Question 1

Surfactant facilitates alveolar ventilation by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli. 
B)  decreasing thoracic compliance. 
C)  attracting water to the alveolar surface. 
D)  increasing the surface area for gas exchange. 
E)  increasing the surface tension between fluid and the alveoli. 
A)  decreasing the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli. 
B)  decreasing thoracic compliance. 
C)  attracting water to the alveolar surface. 
D)  increasing the surface area for gas exchange. 
E)  increasing the surface tension between fluid and the alveoli.

Question 2

With a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute and a tidal volume of 500mL, what would the minute ventilation be?

Accepted Answer

A)  500 mL per minute 
B)  41.6 mL per minute 
C)  600 mL per minute 
D)  60 liters per minute 
E)  6 liters per minute 
A)  500 mL per minute 
B)  41.6 mL per minute 
C)  600 mL per minute 
D)  60 liters per minute 
E)  6 liters per minute

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the rate of gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  The partial pressure gradient of the gases 
B)  The thickness of the respiratory membrane 
C)  The diffusion coefficient of the gases 
D)  The temperature of the gases 
E)  The surface area of the membrane 
A)  The partial pressure gradient of the gases 
B)  The thickness of the respiratory membrane 
C)  The diffusion coefficient of the gases 
D)  The temperature of the gases 
E)  The surface area of the membrane

Question 4

Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description.
-Nasopharynx

Accepted Answer

A) The floor of the nasal cavity 
B) Superior portion of pharynx 
C) A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate 
D) The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx 
E) External openings of the nasal cavity 
A) The floor of the nasal cavity 
B) Superior portion of pharynx 
C) A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate 
D) The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx 
E) External openings of the nasal cavity

Question 5

Which of the following situations would decrease the oxygenation of fetal blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in fetal hemoglobin 
B)  A decrease in maternal hemoglobin 
C)  An increase in fetal hemoglobin 
D)  A decrease in binding affinity of maternal hemoglobin 
A)  A decrease in fetal hemoglobin 
B)  A decrease in maternal hemoglobin 
C)  An increase in fetal hemoglobin 
D)  A decrease in binding affinity of maternal hemoglobin

Question 6

Which of the following functions is associated with the nose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Initiating the cough reflex 
B)  Systemic respiration 
C)  Warming inhaled air 
D)  Producing mucus to trap debris from the air 
E)  Both "Warming inhaled air" and "Producing mucus to trap debris from the air" are correct. 
A)  Initiating the cough reflex 
B)  Systemic respiration 
C)  Warming inhaled air 
D)  Producing mucus to trap debris from the air 
E)  Both "Warming inhaled air" and "Producing mucus to trap debris from the air" are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning thoracic volume is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  As thoracic volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) increases. 
B)  In expiration, the thoracic volume increases. 
C)  Constriction of bronchioles assists breathing. 
D)  As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases. 
E)  Pressure is directly proportional to volume. 
A)  As thoracic volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) increases. 
B)  In expiration, the thoracic volume increases. 
C)  Constriction of bronchioles assists breathing. 
D)  As alveolar volume increases, alveolar pressure (Palv) decreases. 
E)  Pressure is directly proportional to volume.

Question 8

Which of the following molecules acts as a buffer during the chloride shift?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  Hemoglobin 
C)  Carbonic anhydrase 
D)  Water 
E)  Bicarbonate ion 
A)  CO2 
B)  Hemoglobin 
C)  Carbonic anhydrase 
D)  Water 
E)  Bicarbonate ion

Question 9

Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description.
-External nares

Accepted Answer

A) The floor of the nasal cavity 
B) Superior portion of pharynx 
C) A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate 
D) The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx 
E) External openings of the nasal cavity 
A) The floor of the nasal cavity 
B) Superior portion of pharynx 
C) A soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate 
D) The opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx 
E) External openings of the nasal cavity

Question 10

Expiration during quiet breathing

Accepted Answer

A)  is an active process. 
B)  requires more muscle contractions than inspiration. 
C)  is due to contraction of the diaphragm and elevation of the ribs. 
D)  occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax. 
E)  is not affected by the elastic properties of the lungs. 
A)  is an active process. 
B)  requires more muscle contractions than inspiration. 
C)  is due to contraction of the diaphragm and elevation of the ribs. 
D)  occurs when the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax. 
E)  is not affected by the elastic properties of the lungs.

Question 11

Use the following key to determine the best answer.
-(1) PO2 in alveolar air
(2) PO2 in venous blood

Accepted Answer

A) First item is greater than the second item. 
B) First item is less than the second item. 
C) First item is equal or nearly equal to the second item. 
A) First item is greater than the second item. 
B) First item is less than the second item. 
C) First item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.

Question 12

Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description.
-Decrease in body temperature

Accepted Answer

A) Destruction of the alveolar walls 
B) Inflammation of the bronchi 
C) Inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs 
D) Replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue 
E) Infant stops breathing during sleep 
A) Destruction of the alveolar walls 
B) Inflammation of the bronchi 
C) Inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs 
D) Replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue 
E) Infant stops breathing during sleep

Question 13

Whenever people cry, their nose runs. This is because the ________ drain tears into the nose.

Accepted Answer

A)  nasolacrimal ducts 
B)  paranasal sinuses 
C)  lacrimal glands 
D)  Wharton's ducts 
E)  auditory tube 
A)  nasolacrimal ducts 
B)  paranasal sinuses 
C)  lacrimal glands 
D)  Wharton's ducts 
E)  auditory tube

Question 14

The portion of the pharynx that extends from the internal nares to the level of the uvula is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glottis 
B)  nasopharynx 
C)  oropharynx 
D)  laryngopharynx 
E)  glottopharynx 
A)  glottis 
B)  nasopharynx 
C)  oropharynx 
D)  laryngopharynx 
E)  glottopharynx

Question 15

The respiratory zone of the tracheobronchial tree includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea 
B)  Alveoli 
C)  Primary bronchi 
D)  Larynx 
E)  Tertiary bronchi 
A)  Trachea 
B)  Alveoli 
C)  Primary bronchi 
D)  Larynx 
E)  Tertiary bronchi

Question 16

Which of the following structures opens directly into the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paranasal sinuses 
B)  Auditory tubes 
C)  Lacrimal glands 
D)  Fauces 
E)  Epiglottis 
A)  Paranasal sinuses 
B)  Auditory tubes 
C)  Lacrimal glands 
D)  Fauces 
E)  Epiglottis

Question 17

Which of the following muscles increases the volume of the thorax during a normal inhalation?
(1) Diaphragm
(2) External intercostals
(3) Internal intercostals
(4) Rectus abdominis

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3 
D)  2, 4 
E)  3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3 
D)  2, 4 
E)  3, 4

Question 18

When the inspiratory muscles contract,

Accepted Answer

A)  thoracic volume increases. 
B)  pleural pressure increases. 
C)  the alveolar pressure increases. 
D)  expiration occurs. 
E)  thoracic volume decreases. 
A)  thoracic volume increases. 
B)  pleural pressure increases. 
C)  the alveolar pressure increases. 
D)  expiration occurs. 
E)  thoracic volume decreases.

Question 19

During expiration, the alveolar pressure must be

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than atmospheric pressure. 
B)  less than atmospheric pressure. 
C)  equal to atmospheric pressure. 
D)  greater than pleural pressure. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  greater than atmospheric pressure. 
B)  less than atmospheric pressure. 
C)  equal to atmospheric pressure. 
D)  greater than pleural pressure. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 20

The chemosensitive area of the brain is located in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pons 
B)  cerebral peduncles 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  medulla oblongata 
A)  pons 
B)  cerebral peduncles 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  hypothalamus 
E)  medulla oblongata

Exam 23: Respiratory System

Surfactant facilitates alveolar ventilation by

With a respiratory rate of 12 breaths per minute and a tidal volume of 500mL, what would the minute ventilation be?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the rate of gas diffusion through the respiratory membrane?

Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description. -Nasopharynx

Which of the following situations would decrease the oxygenation of fetal blood?

Which of the following functions is associated with the nose?

Which of the following statements concerning thoracic volume is true?

Which of the following molecules acts as a buffer during the chloride shift?

Match the term with the appropriate description. Answer with the letter preceding the description. -External nares

Expiration during quiet breathing

Use the following key to determine the best answer. -(1) PO2 in alveolar air (2) PO2 in venous blood

Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description. -Decrease in body temperature

Whenever people cry, their nose runs. This is because the ________ drain tears into the nose.

The portion of the pharynx that extends from the internal nares to the level of the uvula is the ________.

The respiratory zone of the tracheobronchial tree includes which of the following?

Which of the following structures opens directly into the nasal cavity?

Which of the following muscles increases the volume of the thorax during a normal inhalation? (1) Diaphragm (2) External intercostals (3) Internal intercostals (4) Rectus abdominis

When the inspiratory muscles contract,

During expiration, the alveolar pressure must be

The chemosensitive area of the brain is located in the ________.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

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Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

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Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

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Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

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Filters

Use the following key to determine the best answer. -(1) PO₂ in alveolar air (2) PO₂ in venous blood