Exam 6: Ethics, Economics, and Sustainable Development

______________ encourages more sustainable business practices.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Burning fossil fuels and their derivatives produces, among other things, harmful pollutants such as particulates, acid rain -producing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides. These air pollutants threaten ecosystems all over the world, and high carbon dioxide levels contribute to global warming. Furthermore, fossils fuels have a limited supply. The market price of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, has continued to rise in recent years. Despite this, Americans continue to consume fossil fuels at alarming rates and rely upon them for most of energy needs. At various times, the federal government has considered mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for American vehicles as a possible solution to this environmental energy crisis. Most auto manufacturers, however, are opposed to the imposition of standards. -Contingent valuation __________________

Californian ecocentrist and anthropocentrist who argued that we should protect America's natural environment in its pristine, unaltered state

______________ advocate for steady- state economies because they believe that Earth's natural systems generally operate in self- renewing cycles that can be "tapped" sustainably.

Gross domestic product is ________________

Compare and contrast the philosophies of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot.

External costs include ______________

Forest ranger in Arizona and New Mexico in the early 1900s who advocated preservation of nature's integrity. He wrote, "to keep every cog and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering."

Aldo Leopold's "Land Ethic" essay ______________.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Burning fossil fuels and their derivatives produces, among other things, harmful pollutants such as particulates, acid rain -producing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides. These air pollutants threaten ecosystems all over the world, and high carbon dioxide levels contribute to global warming. Furthermore, fossils fuels have a limited supply. The market price of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, has continued to rise in recent years. Despite this, Americans continue to consume fossil fuels at alarming rates and rely upon them for most of energy needs. At various times, the federal government has considered mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for American vehicles as a possible solution to this environmental energy crisis. Most auto manufacturers, however, are opposed to the imposition of standards. -What alternative measure might the government take to aid in the fossil fuel crisis?

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Burning fossil fuels and their derivatives produces, among other things, harmful pollutants such as particulates, acid rain -producing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides. These air pollutants threaten ecosystems all over the world, and high carbon dioxide levels contribute to global warming. Furthermore, fossils fuels have a limited supply. The market price of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, has continued to rise in recent years. Despite this, Americans continue to consume fossil fuels at alarming rates and rely upon them for most of energy needs. At various times, the federal government has considered mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for American vehicles as a possible solution to this environmental energy crisis. Most auto manufacturers, however, are opposed to the imposition of standards. -What measure(s)might consumers take to aid in the fossil fuel crisis?

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below. Burning fossil fuels and their derivatives produces, among other things, harmful pollutants such as particulates, acid rain -producing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides. These air pollutants threaten ecosystems all over the world, and high carbon dioxide levels contribute to global warming. Furthermore, fossils fuels have a limited supply. The market price of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, has continued to rise in recent years. Despite this, Americans continue to consume fossil fuels at alarming rates and rely upon them for most of energy needs. At various times, the federal government has considered mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for American vehicles as a possible solution to this environmental energy crisis. Most auto manufacturers, however, are opposed to the imposition of standards. -__________________ would oppose fuel efficiency standards because they believe that we will either find more oil or find an alternative solution to the fossil fuel crisis.

Cassandras are __________________

__________________ refers to meeting the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

__________________ has/have a high Happy Planet Index score and a small per capita ecological footprint.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Burning fossil fuels and their derivatives produces, among other things, harmful pollutants such as particulates, acid rain -producing sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and carbon oxides. These air pollutants threaten ecosystems all over the world, and high carbon dioxide levels contribute to global warming. Furthermore, fossils fuels have a limited supply. The market price of fossil fuels, especially crude oil, has continued to rise in recent years. Despite this, Americans continue to consume fossil fuels at alarming rates and rely upon them for most of energy needs. At various times, the federal government has considered mandating higher fuel efficiency standards for American vehicles as a possible solution to this environmental energy crisis. Most auto manufacturers, however, are opposed to the imposition of standards. -What factor might lead to more political support for higher fuel- efficiency standards?

______________ is best defined as the knowledge, beliefs, values, and learned ways of life shared by a group of people.

Proposed the categorical imperative, which advocates treating others as you would wish to be treated

The GPI for the United States ________________

Modern market economies generally do not address __________________