Question 1

Which of the following quantities of alcoholic beverages have the least damaging effect on the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 ounces of beer 
B) 5 ounces of wine 
C) 1.5 ounces of vodka 
D) either 12 ounces of beer or 5 ounces of wine 
E) all have the same amount of ethanol and therefore have similar effects on the liver 
A) 12 ounces of beer 
B) 5 ounces of wine 
C) 1.5 ounces of vodka 
D) either 12 ounces of beer or 5 ounces of wine 
E) all have the same amount of ethanol and therefore have similar effects on the liver E

Question 2

Allosteric inhibition generally results from

Accepted Answer

A) excess substrates. 
B) binding of regulatory molecules at sites other than the active sites. 
C) a change in the temperature of the system. 
D) a lack of coenzymes. 
E) changes in pH. 
A) excess substrates. 
B) binding of regulatory molecules at sites other than the active sites. 
C) a change in the temperature of the system. 
D) a lack of coenzymes. 
E) changes in pH. B

Question 3

A "high-energy bond" in ATP

Accepted Answer

A) absorbs a large amount of free energy when the phosphate group is attached during hydrolysis. 
B) is formed when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and one phosphate group. 
C) is similar to the bonds in glucose molecules; that is why glucose can be used as a source of metabolic energy. 
D) contributes to the "energy in" part of an endergonic reaction. 
E) is/does all of these. 
A) absorbs a large amount of free energy when the phosphate group is attached during hydrolysis. 
B) is formed when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and one phosphate group. 
C) is similar to the bonds in glucose molecules; that is why glucose can be used as a source of metabolic energy. 
D) contributes to the "energy in" part of an endergonic reaction. 
E) is/does all of these. D

Question 4

ATP

Accepted Answer

A) easily gives up phosphate groups. 
B) forms when ADP covalently bonds to phosphate. 
C) is the energy currency in the cell's economy. 
D) is made by all cells. 
E) is/does all of these. 
A) easily gives up phosphate groups. 
B) forms when ADP covalently bonds to phosphate. 
C) is the energy currency in the cell's economy. 
D) is made by all cells. 
E) is/does all of these.

Question 5

The chemical bond energy in which of the following molecules is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) fats 
B) glucose 
C) proteins 
D) ATP 
E) all of these 
A) fats 
B) glucose 
C) proteins 
D) ATP 
E) all of these

Question 6

The regeneration of ATP

Accepted Answer

A) is an example of an endergonic reaction. 
B) requires inorganic phosphate. 
C) occurs through the ATP/ADP cycle. 
D) is not the result of entropy. 
E) is/does all of these. 
A) is an example of an endergonic reaction. 
B) requires inorganic phosphate. 
C) occurs through the ATP/ADP cycle. 
D) is not the result of entropy. 
E) is/does all of these.

Question 7

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

Accepted Answer

A) the energy of a system may increase if there is a corresponding decrease in energy elsewhere in the universe. 
B) the amount of energy in the universe is constant. 
C) chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy. 
D) energy can change from one form to another. 
E) all of these are true. 
A) the energy of a system may increase if there is a corresponding decrease in energy elsewhere in the universe. 
B) the amount of energy in the universe is constant. 
C) chemical reactions do not create or destroy energy. 
D) energy can change from one form to another. 
E) all of these are true.

Question 8

Allosteric enzymes

Accepted Answer

A) have active sites where substrate molecules bind and other sites that bind with inhibitor or activator molecules. 
B) are associated with important energy-carrying nucleotides. 
C) are not affected by temperature or pH. 
D) have two active sites. 
E) all of these. 
A) have active sites where substrate molecules bind and other sites that bind with inhibitor or activator molecules. 
B) are associated with important energy-carrying nucleotides. 
C) are not affected by temperature or pH. 
D) have two active sites. 
E) all of these.

Question 9

Which of the following is an application of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A) The level of entropy increases as time passes. 
B) Living organisms represent an exception to the laws of energy. 
C) The quantity of energy does not increase or decrease in the universe. 
D) Fungi and plants do not make their own energy but derive it from somewhere else. 
E) The amount of energy found in the compounds on one side of an equation is equal to that on the other side. 
A) The level of entropy increases as time passes. 
B) Living organisms represent an exception to the laws of energy. 
C) The quantity of energy does not increase or decrease in the universe. 
D) Fungi and plants do not make their own energy but derive it from somewhere else. 
E) The amount of energy found in the compounds on one side of an equation is equal to that on the other side.

Question 10

The binding between an enzyme and its substrate

Accepted Answer

A) is weak and temporary. 
B) consists of strong covalent bonds. 
C) consists of weak ionic bonds. 
D) is relatively stable. 
E) is none of these. 
A) is weak and temporary. 
B) consists of strong covalent bonds. 
C) consists of weak ionic bonds. 
D) is relatively stable. 
E) is none of these.

Question 11

Energy is commonly defined as "the capacity to do work." This definition is

Accepted Answer

A) incorrect. 
B) adequate in the physical sciences. 
C) adequate in the biological sciences. 
D) no more than a clue to the actual properties of the concept. 
E) not accepted by most scientists. 
A) incorrect. 
B) adequate in the physical sciences. 
C) adequate in the biological sciences. 
D) no more than a clue to the actual properties of the concept. 
E) not accepted by most scientists.

