Question 1

Match the structure of the eye with the appropriate description.
-Cones

Accepted Answer

A) Photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision 
B) Photoreceptor cells that function in color vision 
C) The opening in the iris 
D) The innermost tunic of the eye 
E) A pigmented contractile structure 
A) Photoreceptor cells that function in black and white vision 
B) Photoreceptor cells that function in color vision 
C) The opening in the iris 
D) The innermost tunic of the eye 
E) A pigmented contractile structure

Question 2

Jessica is sitting in a cafe and excess lacrimal fluid is spilling over her lower palpebrae. This means that Jessica

Accepted Answer

A)  is crying. 
B)  has a runny nose. 
C)  is drooling. 
D)  has an middle ear infection. 
A)  is crying. 
B)  has a runny nose. 
C)  is drooling. 
D)  has an middle ear infection.

Question 3

Olfactory adaptation occurs when odorant receptors become ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  saturated 
B)  destroyed 
A)  saturated 
B)  destroyed

Question 4

Which tastant is NOT correctly matched with its process of depolarization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Salty - Na+ 
B)  Umami - G protein 
C)  Bitter - K+ 
D)  Sour - H+ 
E)  Sweet - G protein 
A)  Salty - Na+ 
B)  Umami - G protein 
C)  Bitter - K+ 
D)  Sour - H+ 
E)  Sweet - G protein

Question 5

Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the middle ear?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oval window 
B)  Cochlear duct 
C)  External auditory canal 
D)  Auditory tube 
A)  Oval window 
B)  Cochlear duct 
C)  External auditory canal 
D)  Auditory tube

Question 6

Increased fluid accumulation in the cornea would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  a scattering of light rays. 
B)  loss of pigment in the eye. 
C)  a decrease in the strength of the tissue. 
D)  an increase in the ability to transmit light to the retina. 
E)  blockage of light rays. 
A)  a scattering of light rays. 
B)  loss of pigment in the eye. 
C)  a decrease in the strength of the tissue. 
D)  an increase in the ability to transmit light to the retina. 
E)  blockage of light rays.

Question 7

The taste of salts results when ________ diffuses through channels leading to depolarization of the taste cell. Similarly, sour is tasted when ________ lead(s) to the depolarization of taste cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  H+, G protein mechanism 
B)  Na+, H+ 
C)  Na+, amino acids 
D)  umami, H+ 
A)  H+, G protein mechanism 
B)  Na+, H+ 
C)  Na+, amino acids 
D)  umami, H+

Question 8

Arrange the following list of membranes in correct sequence in which they function during the process of hearing.
(1) Tectorial membrane
(2) Vestibular membrane
(3) Tympanic membrane
(4) Basilar membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  3, 4, 1, 2 
C)  3, 2, 4, 1 
D)  2, 4, 3, 1 
E)  4, 3, 2, 1 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  3, 4, 1, 2 
C)  3, 2, 4, 1 
D)  2, 4, 3, 1 
E)  4, 3, 2, 1

Question 9

You taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue." These taste sensations would be carried via the ________ cranial nerve.

Accepted Answer

A)  facial (VII) 
B)  vagus (X) 
C)  trigeminal (V) 
D)  glossopharyngeal (IX) 
E)  hypoglossal (XII) 
A)  facial (VII) 
B)  vagus (X) 
C)  trigeminal (V) 
D)  glossopharyngeal (IX) 
E)  hypoglossal (XII)

Question 10

Match the structure associated with hearing with the appropriate description.
-Organ of Corti

Accepted Answer

A) Organ of hearing 
B) Passageway from the outside to the eardrum 
C) Interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone 
D) Tiny bones in the middle ear 
E) Connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph 
A) Organ of hearing 
B) Passageway from the outside to the eardrum 
C) Interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone 
D) Tiny bones in the middle ear 
E) Connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph

Question 11

The superior olivary nucleus

Accepted Answer

A)  generates the endocochlear potential. 
B)  receives impulses from the vestibular nerve. 
C)  helps localize high-pitched tones near the apex of the basilar membrane. 
D)  sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally. 
E)  stimulates additional hair cells. 
A)  generates the endocochlear potential. 
B)  receives impulses from the vestibular nerve. 
C)  helps localize high-pitched tones near the apex of the basilar membrane. 
D)  sends efferent impulses that inhibit all hair cells not vibrating maximally. 
E)  stimulates additional hair cells.

Question 12

Match the eye structure with the appropriate description.
-Optic disc

Accepted Answer

A) Blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here 
B) A small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina 
C) The portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity 
D) A jelly-like substance in the posterior cavity of the eye 
E) The fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye 
A) Blood vessels enter and the optic nerve exits here 
B) A small yellow spot near the center of the posterior retina 
C) The portion of the retina with the greatest visual acuity 
D) A jelly-like substance in the posterior cavity of the eye 
E) The fluid that fills the anterior cavity of the eye

Question 13

The lacrimal glands

Accepted Answer

A)  cause a sty when inflamed. 
B)  constantly produce a fluid called tears. 
C)  are located in the superomedial corner of the orbit. 
D)  are innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve. 
E)  produce sebum. 
A)  cause a sty when inflamed. 
B)  constantly produce a fluid called tears. 
C)  are located in the superomedial corner of the orbit. 
D)  are innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve. 
E)  produce sebum.

