Question 1

Why were some early Christians drawn to the monastic lifestyle?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
Many early

Question 2

With whom did the pope form an alliance as a result of the iconoclastic controversy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Byzantine emperor 
B)  The Frankish monarchy 
C)  Arian Christians 
D)  Persian Muslims 
A)  The Byzantine emperor 
B)  The Frankish monarchy 
C)  Arian Christians 
D)  Persian Muslims

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions:
-heresy

Accepted Answer

A) Multipart collection of laws and legal commentary issued in the sixth century by the emperor Justinian. 
B) Geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered on a cathedral. 
C) A religious practice or belief judged unacceptable by church officials. 
D) Heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of this leader's term in office is called a pontificate. 
E) Another name for the Eastern Christian Church, over which emperors continued to have power.
F)Certain rituals of the church believed to act as a conduit of God's grace, such as baptism.
G)The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
H)Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
I)Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins.
J)People who were venerated for having lived or died in a way that was spiritually heroic or noteworthy.
K)A dynasty of rulers that decisively unified the Franks under the reign of Clovis (ca. 481-511) and ruled the Frankish kingdom until the seventh century.
L)A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; the term derives from the Latin word for "Charles," the name of several members of this dynasty.
M)An arrangement ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne's territories among his three surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy. 
A) Multipart collection of laws and legal commentary issued in the sixth century by the emperor Justinian. 
B) Geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered on a cathedral. 
C) A religious practice or belief judged unacceptable by church officials. 
D) Heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of this leader's term in office is called a pontificate. 
E) Another name for the Eastern Christian Church, over which emperors continued to have power.
F)Certain rituals of the church believed to act as a conduit of God's grace, such as baptism.
G)The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
H)Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
I)Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins.
J)People who were venerated for having lived or died in a way that was spiritually heroic or noteworthy.
K)A dynasty of rulers that decisively unified the Franks under the reign of Clovis (ca. 481-511) and ruled the Frankish kingdom until the seventh century.
L)A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; the term derives from the Latin word for "Charles," the name of several members of this dynasty.
M)An arrangement ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne's territories among his three surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy.

Question 4

Use the following to answer questions:
-sacraments

Accepted Answer

A) Multipart collection of laws and legal commentary issued in the sixth century by the emperor Justinian. 
B) Geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered on a cathedral. 
C) A religious practice or belief judged unacceptable by church officials. 
D) Heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of this leader's term in office is called a pontificate. 
E) Another name for the Eastern Christian Church, over which emperors continued to have power.
F)Certain rituals of the church believed to act as a conduit of God's grace, such as baptism.
G)The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
H)Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
I)Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins.
J)People who were venerated for having lived or died in a way that was spiritually heroic or noteworthy.
K)A dynasty of rulers that decisively unified the Franks under the reign of Clovis (ca. 481-511) and ruled the Frankish kingdom until the seventh century.
L)A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; the term derives from the Latin word for "Charles," the name of several members of this dynasty.
M)An arrangement ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne's territories among his three surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy. 
A) Multipart collection of laws and legal commentary issued in the sixth century by the emperor Justinian. 
B) Geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered on a cathedral. 
C) A religious practice or belief judged unacceptable by church officials. 
D) Heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of this leader's term in office is called a pontificate. 
E) Another name for the Eastern Christian Church, over which emperors continued to have power.
F)Certain rituals of the church believed to act as a conduit of God's grace, such as baptism.
G)The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
H)Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
I)Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins.
J)People who were venerated for having lived or died in a way that was spiritually heroic or noteworthy.
K)A dynasty of rulers that decisively unified the Franks under the reign of Clovis (ca. 481-511) and ruled the Frankish kingdom until the seventh century.
L)A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; the term derives from the Latin word for "Charles," the name of several members of this dynasty.
M)An arrangement ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne's territories among his three surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy.

Question 5

How did the bishops of Rome acquire spiritual and secular leadership in the early fifth century? What was the intellectual justification for this development?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
The bishop

Question 6

What role did trade play in the Sassanid and Byzantine Empires and in the tensions between them?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
Both empir

Question 7

Charlemagne used missi dominici to connect his central government to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Church leaders 
B)  Rome 
C)  Constantinople 
D)  Local authorities 
A)  Church leaders 
B)  Rome 
C)  Constantinople 
D)  Local authorities

Question 8

Trace the history of the monastic movement from its Eastern roots through The Rule of Saint Benedict. Why was The Rule of Saint Benedict so successful? What impact did the Benedictine monasteries have on the church and on society in general?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
This essay

