Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?

Accepted Answer

A) They are destroyed by cigarette smoking 
B) They arise from normal metabolic reactions 
C) They typically stop chain reactions associated with the production of peroxides 
D) They are known to accumulate even in the presence of abundant antioxidant nutrients 
A) They are destroyed by cigarette smoking 
B) They arise from normal metabolic reactions 
C) They typically stop chain reactions associated with the production of peroxides 
D) They are known to accumulate even in the presence of abundant antioxidant nutrients

Question 2

In what tissue(s) must a molecule of vitamin D be chemically altered to yield a compound that is fully active?

Accepted Answer

A) Liver only 
B) Kidney only 
C) Liver and kidney 
D) Liver and intestines 
A) Liver only 
B) Kidney only 
C) Liver and kidney 
D) Liver and intestines

Question 3

Which of the following is not among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

A) Require bile for absorption 
B) Found in the fat and oily parts of foods 
C) Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue 
D) Pose a greater risk for developing a toxicity than water-soluble vitamins 
A) Require bile for absorption 
B) Found in the fat and oily parts of foods 
C) Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue 
D) Pose a greater risk for developing a toxicity than water-soluble vitamins

Question 4

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Tanning lamps and tanning booths do not stimulate vitamin D synthesis 
B) Sunscreens with sunburn protection factors of 2 and above prevent synthesis of vitamin D 
C) The ultraviolet rays of the sun are able to easily pierce heavy clouds and smog to promote vitamin D synthesis 
D) Dark-skinned people require longer sunlight exposure than light-skinned people to synthesize equivalent amounts of vitamin D 
A) Tanning lamps and tanning booths do not stimulate vitamin D synthesis 
B) Sunscreens with sunburn protection factors of 2 and above prevent synthesis of vitamin D 
C) The ultraviolet rays of the sun are able to easily pierce heavy clouds and smog to promote vitamin D synthesis 
D) Dark-skinned people require longer sunlight exposure than light-skinned people to synthesize equivalent amounts of vitamin D

Question 5

On average, one retinol activity equivalent is equal to about how many international units?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 8 
D) 10 
A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 8 
D) 10

Question 6

All of the following are characteristics of vitamin D nutrition except

Accepted Answer

A) deficient intake may lead to altered bone composition. 
B) excessive intake may lead to mineral deposits in the kidneys. 
C) fortified milk is the major dietary source in the U.S.population. 
D) the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun. 
A) deficient intake may lead to altered bone composition. 
B) excessive intake may lead to mineral deposits in the kidneys. 
C) fortified milk is the major dietary source in the U.S.population. 
D) the requirement is increased in most people who are exposed to the sun.

Question 7

Which of the following properties do vitamins D and K share?

Accepted Answer

A) Both are synthesized in the body 
B) Both are required for normal vision 
C) Neither has an effect on bone metabolism 
D) Neither has an effect on erythrocyte function 
A) Both are synthesized in the body 
B) Both are required for normal vision 
C) Neither has an effect on bone metabolism 
D) Neither has an effect on erythrocyte function

Question 8

In which of the following individuals would vitamin A toxicity be most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Adolescent women 
B) Overweight adults 
C) Those taking vitamin A supplements 
D) Those consuming more than 100 g of carrots daily 
A) Adolescent women 
B) Overweight adults 
C) Those taking vitamin A supplements 
D) Those consuming more than 100 g of carrots daily

Question 9

Which of the following describes an association of vitamin A and vision?

Accepted Answer

A) Retinoic acid is the form required for synthesis of retinoblasts 
B) Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration 
C) Retinol is the form bound to beta-carotene in the corneal membrane 
D) Pigment molecules in the retina are composed of a molecule of vitamin A bound to an omega-3 fatty acid 
A) Retinoic acid is the form required for synthesis of retinoblasts 
B) Light causes retinal to shift from a cis to a trans configuration 
C) Retinol is the form bound to beta-carotene in the corneal membrane 
D) Pigment molecules in the retina are composed of a molecule of vitamin A bound to an omega-3 fatty acid

Question 10

Approximately how many children worldwide have vitamin A deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) 5 million 
B) 25 million 
C) 250 million 
D) 500 million 
A) 5 million 
B) 25 million 
C) 250 million 
D) 500 million

Question 11

Which of the following is a feature of carotenoids in food?

Accepted Answer

A) Most carotenoids have vitamin A activity 
B) Bioavailability depends in part on the presence of preformed vitamin A 
C) Absorption from the GI tract is blunted by consuming a salad with fat-free dressing 
D) Bioavailability is highest for alpha-carotene but this form is present in least amounts in the diet 
A) Most carotenoids have vitamin A activity 
B) Bioavailability depends in part on the presence of preformed vitamin A 
C) Absorption from the GI tract is blunted by consuming a salad with fat-free dressing 
D) Bioavailability is highest for alpha-carotene but this form is present in least amounts in the diet

Question 12

What is the role of vitamin E in the metabolism of free radicals?

Accepted Answer

A) Carrier 
B) Promoter 
C) Eliminator 
D) Synthesizer 
A) Carrier 
B) Promoter 
C) Eliminator 
D) Synthesizer

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Accepted Answer

A) Most of them are synthesized by intestinal bacteria 
B) Intestinal transport occurs by way of the portal circulation 
C) Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet 
D) Toxicity risk is higher for vitamins E and K than for other fat-soluble vitamins 
A) Most of them are synthesized by intestinal bacteria 
B) Intestinal transport occurs by way of the portal circulation 
C) Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet 
D) Toxicity risk is higher for vitamins E and K than for other fat-soluble vitamins

Question 14

All of the following organs are required for the complete synthesis of activated vitamin D except the

Accepted Answer

A) skin. 
B) liver. 
C) kidney. 
D) intestines. 
A) skin. 
B) liver. 
C) kidney. 
D) intestines.

Question 15

What form of tocopherol shows vitamin E activity in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) Alpha 
B) Beta 
C) Gamma 
D) Delta 
A) Alpha 
B) Beta 
C) Gamma 
D) Delta

Question 16

What population group is at highest risk for osteomalacia?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants 
B) Elderly men 
C) Adult women 
D) Children ages 2-12 years 
A) Infants 
B) Elderly men 
C) Adult women 
D) Children ages 2-12 years

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin A in foods?

Accepted Answer

A) Fast foods are generally considered good sources of vitamin A 
B) A regular intake of chicken liver is known to induce toxicity in children 
C) Xanthophylls in certain vegetables can be converted to active vitamin A in the liver 
D) Chlorophyll in vegetables can be converted to active vitamin A in the intestinal cells 
A) Fast foods are generally considered good sources of vitamin A 
B) A regular intake of chicken liver is known to induce toxicity in children 
C) Xanthophylls in certain vegetables can be converted to active vitamin A in the liver 
D) Chlorophyll in vegetables can be converted to active vitamin A in the intestinal cells

Question 18

Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D?

Accepted Answer

A) Cholesterol 
B) Tryptophan 
C) Beta-carotene 
D) Eicosapentanoic acid 
A) Cholesterol 
B) Tryptophan 
C) Beta-carotene 
D) Eicosapentanoic acid

Question 19

The plant version of vitamin D is known as

Accepted Answer

A) ergocalciferol. 
B) foliocalciferol. 
C) cholecalciferol. 
D) phyllocalciferol. 
A) ergocalciferol. 
B) foliocalciferol. 
C) cholecalciferol. 
D) phyllocalciferol.

Question 20

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) peroxide. 
B) coenzyme. 
C) antioxidant. 
D) free radical. 
A) peroxide. 
B) coenzyme. 
C) antioxidant. 
D) free radical.

Exam 11: The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?

In what tissue(s) must a molecule of vitamin D be chemically altered to yield a compound that is fully active?

Which of the following is not among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Which of the following is a feature of vitamin D synthesis?

On average, one retinol activity equivalent is equal to about how many international units?

All of the following are characteristics of vitamin D nutrition except

Which of the following properties do vitamins D and K share?

In which of the following individuals would vitamin A toxicity be most likely to occur?

Which of the following describes an association of vitamin A and vision?

Approximately how many children worldwide have vitamin A deficiency?

Which of the following is a feature of carotenoids in food?

What is the role of vitamin E in the metabolism of free radicals?

Which of the following is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins?

All of the following organs are required for the complete synthesis of activated vitamin D except the

What form of tocopherol shows vitamin E activity in the human body?

What population group is at highest risk for osteomalacia?

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin A in foods?

Which of the following compounds serves as the major precursor for the body's synthesis of vitamin D?

The plant version of vitamin D is known as

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters