Question 1

The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) primarily caused by topsoil erosion 
B) affected by rainfall, freezing, and thawing 
C) unaffected by winds 
D) called mineralization 
E) a major cause of topsoil erosion 
A) primarily caused by topsoil erosion 
B) affected by rainfall, freezing, and thawing 
C) unaffected by winds 
D) called mineralization 
E) a major cause of topsoil erosion

Question 2

Leaching _______________

Accepted Answer

A) adds nutrients to soil naturally 
B) removes water- soluble nutrients from soil 
C) can help plant growth only if done properly 
D) is caused by movement of water upward through soil from the water table 
E) is a common agricultural practice to improve soil 
A) adds nutrients to soil naturally 
B) removes water- soluble nutrients from soil 
C) can help plant growth only if done properly 
D) is caused by movement of water upward through soil from the water table 
E) is a common agricultural practice to improve soil

Question 3

A cross section of soil, from surface to bedrock

Accepted Answer

A) E horizon 
B) soil 
C) dirt 
D) A horizon 
E) horizon
F)intercropping
G)shelterbelts
H)rangeland
I)parent material
J)profile 
A) E horizon 
B) soil 
C) dirt 
D) A horizon 
E) horizon
F)intercropping
G)shelterbelts
H)rangeland
I)parent material
J)profile

Question 4

Read the following scenario and answer the questions below.
Early People and Agricultural Beginnings
Long ago, two sisters were talking as they returned from their morning trip to collect mushrooms, seeds, berries, and green leaves for the day's meals. The younger woman was watching the progress of a small rabbit as it hopped across the path and toward the clan's trash midden (refuse heap), where broken tools (made of bone, stone, or shell)were tossed, and where discarded food was thrown. She noticed the rabbit stop and begin nibbling at the many new, green shoots sprouting across one side of the midden. She walked over to look, and she saw that some of last year's discarded dried fruits were growing. Surprised and interested, she called her sister over to discuss this find.
-This is the story of a group whose food _____________

Accepted Answer

A) is traded between tribes for variety 
B) is supplied by hunters and gatherers 
C) is supplied by subsistence gardening 
D) is raised in a form of primitive agriculture 
E) is supplied by hunters 
A) is traded between tribes for variety 
B) is supplied by hunters and gatherers 
C) is supplied by subsistence gardening 
D) is raised in a form of primitive agriculture 
E) is supplied by hunters

Question 5

Compaction of soil in a garden harms plants by _______________

Accepted Answer

A) decreasing aeration, increasing infiltration, and decreasing runoff 
B) increasing aeration, increasing infiltration, and decreasing runoff 
C) decreasing aeration, decreasing infiltration, and increasing runoff 
D) increasing aeration, decreasing infiltration, and increasing runoff 
A) decreasing aeration, increasing infiltration, and decreasing runoff 
B) increasing aeration, increasing infiltration, and decreasing runoff 
C) decreasing aeration, decreasing infiltration, and increasing runoff 
D) increasing aeration, decreasing infiltration, and increasing runoff

Question 6

Discuss the practices used by farmers to protect their soils.

Accepted Answer

There are numerous practices used by far

Question 7

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Early People and Agricultural Beginnings
Long ago, two sisters were talking as they returned from their morning trip to collect mushrooms, seeds, berries, and green leaves for the day's meals. The younger woman was watching the progress of a small rabbit as it hopped across the path and toward the clan's trash midden (refuse heap), where broken tools (made of bone, stone, or shell)were tossed, and where discarded food was thrown. She noticed the rabbit stop and begin nibbling at the many new, green shoots sprouting across one side of the midden. She walked over to look, and she saw that some of last year's discarded dried fruits were growing. Surprised and interested, she called her sister over to discuss this find.
-Twenty years have passed since the young woman first noticed seeds sprouting in the midden. Which of the following could now be true?

Accepted Answer

A) The group had been sedentary but was now nomadic, looking for good places to settle for a season and grow crops. 
B) The group had been traders in stone tools and were now traders in simple agricultural implements and seeds. 
C) The group had been nomadic, moving frequently to gather wild foods and hunt, but are now more sedentary, growing crops. 
D) The group had been quite large and ate a great deal of meat, but there were now fewer of them since their diet consisted mostly of vegetables. 
E) The group had been very warlike and were now more peaceful, tending their lands. 
A) The group had been sedentary but was now nomadic, looking for good places to settle for a season and grow crops. 
B) The group had been traders in stone tools and were now traders in simple agricultural implements and seeds. 
C) The group had been nomadic, moving frequently to gather wild foods and hunt, but are now more sedentary, growing crops. 
D) The group had been quite large and ate a great deal of meat, but there were now fewer of them since their diet consisted mostly of vegetables. 
E) The group had been very warlike and were now more peaceful, tending their lands.

