Question 1

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-Membrane channels may be opened or closed

Accepted Answer

A) Nuclear receptor model 
B) Membrane-bound receptor model 
A) Nuclear receptor model 
B) Membrane-bound receptor model

Question 2

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropathogen 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neurocrine 
D)  neuropeptide 
E)  neurosynthesizer 
A)  neuropathogen 
B)  neurotransmitter 
C)  neurocrine 
D)  neuropeptide 
E)  neurosynthesizer

Question 3

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by ________ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral 
A)  hormonal 
B)  neural 
C)  humoral 
D)  visceral

Question 4

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) Nucleic acid derivatives 2) Polypeptides 3) Steroids 4) Proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
E)  1, 2, 4 
A)  1, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3 
C)  2, 3, 4 
D)  1, 2, 3, 4 
E)  1, 2, 4

Question 5

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of ________ feedback.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH...

Question 6

In ________, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)  amplification 
B)  positive feedback 
C)  down-regulation 
D)  up-regulation 
A)  amplification 
B)  positive feedback 
C)  down-regulation 
D)  up-regulation

Question 7

Arrange the following events in proper sequence:
(1) The activating hormone interacts with a membrane-bound receptor.
(2) Cyclic AMP causes the cell to carry out a function characteristic for that specific hormone.
(3) Adenylyl cyclase catalyzes the transformation of ATP to cyclic AMP.
(4) Adenylyl cyclase is activated.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 4, 3, 2 
C)  3, 4, 2, 1 
D)  1, 3, 2, 4 
E)  1, 3, 4, 2 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 4, 3, 2 
C)  3, 4, 2, 1 
D)  1, 3, 2, 4 
E)  1, 3, 4, 2

Question 8

Which of the following hormones is most likely to bind to intracellular receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth hormone (GH), a complex protein 
B)  Insulin, a large peptide hormone 
C)  Aldosterone, a cholesterol-based hormone 
A)  Growth hormone (GH), a complex protein 
B)  Insulin, a large peptide hormone 
C)  Aldosterone, a cholesterol-based hormone

Question 9

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-Endocrine

Accepted Answer

A) Chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) Chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) Chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) Influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) Chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues 
A) Chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones 
B) Chemicals that act locally on nearby cells 
C) Chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal 
D) Influences same cell type from which it is secreted 
E) Chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissues

Question 10

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The length of time needed to eliminate...

Question 11

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)  IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced. 
B)  Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell. 
C)  Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form. 
D)  IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Ca2+ binds with calmodulin. 
A)  IP3 (inositol triphosphate) is produced. 
B)  Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell. 
C)  Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form. 
D)  IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
E)  Ca2+ binds with calmodulin.

Question 12

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipid-soluble 
B)  Protein 
C)  Water-soluble 
D)  Amino acid derivative 
A)  Lipid-soluble 
B)  Protein 
C)  Water-soluble 
D)  Amino acid derivative

Question 13

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Accepted Answer

A)  are secreted into the external environment where they act. 
B)  affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues. 
C)  help coordinate growth, development and reproduction. 
D)  operate primarily by positive feedback. 
A)  are secreted into the external environment where they act. 
B)  affect only non-hormone producing organs or tissues. 
C)  help coordinate growth, development and reproduction. 
D)  operate primarily by positive feedback.

Question 14

Considering the following events in the nuclear receptor model, identify which of these events occurs in the nucleus.
(1) Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA.
(2) Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins.
(3) Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm).
(4) Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5) Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 5 
B)  1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  3, 4, 5 
E)  All events occur in the nucleus. 
A)  1, 3, 5 
B)  1, 3, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  3, 4, 5 
E)  All events occur in the nucleus.

Question 15

Hormone A is a large protein composed of several polypeptides. Hormone B is a small fatty acid derivative. Which of the following statement correctly predicts the way these hormones interact with their target cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormone A would bind to a membrane-bound receptor, while hormone B would bind to an intracellular receptor. 
B)  Hormone A would bind to an intracellular receptor, while hormone B would bind to a membrane-bound receptor. 
C)  Hormone A and hormone B would bind to membrane-bound receptors. 
D)  Hormone A and hormone B would bind to intracellular receptors. 
A)  Hormone A would bind to a membrane-bound receptor, while hormone B would bind to an intracellular receptor. 
B)  Hormone A would bind to an intracellular receptor, while hormone B would bind to a membrane-bound receptor. 
C)  Hormone A and hormone B would bind to membrane-bound receptors. 
D)  Hormone A and hormone B would bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 16

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells. 
A)  in the cytoplasm of their target cells. 
B)  on the plasma membrane of their target cells. 
C)  in the lysosomes of their target cells. 
D)  on the nuclear membrane of their target cells. 
E)  on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.

Question 17

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of hormone secretion. 
B)  the identity of a hormone. 
C)  the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. 
D)  the rate of action of a hormone. 
E)  the rate of travel through the blood to a target. 
A)  the rate of hormone secretion. 
B)  the identity of a hormone. 
C)  the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body. 
D)  the rate of action of a hormone. 
E)  the rate of travel through the blood to a target.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a shared characteristic of endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretions are released through ducts onto an epithelial surface 
B)  Manufacture substances that are released from cells of the gland 
C)  Composed of epithelial tissue 
D)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  Secretions are released through ducts onto an epithelial surface 
B)  Manufacture substances that are released from cells of the gland 
C)  Composed of epithelial tissue 
D)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acute hormone secretion 
B)  Episodic hormone secretion 
C)  Chronic hormone secretion 
D)  Long-term hormone secretion 
A)  Acute hormone secretion 
B)  Episodic hormone secretion 
C)  Chronic hormone secretion 
D)  Long-term hormone secretion

Question 20

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-Intracellular mediator

Accepted Answer

A) Nuclear receptor model 
B) Membrane-bound receptor model 
A) Nuclear receptor model 
B) Membrane-bound receptor model

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -Membrane channels may be opened or closed

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a ________.

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by ________ stimuli.

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) Nucleic acid derivatives 2) Polypeptides 3) Steroids 4) Proteins

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of ________ feedback.

In ________, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Which of the following hormones is most likely to bind to intracellular receptors?

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -Endocrine

The length of time needed to eliminate half of a dose of a hormone is called its ________.

Which of the following events occurs last?

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Hormones are intercellular chemical signals that

Hormone A is a large protein composed of several polypeptides. Hormone B is a small fatty acid derivative. Which of the following statement correctly predicts the way these hormones interact with their target cells?

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Which of the following is not a shared characteristic of endocrine and exocrine glands?

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Match the description with the type of receptor model. -Intracellular mediator

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters