Question 1

Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antarctica 
B)  Siberian Russia 
C)  Iceland 
D)  Greenland 
A)  Antarctica 
B)  Siberian Russia 
C)  Iceland 
D)  Greenland

Question 2

Glaciers can deform internally to behave like a plastic material and flow because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there are layers of pure liquid water between the annual layers of ice 
B)  there are round rock particles within the ice that act like little ball bearings 
C)  the bonds between successive layers of ice are weaker than those within a single layer, allowing the glacier to slip like a stack of cards 
D)  there are layers of air between the layers of ice 
A)  there are layers of pure liquid water between the annual layers of ice 
B)  there are round rock particles within the ice that act like little ball bearings 
C)  the bonds between successive layers of ice are weaker than those within a single layer, allowing the glacier to slip like a stack of cards 
D)  there are layers of air between the layers of ice

Question 3

________developed and promoted the first comprehensive mathematical model that periodic variations in the geometry of Earth's orbit (eccentricity, obliquity, precession) were responsible for climatic oscillations of 1000 to 100,000 years.

Accepted Answer

A)  I. Venetz 
B)  P. Hoffman 
C)  M. Milankovitch 
D)  L. Agassiz 
A)  I. Venetz 
B)  P. Hoffman 
C)  M. Milankovitch 
D)  L. Agassiz

Question 4

Which phrase best describes what would likely happen during the retreat of a valley glacier?

Accepted Answer

A)  A line of stakes across the glacier would be gradually lowered to the valley floor directly beneath where they were originally placed. 
B)  A line of stakes would retreat slowly up valley as the ice withdraws to its source region. 
C)  A line of stakes across the glacier would continue to move down valley as the terminus of the glacier slowly retreated. 
D)  Who cares? The beer would get too warm! 
A)  A line of stakes across the glacier would be gradually lowered to the valley floor directly beneath where they were originally placed. 
B)  A line of stakes would retreat slowly up valley as the ice withdraws to its source region. 
C)  A line of stakes across the glacier would continue to move down valley as the terminus of the glacier slowly retreated. 
D)  Who cares? The beer would get too warm!

Question 5

Headward erosion by alpine glaciers on two sides of a mountain ridge can remove enough rock to intersect forming a pass called a____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  monument 
B)  col 
C)  tarn 
D)  cirque 
A)  monument 
B)  col 
C)  tarn 
D)  cirque

Question 6

As a glacier advances over a fractured bedrock surface, it loosens, lifts, and incorporates blocks of rock in a process called_________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  plucking 
B)  frost wedging 
C)  hydraulic lifting 
D)  striation 
A)  plucking 
B)  frost wedging 
C)  hydraulic lifting 
D)  striation

Question 7

All of the following landforms and geologic features are direct products of glacial erosion except for__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  kame terraces 
B)  striated bedrock 
C)  truncated spur 
D)  horn 
A)  kame terraces 
B)  striated bedrock 
C)  truncated spur 
D)  horn

Question 8

A __________forms when stagnant, glacial ice melts after being buried by till or outwash.

Accepted Answer

A)  kettle 
B)  drumlin 
C)  tarn 
D)  horn 
A)  kettle 
B)  drumlin 
C)  tarn 
D)  horn

Question 9

Drumlin fields contain____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  mounds of outwash deposited by meltwater streams at the snout of a glacier 
B)  smooth, striated, bedrock ridges shaped and polished by a glacier's erosive action 
C)  smooth, tapering, asymmetric ridges of till usually formed and shaped beneath a continental ice sheet 
D)  bowl- shaped depressions eroded largely by frost action and glacial plucking 
A)  mounds of outwash deposited by meltwater streams at the snout of a glacier 
B)  smooth, striated, bedrock ridges shaped and polished by a glacier's erosive action 
C)  smooth, tapering, asymmetric ridges of till usually formed and shaped beneath a continental ice sheet 
D)  bowl- shaped depressions eroded largely by frost action and glacial plucking