Question 8

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Early People and Agricultural Beginnings
Long ago, two sisters were talking as they returned from their morning trip to collect mushrooms, seeds, berries, and green leaves for the day's meals. The younger woman was watching the progress of a small rabbit as it hopped across the path and toward the clan's trash midden (refuse heap), where broken tools (made of bone, stone, or shell)were tossed, and where discarded food was thrown. She noticed the rabbit stop and begin nibbling at the many new, green shoots sprouting across one side of the midden. She walked over to look, and she saw that some of last year's discarded dried fruits were growing. Surprised and interested, she called her sister over to discuss this find.
-These people likely lived _________________

Accepted Answer

A) at least 200,000 to 250,000 years ago 
B) about 100 to 300 years ago 
C) about 1000 to 2000 years ago 
D) about 10,000 years ago 
E) at least 500,000 years ago 
A) at least 200,000 to 250,000 years ago 
B) about 100 to 300 years ago 
C) about 1000 to 2000 years ago 
D) about 10,000 years ago 
E) at least 500,000 years ago

Question 9

The results of the overapplication of fertilization can include _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) very large fruits and vegetables 
B) large crop yields per acre 
C) crops spreading rapidly into nearby areas 
D) eutrophication in nearby waters 
E) very fertile soils in future years 
A) very large fruits and vegetables 
B) large crop yields per acre 
C) crops spreading rapidly into nearby areas 
D) eutrophication in nearby waters 
E) very fertile soils in future years

Question 10

Describe the Dust Bowl and the lesson learned.

Accepted Answer

Homesteaders cultivated the native prair

Question 11

Briefly describe the successes of the Malpai Borderlands restoration project.

Accepted Answer

The Malpai Project seeks to restore the

Question 12

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-The O horizon is _____________

Accepted Answer

A) composed primarily of bedrock 
B) primarily composed of organic materials 
C) composed of equal amounts of bedrock and organic material 
D) primarily loam 
E) usually more sand than silt or clay 
A) composed primarily of bedrock 
B) primarily composed of organic materials 
C) composed of equal amounts of bedrock and organic material 
D) primarily loam 
E) usually more sand than silt or clay

Question 13

Lands used for grazing livestock

Accepted Answer

A) E horizon 
B) soil 
C) dirt 
D) A horizon 
E) horizon
F)intercropping
G)shelterbelts
H)rangeland
I)parent material
J)profile 
A) E horizon 
B) soil 
C) dirt 
D) A horizon 
E) horizon
F)intercropping
G)shelterbelts
H)rangeland
I)parent material
J)profile

Question 14

Factors involved in soil formation include _____________

Accepted Answer

A) weathering of parent material and the addition of organic material 
B) nitrogen- fixing bacteria and grazing by herbivores 
C) seasonal changes in the tides 
D) tropical climate, acid precipitation, and frequent wildfires 
E) erosion, level terrain, and the absence of rooted vegetation 
A) weathering of parent material and the addition of organic material 
B) nitrogen- fixing bacteria and grazing by herbivores 
C) seasonal changes in the tides 
D) tropical climate, acid precipitation, and frequent wildfires 
E) erosion, level terrain, and the absence of rooted vegetation

Question 15

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Early People and Agricultural Beginnings
Long ago, two sisters were talking as they returned from their morning trip to collect mushrooms, seeds, berries, and green leaves for the day's meals. The younger woman was watching the progress of a small rabbit as it hopped across the path and toward the clan's trash midden (refuse heap), where broken tools (made of bone, stone, or shell)were tossed, and where discarded food was thrown. She noticed the rabbit stop and begin nibbling at the many new, green shoots sprouting across one side of the midden. She walked over to look, and she saw that some of last year's discarded dried fruits were growing. Surprised and interested, she called her sister over to discuss this find.
-Two thousand years after our story began, it is likely that _______________

Accepted Answer

A) the group has returned to a simpler hunter- gatherer society; farming was too much work for such small return 
B) primitive versions of weed killers are now in common use 
C) the group is still farming, but there are very few people now 
D) a few very wealthy farmers control the village economy 
E) the group has begun domesticating animals for food, to work the fields, and as companions 
A) the group has returned to a simpler hunter- gatherer society; farming was too much work for such small return 
B) primitive versions of weed killers are now in common use 
C) the group is still farming, but there are very few people now 
D) a few very wealthy farmers control the village economy 
E) the group has begun domesticating animals for food, to work the fields, and as companions