Question 12

For an enzyme to function it requires

Accepted Answer

A) oxygen. 
B) a suitable substrate. 
C) a considerable amount of activation energy. 
D) ATP. 
E) all of these. 
A) oxygen. 
B) a suitable substrate. 
C) a considerable amount of activation energy. 
D) ATP. 
E) all of these.

Question 13

The second law of thermodynamics holds that

Accepted Answer

A) matter can be neither created nor destroyed. 
B) energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
C) energy of one form is converted to a less concentrated form whenever energy is transformed or transferred. 
D) entropy decreases with time. 
E) none of these is true. 
A) matter can be neither created nor destroyed. 
B) energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
C) energy of one form is converted to a less concentrated form whenever energy is transformed or transferred. 
D) entropy decreases with time. 
E) none of these is true.

Question 14

Questions refer to the figure above.
  
-The substance indicated as "A" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) inhibitor. 
B) activator. 
C) substrate. 
D) coenzyme. 
E) cofactor. 
A) inhibitor. 
B) activator. 
C) substrate. 
D) coenzyme. 
E) cofactor.

Question 15

In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is synonymous with

Accepted Answer

A) end products. 
B) by-products. 
C) intermediates. 
D) reactants. 
E) co-enzyme. 
A) end products. 
B) by-products. 
C) intermediates. 
D) reactants. 
E) co-enzyme.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzymes are highly specific and act on chemicals called substrates. 
B) Enzymes act as catalysts and speed up chemical reactions within cells. 
C) Most enzymes work best under high salt conditions. 
D) Most enzymes are proteins. 
E) Enzymes can become deactivated by high fevers. 
A) Enzymes are highly specific and act on chemicals called substrates. 
B) Enzymes act as catalysts and speed up chemical reactions within cells. 
C) Most enzymes work best under high salt conditions. 
D) Most enzymes are proteins. 
E) Enzymes can become deactivated by high fevers.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzymes catalyze reversible reactions in either direction. 
B) Enzymes are highly specific. 
C) Most enzymes are protein molecules. 
D) Enzymes allow some reactions to occur that would never occur without them. 
E) Enzymes may be temporarily modified during their involvement with the substrate. 
A) Enzymes catalyze reversible reactions in either direction. 
B) Enzymes are highly specific. 
C) Most enzymes are protein molecules. 
D) Enzymes allow some reactions to occur that would never occur without them. 
E) Enzymes may be temporarily modified during their involvement with the substrate.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) The universe has a specific amount of energy. 
B) One form of energy can be converted to other forms of energy. 
C) Whenever energy conversions occur, some energy is converted to less concentrated forms. 
D) Once energy is utilized, it disappears. 
E) There are differences in the quality of energy. 
A) The universe has a specific amount of energy. 
B) One form of energy can be converted to other forms of energy. 
C) Whenever energy conversions occur, some energy is converted to less concentrated forms. 
D) Once energy is utilized, it disappears. 
E) There are differences in the quality of energy.

Question 19

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A) energy can be transformed into matter, and because of this, something is obtained for nothing. 
B) energy can be destroyed during nuclear reactions such as those that occur inside the sun. 
C) if energy is gained by one region of the universe, another place in the universe also must gain energy in order to maintain the balance of nature. 
D) energy tends to flow from concentrated to less concentrated forms. 
E) none of these is true. 
A) energy can be transformed into matter, and because of this, something is obtained for nothing. 
B) energy can be destroyed during nuclear reactions such as those that occur inside the sun. 
C) if energy is gained by one region of the universe, another place in the universe also must gain energy in order to maintain the balance of nature. 
D) energy tends to flow from concentrated to less concentrated forms. 
E) none of these is true.

Question 20

ATP contains

Accepted Answer

A) adenine. 
B) cytosine. 
C) uracil. 
D) thymine. 
E) guanine. 
A) adenine. 
B) cytosine. 
C) uracil. 
D) thymine. 
E) guanine.

Exam 6: Ground Rules of Metabolism

Which of the following quantities of alcoholic beverages have the least damaging effect on the liver?

Allosteric inhibition generally results from

A "high-energy bond" in ATP

ATP

The chemical bond energy in which of the following molecules is a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

The regeneration of ATP

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

Allosteric enzymes

Which of the following is an application of the first law of thermodynamics?

The binding between an enzyme and its substrate

Energy is commonly defined as "the capacity to do work." This definition is

For an enzyme to function it requires

The second law of thermodynamics holds that

Questions refer to the figure above. -The substance indicated as "A" is a(n)

In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is synonymous with

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following statements is false?

The second law of thermodynamics states that

ATP contains

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

A Closer Look at Cell Membranes

Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Energy-Releasing Pathways

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Controls Over Genes

Recombinant Dna and Genetic Engineering

The Macroevolutionary Puzzle

Emergence of Evolutionary Thought

Organizing Information About Species

The Origin and Evolution of Life

Viruses and Prokaryotes

Protists the Simplest Eukaryotes

Plants

Fungi

Animals: the Invertebrates

Animal Evolution the Chordates

Human Evolution: a Case Study

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction

Plant Growth and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Protection, Support, and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Structure and Biodiversity

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Impacts on the Biosphere

Filters