Question 10

Which of the following sediment types is not glacial drift?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pleistocene deep sea oozes 
B)  ground moraines of till 
C)  stratified outwash fans 
D)  laminated glacial lake muds with striated and polished dropstones 
A)  Pleistocene deep sea oozes 
B)  ground moraines of till 
C)  stratified outwash fans 
D)  laminated glacial lake muds with striated and polished dropstones

Question 11

Kame terraces were originally deposited__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  in meltwater channels perpendicular to a melting continental ice front 
B)  under water along a floating ice shelf 
C)  as a broad band behind the advancing ice front of a continental ice sheet 
D)  along the sides of a glacial valley 
A)  in meltwater channels perpendicular to a melting continental ice front 
B)  under water along a floating ice shelf 
C)  as a broad band behind the advancing ice front of a continental ice sheet 
D)  along the sides of a glacial valley

Question 12

The oldest extensive glacial deposits preserved in: Finland, North America, South Africa, and Western Australia occurred______ years ago, which_____ took for evidence of his _________hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  2.3 million; Mikhail Budyko; Big Chill 
B)  250 million; Alfred Wegener; Continental Drift 
C)  11,000; Lancelot du Lac; Big Tilt 
D)  2.3 billion; Paul Hoffman; Snowball Earth 
A)  2.3 million; Mikhail Budyko; Big Chill 
B)  250 million; Alfred Wegener; Continental Drift 
C)  11,000; Lancelot du Lac; Big Tilt 
D)  2.3 billion; Paul Hoffman; Snowball Earth

Question 13

Which one of the following is not normally a feature of glaciated, alpine terrains?

Accepted Answer

A)  drumlin 
B)  lateral moraine 
C)  horn 
D)  arête 
A)  drumlin 
B)  lateral moraine 
C)  horn 
D)  arête

Question 14

The focal point of a valley glacier's growth is a bowl shaped depression called a__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  cirque 
B)  nest 
C)  downer 
D)  kettle lake 
A)  cirque 
B)  nest 
C)  downer 
D)  kettle lake

Question 15

During the retreat of the last ice sheets, how long ago did modern sea level become established?

Accepted Answer

A)  20,000 years 
B)  11,000 years 
C)  17,000 years 
D)  6000 years 
A)  20,000 years 
B)  11,000 years 
C)  17,000 years 
D)  6000 years

Question 16

How long ago was the glacial maximum of the last Ice Age?

Accepted Answer

A)  2000 years 
B)  11,000 years 
C)  6000 years 
D)  20,000 years 
A)  2000 years 
B)  11,000 years 
C)  6000 years 
D)  20,000 years

Question 17

Approximately how much of an iceberg protrudes above waterline?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  0.1% 
C)  90% 
D)  3% 
A)  10% 
B)  0.1% 
C)  90% 
D)  3%

Question 18

Upon what evidence did Agassiz base his ice age theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  glacial landscapes in the Swiss Alps that extended far beyond existing ice fronts 
B)  astronomical calculations for cyclic variations in Earth's orbit 
C)  stacks of glacial drift with intervening "warm period" soil horizons 
D)  spectroscopic measurements for variations in the solar output 
A)  glacial landscapes in the Swiss Alps that extended far beyond existing ice fronts 
B)  astronomical calculations for cyclic variations in Earth's orbit 
C)  stacks of glacial drift with intervening "warm period" soil horizons 
D)  spectroscopic measurements for variations in the solar output

Question 19

Where is the equilibrium line on a glacier?

Accepted Answer

A)  beneath the terminal moraine 
B)  at about 150 m depth 
C)  where the zone of accumulation meets the zone of wastage 
D)  below the zone of wastage 
A)  beneath the terminal moraine 
B)  at about 150 m depth 
C)  where the zone of accumulation meets the zone of wastage 
D)  below the zone of wastage

Question 20

The big quartzite rock sitting on the prairie at Okotoks, Alberta, and similar, smaller blocks strung out over 600 km from their eroded bedrock source near Mt. Edith Cavell in Jasper National Park, make up __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an erratics train 
B)  Alberta's most profound political contribution 
C)  a glacial lineation 
D)  a lateral moraine 
A)  an erratics train 
B)  Alberta's most profound political contribution 
C)  a glacial lineation 
D)  a lateral moraine

Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?

Glaciers can deform internally to behave like a plastic material and flow because __________.

________developed and promoted the first comprehensive mathematical model that periodic variations in the geometry of Earth's orbit (eccentricity, obliquity, precession) were responsible for climatic oscillations of 1000 to 100,000 years.

Which phrase best describes what would likely happen during the retreat of a valley glacier?

Headward erosion by alpine glaciers on two sides of a mountain ridge can remove enough rock to intersect forming a pass called a____________ .

As a glacier advances over a fractured bedrock surface, it loosens, lifts, and incorporates blocks of rock in a process called_________ .

All of the following landforms and geologic features are direct products of glacial erosion except for__________ .

A __________forms when stagnant, glacial ice melts after being buried by till or outwash.

Drumlin fields contain____________ .

Which of the following sediment types is not glacial drift?

Kame terraces were originally deposited__________ .

The oldest extensive glacial deposits preserved in: Finland, North America, South Africa, and Western Australia occurred____ years ago, which_ took for evidence of his _______hypothesis.

Which one of the following is not normally a feature of glaciated, alpine terrains?

The focal point of a valley glacier's growth is a bowl shaped depression called a__________ .

During the retreat of the last ice sheets, how long ago did modern sea level become established?

How long ago was the glacial maximum of the last Ice Age?

Approximately how much of an iceberg protrudes above waterline?

Upon what evidence did Agassiz base his ice age theory?

Where is the equilibrium line on a glacier?

The big quartzite rock sitting on the prairie at Okotoks, Alberta, and similar, smaller blocks strung out over 600 km from their eroded bedrock source near Mt. Edith Cavell in Jasper National Park, make up __________.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 9: Crustal Deformation

Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?

Glaciers can deform internally to behave like a plastic material and flow because __________.

________developed and promoted the first comprehensive mathematical model that periodic variations in the geometry of Earth's orbit (eccentricity, obliquity, precession) were responsible for climatic oscillations of 1000 to 100,000 years.

Which phrase best describes what would likely happen during the retreat of a valley glacier?

Headward erosion by alpine glaciers on two sides of a mountain ridge can remove enough rock to intersect forming a pass called a____________ .

As a glacier advances over a fractured bedrock surface, it loosens, lifts, and incorporates blocks of rock in a process called_________ .

All of the following landforms and geologic features are direct products of glacial erosion except for__________ .

A __________forms when stagnant, glacial ice melts after being buried by till or outwash.

Drumlin fields contain____________ .

Which of the following sediment types is not glacial drift?

Kame terraces were originally deposited__________ .

The oldest extensive glacial deposits preserved in: Finland, North America, South Africa, and Western Australia occurred______ years ago, which_____ took for evidence of his _________hypothesis.

Which one of the following is not normally a feature of glaciated, alpine terrains?

The focal point of a valley glacier's growth is a bowl shaped depression called a__________ .

During the retreat of the last ice sheets, how long ago did modern sea level become established?

How long ago was the glacial maximum of the last Ice Age?

Approximately how much of an iceberg protrudes above waterline?

Upon what evidence did Agassiz base his ice age theory?

Where is the equilibrium line on a glacier?

The big quartzite rock sitting on the prairie at Okotoks, Alberta, and similar, smaller blocks strung out over 600 km from their eroded bedrock source near Mt. Edith Cavell in Jasper National Park, make up __________.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: the Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: the Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: the Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

The oldest extensive glacial deposits preserved in: Finland, North America, South Africa, and Western Australia occurred____ years ago, which_ took for evidence of his _______hypothesis.