Question 1

What are the two fundamentally different types of fossils and give an example of each?

Accepted Answer

body fossils of life forms like teeth, shells, seeds or bones; and trace fossils which are records of behaviour or imprints like nests, footprints, tail or trail marks, and burrows

Question 2

Diagenesis occurs at temperatures below______ in the outer few kilometres of Earth's crust.

Accepted Answer

A)  10° 
B)  200° 
C)  100° 
D)  50° 
A)  10° 
B)  200° 
C)  100° 
D)  50° B

Question 3

What physical and chemical processes transform lignite to bituminous coal?

Accepted Answer

A)  coking in industrial ovens without oxygen 
B)  mining it then drying it in the sun 
C)  weathering and further transport 
D)  heating to crack off water and volatile gases and pressure for compaction 
A)  coking in industrial ovens without oxygen 
B)  mining it then drying it in the sun 
C)  weathering and further transport 
D)  heating to crack off water and volatile gases and pressure for compaction D

Question 4

___________is a form of calcium carbonate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chert 
B)  Gypsum 
C)  Lignite 
D)  Travertine 
A)  Chert 
B)  Gypsum 
C)  Lignite 
D)  Travertine

Question 5

What clues about their environments of deposition do all sandstones have?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluid type (oil or water) 
B)  particle composition, shape, and sorting 
C)  cement types 
D)  fossils and bedding planes 
A)  fluid type (oil or water) 
B)  particle composition, shape, and sorting 
C)  cement types 
D)  fossils and bedding planes

Question 6

What percentage of the Earth's crust is composed of sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  75% 
C)  5% 
D)  15% 
A)  25% 
B)  75% 
C)  5% 
D)  15%

Question 7

What kind of depositional environment (facies) makes linear sand bodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  deltas 
B)  bars, spits, and barrier islands 
C)  lagoons 
D)  atolls 
A)  deltas 
B)  bars, spits, and barrier islands 
C)  lagoons 
D)  atolls

Question 8

Detrital sedimentary rocks are mainly classified (named) on what basis?

Accepted Answer

A)  grain sizes of the detrital particles 
B)  degree of compaction and lithification 
C)  colours of the cementing minerals 
D)  compositions of soluble minerals 
A)  grain sizes of the detrital particles 
B)  degree of compaction and lithification 
C)  colours of the cementing minerals 
D)  compositions of soluble minerals

Question 9

Jasper, Flint and Agate are all _______, more commonly called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  microcrystalline silica, chert 
B)  microcrystalline calcium carbonate, chalk 
C)  small towns in Alberta, Hicksville 
D)  fine- grained detrital silica, quartz 
A)  microcrystalline silica, chert 
B)  microcrystalline calcium carbonate, chalk 
C)  small towns in Alberta, Hicksville 
D)  fine- grained detrital silica, quartz

Question 10

Which of the following sedimentary rocks is usually biochemical in origin?

Accepted Answer

A)  wacke 
B)  limestone 
C)  bedded salt 
D)  sandstone 
A)  wacke 
B)  limestone 
C)  bedded salt 
D)  sandstone

Question 11

A sedimentary deposit of angular rock fragments larger than "pea sized" would be called__________

Accepted Answer

The answer of A sedimentary deposit of angular rock fragments...

Question 12

An irregular pile of laminated sandy beds which are lens shaped in two directions and have low angle cross stratifications are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  graded beds and indicates deep water turbidity currents off the continental slope 
B)  current ripple marks and indicate uniform tidal currents 
C)  hummocky cross stratification and indicates a deposit formed by storm enhanced waves or currents 
D)  oscillation ripple marks from gentle wave action in a shallow near shore environment 
A)  graded beds and indicates deep water turbidity currents off the continental slope 
B)  current ripple marks and indicate uniform tidal currents 
C)  hummocky cross stratification and indicates a deposit formed by storm enhanced waves or currents 
D)  oscillation ripple marks from gentle wave action in a shallow near shore environment

Question 13

Detrital grains of which mineral(s) are extremely rare in detrital sediments? Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  feldspars; they occur only in granites 
B)  calcite; it is soft and relatively soluble 
C)  clays; they are rare in soils and regolith 
D)  quartz; it is very hard and insoluble 
A)  feldspars; they occur only in granites 
B)  calcite; it is soft and relatively soluble 
C)  clays; they are rare in soils and regolith 
D)  quartz; it is very hard and insoluble

Question 14

Which minerals or sedimentary rocks are not likely to occur in association with bedded rock salt?

