Exam 6: Ethics, Economics, and Sustainable Development

Which of the following is an assumption of neoclassical economics?

Natural wilderness should be protected as is, regardless of the needs of humans, is an example of the __________________ point of view.

Which one of the following is an ecosystem service?

Describe the ways in which a nation's attitude toward environmental issues might be shaped by economics, culture and religion, political ideology, and laws.

Conservationist who advocated protection of nature for its beauty and usefulness; founder of the U.S. Forest Service

__________________ involves the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

In general, environmentalists believe that governments should ______________

Briefly describe the Cornucopian and Cassandran economic positions relative to their environmental views.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Burning fossil fuels and their derivatives produces, among other things, harmful pollutants such as particulates, acid rain -producing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides. These air pollutants threaten ecosystems all over the world, and high carbon dioxide levels contribute to global warming. Furthermore, fossils fuels have a limited supply. The market price of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, has continued to rise in recent years. Despite this, Americans continue to consume fossil fuels at alarming rates and rely upon them for most of energy needs. At various times, the federal government has considered mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for American vehicles as a possible solution to this environmental energy crisis. Most auto manufacturers, however, are opposed to the imposition of standards. -Which of the following would contribute to a rapid increase in crude oil prices?

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Burning fossil fuels and their derivatives produces, among other things, harmful pollutants such as particulates, acid rain -producing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides. These air pollutants threaten ecosystems all over the world, and high carbon dioxide levels contribute to global warming. Furthermore, fossils fuels have a limited supply. The market price of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, has continued to rise in recent years. Despite this, Americans continue to consume fossil fuels at alarming rates and rely upon them for most of energy needs. At various times, the federal government has considered mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for American vehicles as a possible solution to this environmental energy crisis. Most auto manufacturers, however, are opposed to the imposition of standards. -Which of the following is an example of greenwashing?

A(n) ______________ is best defined as one who evaluates an action based on its impact on human health, economic costs and benefits, and aesthetic concerns.

American transcendentalist writer who viewed nature as a direct manifestation of the divine

__________________ is best defined as the study of how we decide to use scarce resources in the face of demand.

"If domestic fuel prices rise to $5 per gallon, growth will slow significantly and our quality of life will decline." This philosophy is consistent with _______________ economics.

GPI is an acronym for __________________.

Which of the following includes volunteer work and damage from pollution in a country's goods and services?

________________ believe that within a market economy, economic sustainability is achieved through reduction of growth and by more efficient resource use.

__________________ is the American school of philosophy exemplified by Thoreau and Whitman which saw natural entities as symbols or messengers of deeper spiritual truth.

Accounting for nonmarket values of ecosystem services may help us make better environmental and economic decisions. Identify, briefly describe, and give examples of these nonmarket values.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Burning fossil fuels and their derivatives produces, among other things, harmful pollutants such as particulates, acid rain -producing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides. These air pollutants threaten ecosystems all over the world, and high carbon dioxide levels contribute to global warming. Furthermore, fossils fuels have a limited supply. The market price of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, has continued to rise in recent years. Despite this, Americans continue to consume fossil fuels at alarming rates and rely upon them for most of energy needs. At various times, the federal government has considered mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for American vehicles as a possible solution to this environmental energy crisis. Most auto manufacturers, however, are opposed to the imposition of standards. -Why would the consumption of fossils fuels remain high, despite high prices?