Question 1

Only autosomal trisomies involving chromosomes 13, 18, and 21 are survivable. Why would this be?

Accepted Answer

A)  These are relatively short chromosomes. 
B)  These are relatively long chromosomes. 
C)  These are relatively gene-poor chromosomes. 
D)  These are redundant chromosomes. 
E)  These chromosomes have no genes. 
A)  These are relatively short chromosomes. 
B)  These are relatively long chromosomes. 
C)  These are relatively gene-poor chromosomes. 
D)  These are redundant chromosomes. 
E)  These chromosomes have no genes.

Question 2

The common junction of the digestive, urinary, and genital systems is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cloaca 
B)  coelom 
C)  allantois 
D)  hindgut 
E)  anus 
A)  cloaca 
B)  coelom 
C)  allantois 
D)  hindgut 
E)  anus

Question 3

Which of the following characterizes the developmental age of an eight-month-old infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sits without support 
B)  Rolls from its back to its side 
C)  Smiles in response to people's faces 
D)  Pulls itself up to a standing position 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  Sits without support 
B)  Rolls from its back to its side 
C)  Smiles in response to people's faces 
D)  Pulls itself up to a standing position 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the syncytiotrophoblast is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It forms the developing embryo. 
B)  It is composed of a nondividing, multinucleated cell. 
C)  It is nonantigenic, so that it triggers no immune response. 
D)  It invades the maternal tissues that compose the endometrium of the uterus. 
E)  It forms lacunae. 
A)  It forms the developing embryo. 
B)  It is composed of a nondividing, multinucleated cell. 
C)  It is nonantigenic, so that it triggers no immune response. 
D)  It invades the maternal tissues that compose the endometrium of the uterus. 
E)  It forms lacunae.

Question 5

A different form of an allele at a particular locus that can have no effect to major effects on the phenotype is a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  allelic variant 
B)  mutated allele 
C)  polymorphism 
D)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  allelic variant 
B)  mutated allele 
C)  polymorphism 
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

A cleft lip results when

Accepted Answer

A)  the two halves of the secondary palate do not fuse. 
B)  the frontonasal and maxillary processes do not fuse. 
C)  the lateral edges of the nasal placodes do not fuse with the maxillary processes. 
D)  the maxillary processes do not fuse with the mandibular processes. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  the two halves of the secondary palate do not fuse. 
B)  the frontonasal and maxillary processes do not fuse. 
C)  the lateral edges of the nasal placodes do not fuse with the maxillary processes. 
D)  the maxillary processes do not fuse with the mandibular processes. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a ________ mutation.

Accepted Answer

A)  deletion 
B)  duplication 
C)  nondisjunction 
D)  point 
E)  aneuploidy 
A)  deletion 
B)  duplication 
C)  nondisjunction 
D)  point 
E)  aneuploidy

Question 8

Which of the following major events of prenatal development happens first?

Accepted Answer

A)  The eyes are fully open. 
B)  The body is covered with lanugo. 
C)  Bone calcification begins. 
D)  The central nervous system begins to form. 
E)  Meconium accumulates in the intestines. 
A)  The eyes are fully open. 
B)  The body is covered with lanugo. 
C)  Bone calcification begins. 
D)  The central nervous system begins to form. 
E)  Meconium accumulates in the intestines.

Question 9

The eyes develop as evaginations from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  myelencephalon 
B)  mesencephalon 
C)  neural crest cells 
D)  diencephalon 
E)  telencephalon 
A)  myelencephalon 
B)  mesencephalon 
C)  neural crest cells 
D)  diencephalon 
E)  telencephalon

Question 10

Gastrulation is the process of development that produces the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  placenta 
B)  embryonic disk 
C)  germ layers 
D)  rudimentary organs 
A)  placenta 
B)  embryonic disk 
C)  germ layers 
D)  rudimentary organs

Question 11

When the dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of the recessive allele in the heterozygote, it is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dominance 
B)  polygenic dominance 
C)  codominance 
D)  incomplete dominance 
E)  corecessive 
A)  dominance 
B)  polygenic dominance 
C)  codominance 
D)  incomplete dominance 
E)  corecessive

