Question 1

The same molecule may be both __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A) enzyme; neurotransmitter 
B) neurotransmitter; hormone 
C) enzyme; pheromone 
D) hormone; second messenger 
E) hormone; local signaling molecule 
A) enzyme; neurotransmitter 
B) neurotransmitter; hormone 
C) enzyme; pheromone 
D) hormone; second messenger 
E) hormone; local signaling molecule

Question 2

ACTH (corticotropin)

Accepted Answer

A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
B) has target cells in the autonomic nervous system. 
C) has target cells in the adrenal glands 
D) has target cells in the adrenal medulla. 
E) initiates the autoimmune response. 
A) is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
B) has target cells in the autonomic nervous system. 
C) has target cells in the adrenal glands 
D) has target cells in the adrenal medulla. 
E) initiates the autoimmune response.

Question 3

The hypothalamus and pituitary link the activities of the endocrine system and nervous system by

Accepted Answer

A) the secretion of hormones in response to the summation of neural messages that enter the hypothalamus. 
B) shifts in hormonal concentrations being detected by the anterior pituitary. 
C) the secretion of pheromones as a response to photoperiodic stimuli. 
D) the nervous tissue of the anterior lobe sending stimuli to the glandular tissue of the posterior lobe to produce hypothalamic hormones. 
E) all of these. 
A) the secretion of hormones in response to the summation of neural messages that enter the hypothalamus. 
B) shifts in hormonal concentrations being detected by the anterior pituitary. 
C) the secretion of pheromones as a response to photoperiodic stimuli. 
D) the nervous tissue of the anterior lobe sending stimuli to the glandular tissue of the posterior lobe to produce hypothalamic hormones. 
E) all of these.

Question 4

Target cells

Accepted Answer

A) are found only in specific endocrine glands. 
B) are equipped with specific receptor molecules. 
C) are never muscle cells. 
D) may occur in any part of the body. 
E) are equipped with specific receptor molecules and may occur in any part of the body. 
A) are found only in specific endocrine glands. 
B) are equipped with specific receptor molecules. 
C) are never muscle cells. 
D) may occur in any part of the body. 
E) are equipped with specific receptor molecules and may occur in any part of the body.

Question 5

In androgen insensitivity syndrome,

Accepted Answer

A) no testosterone is produced. 
B) chemicals circulating in the blood deactivate the male hormone. 
C) the cellular receptor for testosterone in the target cells is defective. 
D) the male with this defect is normal in all respects except that he is sterile. 
E) all of these are true. 
A) no testosterone is produced. 
B) chemicals circulating in the blood deactivate the male hormone. 
C) the cellular receptor for testosterone in the target cells is defective. 
D) the male with this defect is normal in all respects except that he is sterile. 
E) all of these are true.

Question 6

Use the figure above to answer questions 
  
-A hormone-receptor complex that stimulates the formation of a second messenger is indicated by

Accepted Answer

A) B. 
B) C. 
C) E. 
D) F. 
E) G. 
A) B. 
B) C. 
C) E. 
D) F. 
E) G.

Question 7

Use the figure above to answer questions 
  
-The equivalent in figure 2 of letter "D" in figure 1 is indicated by

Accepted Answer

A) E. 
B) F. 
C) G. 
D) H. 
E) all of these. 
A) E. 
B) F. 
C) G. 
D) H. 
E) all of these.

Question 8

Specialized islet cells that secrete hormones are found scattered throughout the

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex. 
B) liver. 
C) thymus. 
D) adrenal medulla. 
E) pancreas. 
A) adrenal cortex. 
B) liver. 
C) thymus. 
D) adrenal medulla. 
E) pancreas.

Question 9

Blood glucose levels are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) insulin. 
B) glucagon. 
C) cortisol. 
D) insulin and glucagon only. 
E) insulin, glucagon, and cortisol. 
A) insulin. 
B) glucagon. 
C) cortisol. 
D) insulin and glucagon only. 
E) insulin, glucagon, and cortisol.

Question 10

Elevated cortisol levels are found in

Accepted Answer

A) Cushing's syndrome. 
B) combat soldiers. 
C) air traffic controllers. 
D) individuals suffering from chronic stress. 
E) all of these. 
A) Cushing's syndrome. 
B) combat soldiers. 
C) air traffic controllers. 
D) individuals suffering from chronic stress. 
E) all of these.

