Question 1

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A) In hepatic encephalopathy, insufficient levels of sulfur compounds and short-chain fatty acids in brain cells are thought to disturb brain function. 
B) The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy can be reversed. 
C) Hepatic encephalopathy can lead to amnesia, seizures, and hepatic coma. 
D) One theory of the etiology of encephalopathy is that brain neurotransmitters are altered by increased ratios of aromatic to branched-chain amino acids in brain tissue. 
A) In hepatic encephalopathy, insufficient levels of sulfur compounds and short-chain fatty acids in brain cells are thought to disturb brain function. 
B) The symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy can be reversed. 
C) Hepatic encephalopathy can lead to amnesia, seizures, and hepatic coma. 
D) One theory of the etiology of encephalopathy is that brain neurotransmitters are altered by increased ratios of aromatic to branched-chain amino acids in brain tissue.

Question 2

The majority of gallstones are composed primarily of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cholesterol 
B) bile pigment 
C) chloride salts 
D) uric acid 
A) cholesterol 
B) bile pigment 
C) chloride salts 
D) uric acid

Question 3

Veronica Riley-O’Brien is a 30-year-old mother of two young boys (Tyler, 4 years old, and Ethan, 6 weeks old). Veronica is 5 feet, 4 inches tall and weighs 186 pounds. She is having difficulty sleeping due to pain in her abdomen and back. She calls her doctor this morning as the pain has intensified.
-Veronica is diagnosed with gallstones.All of the following are symptoms she may suffer from except:

Accepted Answer

A) nausea. 
B) bloating. 
C) headache. 
D) vomiting. 
A) nausea. 
B) bloating. 
C) headache. 
D) vomiting.

Question 4

Chronic cases of HBV or HCV can lead to

Accepted Answer

A) cirrhosis. 
B) liver cancer. 
C) HAV. 
D) a and b 
E) b and c 
A) cirrhosis. 
B) liver cancer. 
C) HAV. 
D) a and b 
E) b and c

Question 5

Energy needs for a person with liver disease:

Accepted Answer

A) are increased. 
B) are decreased 
C) remain the same. 
D) none of the above 
A) are increased. 
B) are decreased 
C) remain the same. 
D) none of the above

Question 6

Veronica Riley-O’Brien is a 30-year-old mother of two young boys (Tyler, 4 years old, and Ethan, 6 weeks old). Veronica is 5 feet, 4 inches tall and weighs 186 pounds. She is having difficulty sleeping due to pain in her abdomen and back. She calls her doctor this morning as the pain has intensified.
-Veronica's gallstone risk was high during her recent pregnancy due to hormonal changes that affect the secretion of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cholesterol into bile 
B) cholesterol into estrogen 
C) cholesterol into progesterone 
D) cholesterol into bilirubin 
A) cholesterol into bile 
B) cholesterol into estrogen 
C) cholesterol into progesterone 
D) cholesterol into bilirubin

Question 7

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Patients with hepatic encephalopathy should avoid excessive protein consumption. 
B) Insulin resistance is uncommon in cirrhosis patients. 
C) MCT oil can be helpful for cirrhosis patients with steatorrhea because it provides essential fatty acids. 
D) Liquid dietary supplements should not be administered orally to cirrhosis patients. 
A) Patients with hepatic encephalopathy should avoid excessive protein consumption. 
B) Insulin resistance is uncommon in cirrhosis patients. 
C) MCT oil can be helpful for cirrhosis patients with steatorrhea because it provides essential fatty acids. 
D) Liquid dietary supplements should not be administered orally to cirrhosis patients.

Question 8

Hepatic encephalopathy in the early stages is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) jerking movements. 
B) irritability. 
C) disorientation. 
D) all of the above 
A) jerking movements. 
B) irritability. 
C) disorientation. 
D) all of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Anemia may result when red blood cells aren't produced in sufficient amounts. 
B) The major stimulus for the production of red blood cells is a low oxygen content of the blood. 
C) When red blood cells are lost due to bleeding, anemia may result. 
D) Only a small percentage of hospital patients exhibit anemia. 
A) Anemia may result when red blood cells aren't produced in sufficient amounts. 
B) The major stimulus for the production of red blood cells is a low oxygen content of the blood. 
C) When red blood cells are lost due to bleeding, anemia may result. 
D) Only a small percentage of hospital patients exhibit anemia.

Question 10

John has severe ascites due to advanced cirrhosis.He is scheduled to undergo a procedure that will use a surgical puncture to draw excess fluid out of his abdomen.What is this procedure called?