Accepted Answer

A)  limestone and gypsum 
B)  gypsum and dolomite 
C)  sylvite and halite 
D)  conglomerate and wacke 
A)  limestone and gypsum 
B)  gypsum and dolomite 
C)  sylvite and halite 
D)  conglomerate and wacke

Question 15

Most chemical sediments derive from_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulations of organic matter 
B)  industrial waste from multi- national corporations 
C)  detrital minerals that are a single, pure, inorganic compound 
D)  the soluble products of weathering, carried in solution to a warm, evaporating basin 
A)  accumulations of organic matter 
B)  industrial waste from multi- national corporations 
C)  detrital minerals that are a single, pure, inorganic compound 
D)  the soluble products of weathering, carried in solution to a warm, evaporating basin

Question 16

The geologist's technical term for a fossilized piece of excrement is a_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  marbled meadow- muffin 
B)  burrow cast 
C)  coprolite 
D)  gastrolith 
A)  marbled meadow- muffin 
B)  burrow cast 
C)  coprolite 
D)  gastrolith

Question 17

Which major component of detrital sedimentary rocks only rarely occurs as a primary mineral in igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  clays 
B)  quartz 
C)  ferromagnesian minerals 
D)  carbonates 
A)  clays 
B)  quartz 
C)  ferromagnesian minerals 
D)  carbonates

Question 18

Which of the following applies to the basic constituents of halite, gypsum, and sylvite?

Accepted Answer

A)  transported as detrital mud; deposited by evaporation 
B)  transported and deposited as mud- sized particles 
C)  transported as dissolved ions; deposited as detrital mud 
D)  transported as dissolved ions; deposited by evaporation 
A)  transported as detrital mud; deposited by evaporation 
B)  transported and deposited as mud- sized particles 
C)  transported as dissolved ions; deposited as detrital mud 
D)  transported as dissolved ions; deposited by evaporation

Question 19

In what environment are deltas typically formed, and why are they formed there?

Accepted Answer

A)  around the middles of large lakes far from shore; there is no farther for the sediments to go 
B)  in submarine river systems because of the "delta" shape of the seafloor basins 
C)  transitional; decrease in slope (gradient) and sediment carrying power 
D)  in desert environments in the middles of continents far from the mountains; there is no water or wind left to carry sediment any farther 
A)  around the middles of large lakes far from shore; there is no farther for the sediments to go 
B)  in submarine river systems because of the "delta" shape of the seafloor basins 
C)  transitional; decrease in slope (gradient) and sediment carrying power 
D)  in desert environments in the middles of continents far from the mountains; there is no water or wind left to carry sediment any farther

Question 20

Sandstones are lithified mainly by cementation. What is the major process involved in the lithification of shales?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sandstones are lithified mainly by cementation. What...

What are the two fundamentally different types of fossils and give an example of each?

Diagenesis occurs at temperatures below______ in the outer few kilometres of Earth's crust.

What physical and chemical processes transform lignite to bituminous coal?

___________is a form of calcium carbonate.

What clues about their environments of deposition do all sandstones have?

What percentage of the Earth's crust is composed of sedimentary rocks?

What kind of depositional environment (facies) makes linear sand bodies?

Detrital sedimentary rocks are mainly classified (named) on what basis?

Jasper, Flint and Agate are all ___, more commonly called _.

Which of the following sedimentary rocks is usually biochemical in origin?

A sedimentary deposit of angular rock fragments larger than "pea sized" would be called__________

An irregular pile of laminated sandy beds which are lens shaped in two directions and have low angle cross stratifications are called __________.

Detrital grains of which mineral(s) are extremely rare in detrital sediments? Why?

Which minerals or sedimentary rocks are not likely to occur in association with bedded rock salt?

Most chemical sediments derive from_________ .

The geologist's technical term for a fossilized piece of excrement is a_________ .

Which major component of detrital sedimentary rocks only rarely occurs as a primary mineral in igneous rocks?

Which of the following applies to the basic constituents of halite, gypsum, and sylvite?

In what environment are deltas typically formed, and why are they formed there?

Sandstones are lithified mainly by cementation. What is the major process involved in the lithification of shales?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 17: Glaciers and Glaciation

What are the two fundamentally different types of fossils and give an example of each?

Diagenesis occurs at temperatures below______ in the outer few kilometres of Earth's crust.

What physical and chemical processes transform lignite to bituminous coal?

___________is a form of calcium carbonate.

What clues about their environments of deposition do all sandstones have?

What percentage of the Earth's crust is composed of sedimentary rocks?

What kind of depositional environment (facies) makes linear sand bodies?

Detrital sedimentary rocks are mainly classified (named) on what basis?

Jasper, Flint and Agate are all _______, more commonly called _____.

Which of the following sedimentary rocks is usually biochemical in origin?

A sedimentary deposit of angular rock fragments larger than "pea sized" would be called__________

An irregular pile of laminated sandy beds which are lens shaped in two directions and have low angle cross stratifications are called __________.

Detrital grains of which mineral(s) are extremely rare in detrital sediments? Why?

Which minerals or sedimentary rocks are not likely to occur in association with bedded rock salt?

Most chemical sediments derive from_________ .

The geologist's technical term for a fossilized piece of excrement is a_________ .

Which major component of detrital sedimentary rocks only rarely occurs as a primary mineral in igneous rocks?

Which of the following applies to the basic constituents of halite, gypsum, and sylvite?

In what environment are deltas typically formed, and why are they formed there?

Sandstones are lithified mainly by cementation. What is the major process involved in the lithification of shales?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Jasper, Flint and Agate are all ___, more commonly called _.