Question 11

The main target of glucagon is

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac muscle. 
B) the liver. 
C) adipose tissue. 
D) the brain. 
E) the adrenal cortex. 
A) cardiac muscle. 
B) the liver. 
C) adipose tissue. 
D) the brain. 
E) the adrenal cortex.

Question 12

Acromegaly is the result of excessive secretion of which of the following by adults?

Accepted Answer

A) mineralocorticoid 
B) glucocorticoid 
C) thyroxine 
D) testosterone 
E) GH 
A) mineralocorticoid 
B) glucocorticoid 
C) thyroxine 
D) testosterone 
E) GH

Question 13

Which endocrine gland is the main center for control of the internal environment?

Accepted Answer

A) pineal and thymus 
B) hypothalamus 
C) thyroid and parathyroids 
D) adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla 
E) pancreas and gonads 
A) pineal and thymus 
B) hypothalamus 
C) thyroid and parathyroids 
D) adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla 
E) pancreas and gonads

Question 14

A simple goiter is caused by a deficiency in

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine. 
B) triiodothyronine. 
C) calcium. 
D) iodine. 
E) both thyroxine and triiodothyronine. 
A) thyroxine. 
B) triiodothyronine. 
C) calcium. 
D) iodine. 
E) both thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

Question 15

If you eliminated all sources of calcium (dairy products, some vegetables) from your diet, the level of which of the following would rise in an attempt to supply calcium stored in your body to the tissues that need it?

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone 
B) calcitonin 
C) mineralocorticoids 
D) parathyroid hormone 
E) all of these 
A) aldosterone 
B) calcitonin 
C) mineralocorticoids 
D) parathyroid hormone 
E) all of these

Question 16

If you are cast up on a desert island with no fresh water to drink, the level of which of the following will rise in your bloodstream in an effort to conserve water?

Accepted Answer

A) erythropoietin 
B) oxytocin 
C) insulin 
D) antidiuretic hormone 
E) glucose 
A) erythropoietin 
B) oxytocin 
C) insulin 
D) antidiuretic hormone 
E) glucose

Question 17

Normal humans have how many parathyroid glands?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6

Question 18

Use the figure above to answer questions 
  
-A simple way of thinking about the action of a steroid hormone on its target cell is indicated by

Accepted Answer

A) figure 1. 
B) figure 2. 
C) A, B, E, and F. 
D) E, F, G, and H. 
E) none of these. 
A) figure 1. 
B) figure 2. 
C) A, B, E, and F. 
D) E, F, G, and H. 
E) none of these.

Question 19

A common second messenger molecule is

Accepted Answer

A) a steroid compound. 
B) cyclic AMP. 
C) ADP. 
D) prostaglandin. 
E) intermedin. 
A) a steroid compound. 
B) cyclic AMP. 
C) ADP. 
D) prostaglandin. 
E) intermedin.

Question 20

Use the figure above to answer questions 
  
-The releasing site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by

Accepted Answer

A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) D. 
E) E. 
A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) D. 
E) E.

Exam 35: Endocrine Control

The same molecule may be both __________ and __________.

ACTH (corticotropin)

The hypothalamus and pituitary link the activities of the endocrine system and nervous system by

Target cells

In androgen insensitivity syndrome,

Use the figure above to answer questions -A hormone-receptor complex that stimulates the formation of a second messenger is indicated by

Use the figure above to answer questions -The equivalent in figure 2 of letter "D" in figure 1 is indicated by

Specialized islet cells that secrete hormones are found scattered throughout the

Blood glucose levels are regulated by

Elevated cortisol levels are found in

The main target of glucagon is

Acromegaly is the result of excessive secretion of which of the following by adults?

Which endocrine gland is the main center for control of the internal environment?

A simple goiter is caused by a deficiency in

If you eliminated all sources of calcium (dairy products, some vegetables) from your diet, the level of which of the following would rise in an attempt to supply calcium stored in your body to the tissues that need it?

If you are cast up on a desert island with no fresh water to drink, the level of which of the following will rise in your bloodstream in an effort to conserve water?

Normal humans have how many parathyroid glands?

Use the figure above to answer questions -A simple way of thinking about the action of a steroid hormone on its target cell is indicated by

A common second messenger molecule is

Use the figure above to answer questions -The releasing site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

The Origin and Evolution of Life

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters

The same molecule may be both and .