Accepted Answer

A) Shock-wave lithotripsy 
B) Paracentesis 
C) Peritoneovenous shunt 
D) Parenteral support 
A) Shock-wave lithotripsy 
B) Paracentesis 
C) Peritoneovenous shunt 
D) Parenteral support

Question 11

Ascites is worsened by

Accepted Answer

A) reduced albumin synthesis. 
B) increased pressure in the portal vein. 
C) water retention due to altered kidney function. 
D) all of the above 
A) reduced albumin synthesis. 
B) increased pressure in the portal vein. 
C) water retention due to altered kidney function. 
D) all of the above

Question 12

Specialized tube feeding formulas for patients with cirrhosis often have which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

A) High in kcalories 
B) Low in sodium 
C) High in protein 
D) a and b 
E) all of the above
Questions for Section 25.3 Liver Transplantation 
A) High in kcalories 
B) Low in sodium 
C) High in protein 
D) a and b 
E) all of the above
Questions for Section 25.3 Liver Transplantation

Question 13

What diet recommendation is most appropriate for a normal-weight hepatitis patient who is experiencing steatorrhea?

Accepted Answer

A) Regular diet 
B) Low-fat diet 
C) High-kcalorie, high-protein diet 
D) Low-sodium diet 
A) Regular diet 
B) Low-fat diet 
C) High-kcalorie, high-protein diet 
D) Low-sodium diet

Question 14

Branched-chain amino acids may be supplemented in the diets of clients with hepatic encephalopathy because they

Accepted Answer

A) increase the synthesis of albumin. 
B) reduce bilirubin levels. 
C) may contribute to mental status improvement. 
D) prevent a false positive on a hemacult test for blood in the stool. 
A) increase the synthesis of albumin. 
B) reduce bilirubin levels. 
C) may contribute to mental status improvement. 
D) prevent a false positive on a hemacult test for blood in the stool.

Question 15

Which of the following is the most appropriate snack for a patient with ascites?

Accepted Answer

A) Canned tomato soup 
B) Hard candy 
C) Potato chips 
D) Ham sandwich 
A) Canned tomato soup 
B) Hard candy 
C) Potato chips 
D) Ham sandwich

Question 16

Clients with poor nutrition status and gastrointestinal bleeding should be provided with

Accepted Answer

A) duodenal tube feedings. 
B) a soft diet. 
C) parenteral nutrition. 
D) gastrostomy feedings. 
A) duodenal tube feedings. 
B) a soft diet. 
C) parenteral nutrition. 
D) gastrostomy feedings.

Question 17

When blood flow through the portal vein is obstructed, blood travels through smaller vessels around the liver called

Accepted Answer

A) ascites. 
B) collaterals. 
C) bypass. 
D) varices. 
A) ascites. 
B) collaterals. 
C) bypass. 
D) varices.

Question 18

James has had a liver transplant.The registered dietitian is completing his nutritional assessment.Which diet will be recommended?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 grams Na 
B) 2 grams Na, high protein 
C) High kcalorie, high protein 
D) Regular diet 
A) 2 grams Na 
B) 2 grams Na, high protein 
C) High kcalorie, high protein 
D) Regular diet

Question 19

Which nutritional intervention should be encouraged for a client with cirrhosis and steatorrhea?

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing the intake of polyunsaturated fat 
B) Reducing kcalorie intake by 20% 
C) Limiting vitamin B intake 
D) Limiting fat intake and using MCT oil 
A) Increasing the intake of polyunsaturated fat 
B) Reducing kcalorie intake by 20% 
C) Limiting vitamin B intake 
D) Limiting fat intake and using MCT oil

Question 20

Which type of anemia is the most common type affecting hospitalized patients with long-term illnesses?

Accepted Answer

A) Aplastic anemia 
B) Anemia of chronic disease 
C) Macrocytic anemia 
D) Hemolytic anemia 
A) Aplastic anemia 
B) Anemia of chronic disease 
C) Macrocytic anemia 
D) Hemolytic anemia

Exam 25: Liver Disease and Gallstones

Which statement is false?

The majority of gallstones are composed primarily of _____.

Chronic cases of HBV or HCV can lead to

Energy needs for a person with liver disease:

Which statement is true?

Hepatic encephalopathy in the early stages is characterized by

Which of the following statements is false?

John has severe ascites due to advanced cirrhosis.He is scheduled to undergo a procedure that will use a surgical puncture to draw excess fluid out of his abdomen.What is this procedure called?

Ascites is worsened by

Specialized tube feeding formulas for patients with cirrhosis often have which of the following properties?

What diet recommendation is most appropriate for a normal-weight hepatitis patient who is experiencing steatorrhea?

Branched-chain amino acids may be supplemented in the diets of clients with hepatic encephalopathy because they

Which of the following is the most appropriate snack for a patient with ascites?

Clients with poor nutrition status and gastrointestinal bleeding should be provided with

When blood flow through the portal vein is obstructed, blood travels through smaller vessels around the liver called

James has had a liver transplant.The registered dietitian is completing his nutritional assessment.Which diet will be recommended?

Which nutritional intervention should be encouraged for a client with cirrhosis and steatorrhea?

Which type of anemia is the most common type affecting hospitalized patients with long-term illnesses?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Protein: Amino Acids

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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