Question 12

One reason for the increased incidence of cancer with aging is a decrease in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  urine output 
B)  cardiac output 
C)  red blood cells 
D)  functioning of T lymphocytes 
E)  functioning neutrophils 
A)  urine output 
B)  cardiac output 
C)  red blood cells 
D)  functioning of T lymphocytes 
E)  functioning neutrophils

Question 13

Mendel suggested that gene pairs segregate during gamete formation. This process occurs during ________ of meiosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase I 
B)  anaphase II 
C)  metaphase I 
D)  metaphase II 
A)  anaphase I 
B)  anaphase II 
C)  metaphase I 
D)  metaphase II

Question 14

The major organ systems develop during the germinal prenatal period.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following conditions might result in stress on a fetus that has nearly completed 9 months of fetal development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Placental growth greater than fetal growth 
B)  Cramped quarters in the uterus 
C)  Increased O2 supply to the fetus 
D)  Excessive weight gain by the mother 
E)  Hormone fluctuations 
A)  Placental growth greater than fetal growth 
B)  Cramped quarters in the uterus 
C)  Increased O2 supply to the fetus 
D)  Excessive weight gain by the mother 
E)  Hormone fluctuations

Question 16

Which germ layer are the bones (except facial) derived from?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ectoderm 
B)  Mesoderm 
C)  Endoderm 
A)  Ectoderm 
B)  Mesoderm 
C)  Endoderm

Question 17

In males, the urogenital folds close over the urogenital opening and urethral groove to form the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  scrotum 
B)  testes 
C)  vas deferens 
D)  penis 
E)  prostate gland 
A)  scrotum 
B)  testes 
C)  vas deferens 
D)  penis 
E)  prostate gland

Question 18

One component of brain death is defined as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of reflexes. 
B)  lack of spontaneous movement. 
C)  a flat electroencephalogram (EEG). 
A)  loss of reflexes. 
B)  lack of spontaneous movement. 
C)  a flat electroencephalogram (EEG).

Question 19

Which of the following is not a reason muscular weakness tends to develop in old age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aged muscle has less glycogen, myoglobin, and creatine phosphate. 
B)  There are fewer motor neurons in the spinal cord. 
C)  Aged muscle fibers have fewer myofibrils. 
D)  There are fewer and smaller mitochondria in aged muscle. 
E)  The muscle fibers of aged muscle no longer synthesize myosin. 
A)  Aged muscle has less glycogen, myoglobin, and creatine phosphate. 
B)  There are fewer motor neurons in the spinal cord. 
C)  Aged muscle fibers have fewer myofibrils. 
D)  There are fewer and smaller mitochondria in aged muscle. 
E)  The muscle fibers of aged muscle no longer synthesize myosin.

Question 20

An APGAR score of ________ is considered normal at 1 to 5 minutes after birth.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  9 
D)  12 
E)  25 
A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  9 
D)  12 
E)  25

Exam 29: Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Only autosomal trisomies involving chromosomes 13, 18, and 21 are survivable. Why would this be?

The common junction of the digestive, urinary, and genital systems is the ________.

Which of the following characterizes the developmental age of an eight-month-old infant?

Which of the following statements about the syncytiotrophoblast is false?

A different form of an allele at a particular locus that can have no effect to major effects on the phenotype is a/an ________.

A cleft lip results when

A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a ________ mutation.

Which of the following major events of prenatal development happens first?

The eyes develop as evaginations from the ________.

Gastrulation is the process of development that produces the ________.

When the dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of the recessive allele in the heterozygote, it is called ________.

One reason for the increased incidence of cancer with aging is a decrease in ________.

Mendel suggested that gene pairs segregate during gamete formation. This process occurs during ________ of meiosis.

The major organ systems develop during the germinal prenatal period.

Which of the following conditions might result in stress on a fetus that has nearly completed 9 months of fetal development?

Which germ layer are the bones (except facial) derived from?

In males, the urogenital folds close over the urogenital opening and urethral groove to form the ________.

One component of brain death is defined as ________.

Which of the following is not a reason muscular weakness tends to develop in old age?

An APGAR score of ________ is considered normal at 1 to 5 minutes after birth.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

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