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions:
-saints

Accepted Answer

A) Multipart collection of laws and legal commentary issued in the sixth century by the emperor Justinian. 
B) Geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered on a cathedral. 
C) A religious practice or belief judged unacceptable by church officials. 
D) Heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of this leader's term in office is called a pontificate. 
E) Another name for the Eastern Christian Church, over which emperors continued to have power.
F)Certain rituals of the church believed to act as a conduit of God's grace, such as baptism.
G)The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
H)Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
I)Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins.
J)People who were venerated for having lived or died in a way that was spiritually heroic or noteworthy.
K)A dynasty of rulers that decisively unified the Franks under the reign of Clovis (ca. 481-511) and ruled the Frankish kingdom until the seventh century.
L)A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; the term derives from the Latin word for "Charles," the name of several members of this dynasty.
M)An arrangement ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne's territories among his three surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy. 
A) Multipart collection of laws and legal commentary issued in the sixth century by the emperor Justinian. 
B) Geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered on a cathedral. 
C) A religious practice or belief judged unacceptable by church officials. 
D) Heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of this leader's term in office is called a pontificate. 
E) Another name for the Eastern Christian Church, over which emperors continued to have power.
F)Certain rituals of the church believed to act as a conduit of God's grace, such as baptism.
G)The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
H)Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
I)Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins.
J)People who were venerated for having lived or died in a way that was spiritually heroic or noteworthy.
K)A dynasty of rulers that decisively unified the Franks under the reign of Clovis (ca. 481-511) and ruled the Frankish kingdom until the seventh century.
L)A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; the term derives from the Latin word for "Charles," the name of several members of this dynasty.
M)An arrangement ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne's territories among his three surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy.

Question 10

On whom did early Christian missionaries concentrate their conversion efforts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urban residents 
B)  Pagan priests 
C)  Rural peasants 
D)  Members of royal families 
A)  Urban residents 
B)  Pagan priests 
C)  Rural peasants 
D)  Members of royal families

Question 11

What was a consequence of the controversy over icons in the Eastern Christian Church?

Accepted Answer

A)  The controversy had few consequences beyond theology. 
B)  It settled the issue of church-state relations in Byzantium. 
C)  It led to further separation between western Europe and Byzantium. 
D)  It resulted in the destruction of all pagan icons. 
A)  The controversy had few consequences beyond theology. 
B)  It settled the issue of church-state relations in Byzantium. 
C)  It led to further separation between western Europe and Byzantium. 
D)  It resulted in the destruction of all pagan icons.

Question 12

According to Map 8.2, "The Barbarian Migrations, ca. 340-500," the migration of which barbarian group best reflects the belief of many historians that many barbarians migrated in search of a warmer climate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Huns 
B)  Franks 
C)  Ostrogoths 
D)  Vandals 
A)  Huns 
B)  Franks 
C)  Ostrogoths 
D)  Vandals

Question 13

What roles did the druids fill in Celtic society?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were chieftains and scribes. 
B)  They served religious and legal functions. 
C)  They were largely military leaders and scribes 
D)  They served as clan elders and bards. 
A)  They were chieftains and scribes. 
B)  They served religious and legal functions. 
C)  They were largely military leaders and scribes 
D)  They served as clan elders and bards.

Question 14

According to Saint Augustine, what did God transmit through the sacraments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Free will 
B)  Grace 
C)  Peace 
D)  Desire 
A)  Free will 
B)  Grace 
C)  Peace 
D)  Desire

Question 15

What is the significance of Charlemagne's empire?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
Although t

Question 16

How did the early Christian Church deal with Arianism? What are possible long-term implications for how Christianity dealt with this early heresy?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
The Arian

Question 17

What were early Christian attitudes toward sex? What influenced those attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
In general

Question 18

Arianism was condemned by Constantine at what council in 325?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nicaea 
B)  Tours 
C)  Rome 
D)  Athens 
A)  Nicaea 
B)  Tours 
C)  Rome 
D)  Athens

