Question 1

The hormone that causes the kidney to conserve sodium and thus retain water is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
B)  Adrenaline 
C)  Aldosterone 
D)  Antidiuretic hormone 
A)  Adrenocorticotropic hormone 
B)  Adrenaline 
C)  Aldosterone 
D)  Antidiuretic hormone C

Question 2

Usually, the amount of urine excreted by the body every 24 hours is approximately equal to the amount of fluid:

Accepted Answer

A)  Consumed as oral fluids 
B)  Contained in foods 
C)  Resulting from the metabolism of foods 
D)  Included in all of these sources 
A)  Consumed as oral fluids 
B)  Contained in foods 
C)  Resulting from the metabolism of foods 
D)  Included in all of these sources A

Question 3

Edema is the accumulation of excessive fluid in the ______ space(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  Interstitial 
B)  Intravascular 
C)  Intracellular 
D)  Transcellular 
A)  Interstitial 
B)  Intravascular 
C)  Intracellular 
D)  Transcellular A

Question 4

A pH of less than which of the following would indicate acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  7 
B)  7.35 
C)  7.45 
D)  7.59 
A)  7 
B)  7.35 
C)  7.45 
D)  7.59

Question 5

A client is permitted ice chips to alleviate thirst. He consumes the entire 8-ounce (240-mL) cup. The nurse would record the intake as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  240 mL 
B)  120 mL 
C)  60 mL 
D)  30 mL 
A)  240 mL 
B)  120 mL 
C)  60 mL 
D)  30 mL

Question 6

In the blood, carbon dioxide is transported as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium carbonate 
B)  Carbon monoxide 
C)  Carbonic acid 
D)  Sodium bicarbonate 
A)  Calcium carbonate 
B)  Carbon monoxide 
C)  Carbonic acid 
D)  Sodium bicarbonate

Question 7

Children reach the adult proportion of body water to body weight at about:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 year of age 
B)  2 years of age 
C)  3 years of age 
D)  4 years of age 
A)  1 year of age 
B)  2 years of age 
C)  3 years of age 
D)  4 years of age

Question 8

Which of the following would lead a nurse to suspect that a client's fluid volume is low?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hand veins taking longer than 5 seconds to refill 
B)  Periorbital edema 
C)  Single longitudinal furrow on the tongue 
D)  Widening pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressures) 
A)  Hand veins taking longer than 5 seconds to refill 
B)  Periorbital edema 
C)  Single longitudinal furrow on the tongue 
D)  Widening pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressures)

Question 9

Which of the following energy nutrients supplies the greatest amount of water produced by their metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol 
B)  Carbohydrate 
C)  Fat 
D)  Protein 
A)  Alcohol 
B)  Carbohydrate 
C)  Fat 
D)  Protein

Question 10

A person has gained 7 lbs in a week. If this were all due to retained fluid, the 7 lbs would equal approximately how many liters of excess fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 
B)  3.2 
C)  5 
D)  7 
A)  1.5 
B)  3.2 
C)  5 
D)  7

Question 11

Insensible water loss of 800 to 1000 mL/day occurs through the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Intestine and lungs 
B)  Kidney and skin 
C)  Kidney and intestine 
D)  Skin and lungs 
A)  Intestine and lungs 
B)  Kidney and skin 
C)  Kidney and intestine 
D)  Skin and lungs

Question 12

Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess in a client with insufficient fluid volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased urine output, increased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin 
B)  Decreased urine output, decreased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin 
C)  Decreased urine output, increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin 
D)  Increased urine output, decreased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin 
A)  Increased urine output, increased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin 
B)  Decreased urine output, decreased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin 
C)  Decreased urine output, increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, and cool and clammy skin 
D)  Increased urine output, decreased pulse, increased blood pressure, and flushed skin

Question 13

Which of the following refers to an atom that carries an electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Buffer 
B)  Electrolyte 
C)  Ion 
D)  Milliequivalent 
A)  Buffer 
B)  Electrolyte 
C)  Ion 
D)  Milliequivalent

Question 14

The amount of urine necessary to carry away waste products is called ______ excretion.

Accepted Answer

A)  Discretionary 
B)  Mandatory 
C)  Obligatory 
D)  Optional 
A)  Discretionary 
B)  Mandatory 
C)  Obligatory 
D)  Optional

Question 15

Which of the following persons would have the greatest percentage of body weight as water?

Accepted Answer

A)  2-lb premature infant 
B)  Normal newborn of 7 lb 6 oz 
C)  140-lb woman of 5 ft 4 in 
D)  175-lb man of 5 ft 10 in 
A)  2-lb premature infant 
B)  Normal newborn of 7 lb 6 oz 
C)  140-lb woman of 5 ft 4 in 
D)  175-lb man of 5 ft 10 in

Question 16

Milliequivalent is a term used to describe the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Weight of a substance in a solution 
B)  Volume occupied by a substance in a solution 
C)  Number of particles of a substance in a solution 
D)  Combined atomic numbers of all the substances in a solution 
A)  Weight of a substance in a solution 
B)  Volume occupied by a substance in a solution 
C)  Number of particles of a substance in a solution 
D)  Combined atomic numbers of all the substances in a solution

Question 17

The condition in which a person's mechanism to regulate body temperature has failed is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Dehydration 
B)  Fever 
C)  Heat exhaustion 
D)  Heatstroke 
A)  Dehydration 
B)  Fever 
C)  Heat exhaustion 
D)  Heatstroke

Question 18

A nurse documents that a client has ascites, which indicates accumulation of fluid in which area?

Accepted Answer

A)  Small intestine 
B)  Liver 
C)  Chest cavity 
D)  Abdominal cavity 
A)  Small intestine 
B)  Liver 
C)  Chest cavity 
D)  Abdominal cavity

Question 19

After reviewing the functions of water, the need for additional study is indicated when which of the following is stated as a function of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carrier of waste products 
B)  Lubricant 
C)  Medium for chemical reactions 
D)  Source of energy 
A)  Carrier of waste products 
B)  Lubricant 
C)  Medium for chemical reactions 
D)  Source of energy

Question 20

With which client would assessing skin turgor be unreliable for evaluating fluid balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  4-lb infant 
B)  3-year-old child 
C)  30-year-old pregnant woman 
D)  80-year-old man 
A)  4-lb infant 
B)  3-year-old child 
C)  30-year-old pregnant woman 
D)  80-year-old man

Exam 8: Water

The hormone that causes the kidney to conserve sodium and thus retain water is:

Usually, the amount of urine excreted by the body every 24 hours is approximately equal to the amount of fluid:

Edema is the accumulation of excessive fluid in the ______ space(s).

A pH of less than which of the following would indicate acidosis?

A client is permitted ice chips to alleviate thirst. He consumes the entire 8-ounce (240-mL) cup. The nurse would record the intake as which of the following?

In the blood, carbon dioxide is transported as:

Children reach the adult proportion of body water to body weight at about:

Which of the following would lead a nurse to suspect that a client's fluid volume is low?

Which of the following energy nutrients supplies the greatest amount of water produced by their metabolism?

A person has gained 7 lbs in a week. If this were all due to retained fluid, the 7 lbs would equal approximately how many liters of excess fluid?

Insensible water loss of 800 to 1000 mL/day occurs through the:

Which of the following would the nurse most likely assess in a client with insufficient fluid volume?

Which of the following refers to an atom that carries an electrical charge?

The amount of urine necessary to carry away waste products is called ______ excretion.

Which of the following persons would have the greatest percentage of body weight as water?

Milliequivalent is a term used to describe the:

The condition in which a person's mechanism to regulate body temperature has failed is:

A nurse documents that a client has ascites, which indicates accumulation of fluid in which area?

After reviewing the functions of water, the need for additional study is indicated when which of the following is stated as a function of water?

With which client would assessing skin turgor be unreliable for evaluating fluid balance?

Nutrition in Human Health

Carbohydrates

Fats

Protein

Energy Balance

Vitamins

Minerals

Digestion, Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: the Mature Adult

Food Management

Nutrient Delivery

Interactions: Food and Nutrients Versus Medications and Supplements

Weight Management

Diet in Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia

Diet in Cardiovascular Disease

Diet in Renal Disease

Diet in Digestive Disease

Diet and Cancer

Nutrition in Critical Care

Diet in Hiv and Aids

Nutritional Care of the Terminally Ill

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