Question 14

The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is

Accepted Answer

A)  photoreceptors, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and optic nerve. 
B)  photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve. 
C)  photoreceptors, bipolar cells, optic nerve, and ganglion cells. 
D)  photoreceptors, ganglion cells, optic nerve, and bipolar cells. 
E)  ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptors, and optic nerve. 
A)  photoreceptors, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and optic nerve. 
B)  photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve. 
C)  photoreceptors, bipolar cells, optic nerve, and ganglion cells. 
D)  photoreceptors, ganglion cells, optic nerve, and bipolar cells. 
E)  ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptors, and optic nerve.

Question 15

What connects the stereocilia in a hair bundle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium channels 
B)  Tip links 
C)  Spiral ligaments 
D)  Outer hair cells 
A)  Calcium channels 
B)  Tip links 
C)  Spiral ligaments 
D)  Outer hair cells

Question 16

Which ion causes depolarization in olfactory neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  Ca2+ 
C)  K+ 
D)  Both Na+ and K+ are correct. 
E)  Both Na+ and Ca2+ are correct. 
A)  Na+ 
B)  Ca2+ 
C)  K+ 
D)  Both Na+ and K+ are correct. 
E)  Both Na+ and Ca2+ are correct.

Question 17

Match the structure associated with hearing with the appropriate description.
-Auditory ossicles

Accepted Answer

A) Organ of hearing 
B) Passageway from the outside to the eardrum 
C) Interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone 
D) Tiny bones in the middle ear 
E) Connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph 
A) Organ of hearing 
B) Passageway from the outside to the eardrum 
C) Interconnecting tunnels in the temporal bone 
D) Tiny bones in the middle ear 
E) Connecting chambers of inner ear filled with endolymph

Question 18

The central olfactory cortex areas are located in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal and temporal lobes 
B)  frontal and parietal lobes 
C)  parietal and temporal lobes 
D)  temporal and occipital lobes 
A)  frontal and temporal lobes 
B)  frontal and parietal lobes 
C)  parietal and temporal lobes 
D)  temporal and occipital lobes

Question 19

Suppose there was a drug that could dramatically decrease mucus secretion. Which of the following may be a side effect of this drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased mucus secretion would also decrease a person's ability to smell due to less fluid associated with the olfactory organ. 
B)  Decreased mucus secretion would enhance a person's ability to smell due to less of a barrier between the odors and the olfactory organ. 
C)  Decreased mucus secretion would enhance a person's sense of taste due to the lack of mucus blocking access to the taste receptors. 
D)  Decreased mucus secretion would not affect a person's special senses. 
A)  Decreased mucus secretion would also decrease a person's ability to smell due to less fluid associated with the olfactory organ. 
B)  Decreased mucus secretion would enhance a person's ability to smell due to less of a barrier between the odors and the olfactory organ. 
C)  Decreased mucus secretion would enhance a person's sense of taste due to the lack of mucus blocking access to the taste receptors. 
D)  Decreased mucus secretion would not affect a person's special senses.

Question 20

Which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Iris 
B)  Retina 
C)  Optic disc 
D)  Fovea centralis 
E)  Cornea 
A)  Iris 
B)  Retina 
C)  Optic disc 
D)  Fovea centralis 
E)  Cornea

Exam 15: The Special Senses

Match the structure of the eye with the appropriate description. -Cones

Jessica is sitting in a cafe and excess lacrimal fluid is spilling over her lower palpebrae. This means that Jessica

Olfactory adaptation occurs when odorant receptors become ________.

Which tastant is NOT correctly matched with its process of depolarization?

Which structure allows upper respiratory infections to spread from the throat to the middle ear?

Increased fluid accumulation in the cornea would result in

The taste of salts results when ________ diffuses through channels leading to depolarization of the taste cell. Similarly, sour is tasted when ________ lead(s) to the depolarization of taste cells.

Arrange the following list of membranes in correct sequence in which they function during the process of hearing. (1) Tectorial membrane (2) Vestibular membrane (3) Tympanic membrane (4) Basilar membrane

You taste a sauce with the "tip of your tongue." These taste sensations would be carried via the ________ cranial nerve.

Match the structure associated with hearing with the appropriate description. -Organ of Corti

The superior olivary nucleus

Match the eye structure with the appropriate description. -Optic disc

The lacrimal glands

The correct pathway for impulses leaving the retina is

What connects the stereocilia in a hair bundle?

Which ion causes depolarization in olfactory neurons?

Match the structure associated with hearing with the appropriate description. -Auditory ossicles

The central olfactory cortex areas are located in the ________.

Suppose there was a drug that could dramatically decrease mucus secretion. Which of the following may be a side effect of this drug?

Which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic?

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The taste of salts results when diffuses through channels leading to depolarization of the taste cell. Similarly, sour is tasted when lead(s) to the depolarization of taste cells.