Question 19

Use the following to answer questions:
-wergeld

Accepted Answer

A) Multipart collection of laws and legal commentary issued in the sixth century by the emperor Justinian. 
B) Geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered on a cathedral. 
C) A religious practice or belief judged unacceptable by church officials. 
D) Heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of this leader's term in office is called a pontificate. 
E) Another name for the Eastern Christian Church, over which emperors continued to have power.
F)Certain rituals of the church believed to act as a conduit of God's grace, such as baptism.
G)The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
H)Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
I)Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins.
J)People who were venerated for having lived or died in a way that was spiritually heroic or noteworthy.
K)A dynasty of rulers that decisively unified the Franks under the reign of Clovis (ca. 481-511) and ruled the Frankish kingdom until the seventh century.
L)A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; the term derives from the Latin word for "Charles," the name of several members of this dynasty.
M)An arrangement ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne's territories among his three surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy. 
A) Multipart collection of laws and legal commentary issued in the sixth century by the emperor Justinian. 
B) Geographic administrative districts of the church, each under the authority of a bishop and centered on a cathedral. 
C) A religious practice or belief judged unacceptable by church officials. 
D) Heads of the Roman Catholic Church, who became political as well as religious authorities. The period of this leader's term in office is called a pontificate. 
E) Another name for the Eastern Christian Church, over which emperors continued to have power.
F)Certain rituals of the church believed to act as a conduit of God's grace, such as baptism.
G)The conflict over the veneration of religious images in the Byzantine Empire.
H)Compensatory payment for death or injury set in many barbarian law codes.
I)Ritual in which Christians asked a priest for forgiveness for sins and the priest set certain actions to atone for the sins.
J)People who were venerated for having lived or died in a way that was spiritually heroic or noteworthy.
K)A dynasty of rulers that decisively unified the Franks under the reign of Clovis (ca. 481-511) and ruled the Frankish kingdom until the seventh century.
L)A dynasty of rulers that took over the Frankish kingdom from the Merovingians in the seventh century; the term derives from the Latin word for "Charles," the name of several members of this dynasty.
M)An arrangement ratified in 843 that divided Charlemagne's territories among his three surviving grandsons; their kingdoms set the pattern for the modern states of Germany, France, and Italy.

Question 20

What country served as an important base for the conversion of Germany and other parts of northern Europe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spain 
B)  France 
C)  England 
D)  Portugal 
A)  Spain 
B)  France 
C)  England 
D)  Portugal

Exam 8: Continuity and Change in Europe and Western Asia, 250-850

Why were some early Christians drawn to the monastic lifestyle?

With whom did the pope form an alliance as a result of the iconoclastic controversy?

Use the following to answer questions: -heresy

Use the following to answer questions: -sacraments

How did the bishops of Rome acquire spiritual and secular leadership in the early fifth century? What was the intellectual justification for this development?

What role did trade play in the Sassanid and Byzantine Empires and in the tensions between them?

Charlemagne used missi dominici to connect his central government to which of the following?

Trace the history of the monastic movement from its Eastern roots through The Rule of Saint Benedict. Why was The Rule of Saint Benedict so successful? What impact did the Benedictine monasteries have on the church and on society in general?

Use the following to answer questions: -saints

On whom did early Christian missionaries concentrate their conversion efforts?

What was a consequence of the controversy over icons in the Eastern Christian Church?

According to Map 8.2, "The Barbarian Migrations, ca. 340-500," the migration of which barbarian group best reflects the belief of many historians that many barbarians migrated in search of a warmer climate?

What roles did the druids fill in Celtic society?

According to Saint Augustine, what did God transmit through the sacraments?

What is the significance of Charlemagne's empire?

How did the early Christian Church deal with Arianism? What are possible long-term implications for how Christianity dealt with this early heresy?

What were early Christian attitudes toward sex? What influenced those attitudes?

Arianism was condemned by Constantine at what council in 325?

Use the following to answer questions: -wergeld

What country served as an important base for the conversion of Germany and other parts of northern Europe?

The Earliest Human Societies, to 2500 Bce

Complex Societies in Southwest Asia and the Nile Valley, 3800-500 Bce

The Foundation of Indian Society, to 300 Ce

Chinas Classical Age, to 221 Bce

The Greek Experience, 3500-30 Bce

The World of Rome, Ca 1000 Bce-400 Ce

East Asia and the Spread of Buddhism, 221 Bce-845 Ce

The Islamic World, 600-1400

African Societies and Kingdoms, 1000 Bce-1500 Ce

The Americas, 3200 Bce-1500 Ce

Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia, 300-1400

States and Cultures in East Asia, 800-1400

Europe and Western Asia in the Middle Ages, 800-1450

Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation, 1350-1600

The Acceleration of Global Contact, 1450-1600

The Islamic World Powers, 1300-1800

European Power and Expansion, 1500-1750

New Worldviews and Ways of Life, 1540-1790

Africa and the World, 1400-1800

Continuity and Change in East Asia, 1400-1800

Revolutions in the Atlantic World, 1775-1825

The Revolution in Energy and Industry, 1760-1850

Ideologies of Change in Europe, 1815-1914

Africa, the Ottoman Empire, and the New Imperialism, 1800-1914

Asia and the Pacific in the Era of Imperialism, 1800-1914

The Americas in the Age of Liberalism, 1810-1917

World War and Revolution, 1914-1929

Nationalism in Asia, 1914-1939

The Great Depression and World War Ii, 1929-1945

Review

Liberalization, 1968-2000s

The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective

20th Century Global Issues and Developments

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