of cratonic stratigraphy found all across North America, but these have been intensively deformed by episodes of convergent margin mountain building in Mesozoic and Cenozoic time 
B)  an Andean style arc complex, of intermediate and felsic plutonics and volcanics, that formed in Cenozoic time by subduction of Pacific plates beneath North America 
C)  accreted terranes transported to the north from more equatorial regions, including: Paleozoic through Mesozoic seafloor, island arcs, submarine deposits, and displaced continental fragments 
D)  tectonically deformed and strongly metamorphosed Early Precambrian accretionary wedge deposits from the earliest, west coast, active margin

Question 18

The __________is the global tectonic cycle that rifts supercontinents, developes extensive passive margins, opens ocean basins, closes ocean basins, creates new island arc or Andean crustal orogens, and finally builds new collisional mountain belts as the ocean completely closes to make a new supercontinent.

Accepted Answer

A)  Wilson Cycle 
B)  Seafloor Shake Up 
C)  Wegnerian Break Up 
D)  Convective Conga 
A)  Wilson Cycle 
B)  Seafloor Shake Up 
C)  Wegnerian Break Up 
D)  Convective Conga

Question 19

A(n) ________convergent plate margin is associated with an accretionary wedge.

Accepted Answer

A)  Aleutian 
B)  Andean 
C)  collisional 
D)  accretionary 
A)  Aleutian 
B)  Andean 
C)  collisional 
D)  accretionary

Question 20

Which statement comes closest to describing the isostatic compensation under convergent continental mountain belts?

Accepted Answer

A)  The extra elevation of mountains is maintained by active elastic compression supplied by earthquake cycles and crustal convergence. 
B)  The extra elevation of mountains is maintained almost entirely by rising mantle plumes. 
C)  The extra elevation of mountains, like that of icebergs above the sea, is held up by the weight of the denser material that their lower portions displace. 
D)  The extra elevation of mountains is accounted for by the missing mass from adjacent eroded valleys and flanking lowland areas. 
A)  The extra elevation of mountains is maintained by active elastic compression supplied by earthquake cycles and crustal convergence. 
B)  The extra elevation of mountains is maintained almost entirely by rising mantle plumes. 
C)  The extra elevation of mountains, like that of icebergs above the sea, is held up by the weight of the denser material that their lower portions displace. 
D)  The extra elevation of mountains is accounted for by the missing mass from adjacent eroded valleys and flanking lowland areas.

In general, which of the following statements about elevated, compressive orogens is true?

The Humber Zone (Valley and Ridge Province in USA) of the Appalachian Mountains is characterized by ____________.

Well defined linear mountain ridges with southwesterly- dipping slopes, steep upturned bounding thrusts and intervening linear strike valleys are found in this part of the Rockies.

What is the evidence that the interior of North America experienced major subsidence during the Cretaceous?

Accretionary wedges are formed________ .

What ocean basin was destroyed and finally had its last sliver obducted to make the ophiolite between the Humber Zone and the Gander Terrane?

The world's highest mountain belts result from _________convergent plate margins.

An exotic terrane created by a seamount accreted to a continental margin would be composed__________

Intensely folded, thinly bedded, Paleozoic shales and carbonates cause this part of the Canadian Rockies to appear the most jagged and rough due to the easily- eroded shale interbeds.

Volcanism along a continental arc is dominated by the eruption of_________ .

What observation or interpretation concerning the Himalayas did not ultimately lead to our current understanding about the structure of mountains belts?

Under what terrane would you look to find the original rift zone tensional faults from the Proterozoic break up of Rodinia?

Mountain belts formed from folded marine sediments by continent- continent collision, include__________

Compared to normal continental crust in the middle of a stable craton, the crust under mountain belts can be _________.

A(n)____________ is a zone where two continents collide, often preserving slivers of oceanic lithosphere between the colliding plates.

Rugged elevations are due to crustal extension, related to underlying mantle heat or convective upwelling, in the ___________.

Most of mainland Alaska, over half of B.C. and the Yukon, and most of Washington, Oregon, Nevada and California are_____________ .

A(n) ________convergent plate margin is associated with an accretionary wedge.

Which statement comes closest to describing the isostatic compensation under convergent continental mountain belts?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 4: Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

In general, which of the following statements about elevated, compressive orogens is true?

The Humber Zone (Valley and Ridge Province in USA) of the Appalachian Mountains is characterized by ____________.

Well defined linear mountain ridges with southwesterly- dipping slopes, steep upturned bounding thrusts and intervening linear strike valleys are found in this part of the Rockies.

What is the evidence that the interior of North America experienced major subsidence during the Cretaceous?

Accretionary wedges are formed________ .

What ocean basin was destroyed and finally had its last sliver obducted to make the ophiolite between the Humber Zone and the Gander Terrane?

The world's highest mountain belts result from _________convergent plate margins.

An exotic terrane created by a seamount accreted to a continental margin would be composed__________

Intensely folded, thinly bedded, Paleozoic shales and carbonates cause this part of the Canadian Rockies to appear the most jagged and rough due to the easily- eroded shale interbeds.

Volcanism along a continental arc is dominated by the eruption of_________ .

What observation or interpretation concerning the Himalayas did not ultimately lead to our current understanding about the structure of mountains belts?

Under what terrane would you look to find the original rift zone tensional faults from the Proterozoic break up of Rodinia?

Mountain belts formed from folded marine sediments by continent- continent collision, include__________

Compared to normal continental crust in the middle of a stable craton, the crust under mountain belts can be _________.

A(n)____________ is a zone where two continents collide, often preserving slivers of oceanic lithosphere between the colliding plates.

Rugged elevations are due to crustal extension, related to underlying mantle heat or convective upwelling, in the ___________.

Most of mainland Alaska, over half of B.C. and the Yukon, and most of Washington, Oregon, Nevada and California are_____________ .

A(n) ________convergent plate margin is associated with an accretionary wedge.

Which statement comes closest to describing the isostatic compensation under convergent continental mountain belts?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters