Question 1

How are ketones formed?

Accepted Answer

A) Condensation of lactic acid molecules 
B) Condensation of acetyl CoA molecules 
C) Hydrolysis of excess glycerol fragments 
D) Hydrolysis of excess pyruvate fragments 
A) Condensation of lactic acid molecules 
B) Condensation of acetyl CoA molecules 
C) Hydrolysis of excess glycerol fragments 
D) Hydrolysis of excess pyruvate fragments

Question 2

What is the approximate percent efficiency of conversion of food energy to ATP energy in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 50 
C) 80 
D) 99 
A) 20 
B) 50 
C) 80 
D) 99

Question 3

Approximately what percentage of the body's energy expenditure is furnished by amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 to 5 
B) 10 to 15 
C) 25 to 35 
D) 50 to 65 
A) 1 to 5 
B) 10 to 15 
C) 25 to 35 
D) 50 to 65

Question 4

Approximately how many ATP molecules are synthesized from the complete oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) 9 
B) 27 
C) 98 
D) 129
Section 7.3 Energy Balance 
A) 9 
B) 27 
C) 98 
D) 129
Section 7.3 Energy Balance

Question 5

A feature of ketosis is that it

Accepted Answer

A) occurs from lack of protein in the diet. 
B) occurs when fats are partially oxidized. 
C) results from excess acetoacetate in the diet. 
D) results from excess carbohydrate in the diet. 
A) occurs from lack of protein in the diet. 
B) occurs when fats are partially oxidized. 
C) results from excess acetoacetate in the diet. 
D) results from excess carbohydrate in the diet.

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of the weight of triglycerides cannot be converted to glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) 70 
B) 80 
C) 90 
D) 95 
A) 70 
B) 80 
C) 90 
D) 95

Question 7

A typical cell contains "powerhouses," which is another name for the

Accepted Answer

A) DNA. 
B) ribosomes. 
C) mitochondria. 
D) electron transport chains. 
A) DNA. 
B) ribosomes. 
C) mitochondria. 
D) electron transport chains.

Question 8

The hydrolysis of ATP that often occurs simultaneously with the synthesis of many compounds is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) coupled reactions. 
B) tandem cleavages. 
C) metabolic couplings. 
D) high energy processes. 
A) coupled reactions. 
B) tandem cleavages. 
C) metabolic couplings. 
D) high energy processes.

Question 9

Adverse side effects of typical low-carbohydrate diets include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) fatigue. 
B) nausea. 
C) constipation. 
D) high blood pressure. 
A) fatigue. 
B) nausea. 
C) constipation. 
D) high blood pressure.

Question 10

Which of the following compounds cannot be formed from fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) Ketones 
B) Glucose 
C) Acetyl CoA 
D) Carbon dioxide 
A) Ketones 
B) Glucose 
C) Acetyl CoA 
D) Carbon dioxide

Question 11

Chronic excess alcohol intake leads to all of the following effects on folate except

Accepted Answer

A) the small intestine recycles more folate. 
B) the liver releases more folate into the blood. 
C) the kidneys excrete more folate via the urine. 
D) the small intestine absorbs less folate from the diet. 
A) the small intestine recycles more folate. 
B) the liver releases more folate into the blood. 
C) the kidneys excrete more folate via the urine. 
D) the small intestine absorbs less folate from the diet.

Question 12

A feature of catabolic reactions is that they

Accepted Answer

A) involve release of energy. 
B) occur only in mitochondria. 
C) involve consumption of energy. 
D) occur only during loss of body weight. 
A) involve release of energy. 
B) occur only in mitochondria. 
C) involve consumption of energy. 
D) occur only during loss of body weight.

Question 13

Which of the following is a feature of ethanol metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases gastric acid output 
B) It decreases activity of the MEOS 
C) It decreases secretion of gastric histamine 
D) It increases secretion of antidiuretic hormone 
A) It increases gastric acid output 
B) It decreases activity of the MEOS 
C) It decreases secretion of gastric histamine 
D) It increases secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Question 14

How many acetyl CoA molecules may be obtained from oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 9 
D) 18 
A) 3 
B) 6 
C) 9 
D) 18

Question 15

What is the minimum blood alcohol percentage that defines legal drunkenness in most states?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.10 
B) 0.20 
C) 0.30 
D) 0.40 
A) 0.10 
B) 0.20 
C) 0.30 
D) 0.40

Question 16

The amount of ethanol in a typical "drink" is

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 ounce. 
B) 1 ounce. 
C) 1.5 ounces. 
D) 2 ounces. 
A) 0.5 ounce. 
B) 1 ounce. 
C) 1.5 ounces. 
D) 2 ounces.

Question 17

In addition to energy, what are the principal end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A) Water and carbon dioxide 
B) Carbon, hydrogen, and urea 
C) Indigestible fiber and nitrogen 
D) Monosaccharides and amino acids 
A) Water and carbon dioxide 
B) Carbon, hydrogen, and urea 
C) Indigestible fiber and nitrogen 
D) Monosaccharides and amino acids

Question 18

Which of the following defines a moderate level of alcohol intake per day for the average-sized man?

Accepted Answer

A) Up to 1 drink 
B) Up to 2 drinks 
C) Up to 3 drinks 
D) Up to 5 drinks 
A) Up to 1 drink 
B) Up to 2 drinks 
C) Up to 3 drinks 
D) Up to 5 drinks

Question 19

Which of the following defines a coenzyme?

Accepted Answer

A) A unit consisting of an enzyme bound to reactants plus ATP 
B) An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme 
C) The small, active part of an enzyme that binds to the organic reactants 
D) An inactive enzyme that becomes functional upon contact with specific cofactors 
A) A unit consisting of an enzyme bound to reactants plus ATP 
B) An organic molecule required for the functioning of an enzyme 
C) The small, active part of an enzyme that binds to the organic reactants 
D) An inactive enzyme that becomes functional upon contact with specific cofactors

Question 20

All of the following are among the functions of the liver except

Accepted Answer

A) synthesis of urea. 
B) synthesis of glycogen. 
C) production of red blood cells. 
D) conversion of fructose to glucose. 
A) synthesis of urea. 
B) synthesis of glycogen. 
C) production of red blood cells. 
D) conversion of fructose to glucose.

Exam 7: Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

How are ketones formed?

What is the approximate percent efficiency of conversion of food energy to ATP energy in the body?

Approximately what percentage of the body's energy expenditure is furnished by amino acids?

Approximately how many ATP molecules are synthesized from the complete oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid?

A feature of ketosis is that it

Approximately what percentage of the weight of triglycerides cannot be converted to glucose?

A typical cell contains "powerhouses," which is another name for the

The hydrolysis of ATP that often occurs simultaneously with the synthesis of many compounds is an example of

Adverse side effects of typical low-carbohydrate diets include all of the following except

Which of the following compounds cannot be formed from fatty acids?

Chronic excess alcohol intake leads to all of the following effects on folate except

A feature of catabolic reactions is that they

Which of the following is a feature of ethanol metabolism?

How many acetyl CoA molecules may be obtained from oxidation of an 18-carbon fatty acid?

What is the minimum blood alcohol percentage that defines legal drunkenness in most states?

The amount of ethanol in a typical "drink" is

In addition to energy, what are the principal end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrates?

Which of the following defines a moderate level of alcohol intake per day for the average-sized man?

Which of the following defines a coenzyme?

All of the following are among the functions of the liver except

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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