Question 16

We lose 5 to 7 million hectares of productive cropland per year to _______________

Accepted Answer

A) forest replanting and regeneration 
B) abandonment, feralization, and other factors 
C) recreational land use 
D) soil degradation 
E) soil conservation efforts 
A) forest replanting and regeneration 
B) abandonment, feralization, and other factors 
C) recreational land use 
D) soil degradation 
E) soil conservation efforts

Question 17

The lesson learned by Arliss and Todd Nielsen on their Iowa farm is that _______________

Accepted Answer

A) removing all weeds is essential for highest crop yields 
B) plowing in the winter increases soil fertility and crop yield 
C) crop yields are much lower using polyculture 
D) erosion and soil nutrient losses are reduced with no- till agriculture 
E) global climate change is producing desertification in Iowa 
A) removing all weeds is essential for highest crop yields 
B) plowing in the winter increases soil fertility and crop yield 
C) crop yields are much lower using polyculture 
D) erosion and soil nutrient losses are reduced with no- till agriculture 
E) global climate change is producing desertification in Iowa

Question 18

More than half the _______________ in the United States and Canada has/have been lost to urban and agricultural development, but the recent _______________ subsidizes landowners to restore or protect remaining areas.

Accepted Answer

A) wetlands; Wetlands Reserve Program 
B) marshes; Malaria Eradication Act 
C) swamps; Swamp Lands Acts 
D) biodiversity; Agricultural Biodiversity Trust 
E) cropland; Cropland Reserve Program 
A) wetlands; Wetlands Reserve Program 
B) marshes; Malaria Eradication Act 
C) swamps; Swamp Lands Acts 
D) biodiversity; Agricultural Biodiversity Trust 
E) cropland; Cropland Reserve Program

Question 19

Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because _______________

Accepted Answer

A) the irrigation water washes away soil leaving behind concentrated salts 
B) many of the plants grown in these regions excrete salts into the soil 
C) salts are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates 
D) irrigation is typically used in areas where windblown salts from sea spray can accumulate when the protective vegetation is removed 
E) shortages of fresh water require the use of saltwater for irrigation 
A) the irrigation water washes away soil leaving behind concentrated salts 
B) many of the plants grown in these regions excrete salts into the soil 
C) salts are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates 
D) irrigation is typically used in areas where windblown salts from sea spray can accumulate when the protective vegetation is removed 
E) shortages of fresh water require the use of saltwater for irrigation

Question 20

_______________ is the buildup of salts in soils as a result of overirrigation.

Accepted Answer

A) Salinization 
B) Leaching 
C) Evaporation 
D) Erosion 
E) Weathering 
A) Salinization 
B) Leaching 
C) Evaporation 
D) Erosion 
E) Weathering

The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is _______________.

Leaching _______________

A cross section of soil, from surface to bedrock

Compaction of soil in a garden harms plants by _______________

Discuss the practices used by farmers to protect their soils.

The results of the overapplication of fertilization can include _______________.

Describe the Dust Bowl and the lesson learned.

Briefly describe the successes of the Malpai Borderlands restoration project.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -The O horizon is _____________

Lands used for grazing livestock

Factors involved in soil formation include _____________

We lose 5 to 7 million hectares of productive cropland per year to _______________

The lesson learned by Arliss and Todd Nielsen on their Iowa farm is that _______________

More than half the _ in the United States and Canada has/have been lost to urban and agricultural development, but the recent _ subsidizes landowners to restore or protect remaining areas.

Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because _______________

_______________ is the buildup of salts in soils as a result of overirrigation.

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Earths Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Environmental Systems and Ecosystem Ecology

Ethics, Economics, and Sustainable Development

Environmental Policy: Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Human Population

Agriculture, Biotechnology, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Freshwater Systems and Resources

Marine and Coastal Systems and Resources

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Fossil Fuels, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Conventional Energy Alternatives

New Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

Minerals and Mining

Sustainable Solutions

Filters

Exam 9: Soil and Agriculture

The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is _______________.

Leaching _______________

A cross section of soil, from surface to bedrock

Compaction of soil in a garden harms plants by _______________

Discuss the practices used by farmers to protect their soils.

The results of the overapplication of fertilization can include _______________.

Describe the Dust Bowl and the lesson learned.

Briefly describe the successes of the Malpai Borderlands restoration project.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -The O horizon is _____________

Lands used for grazing livestock

Factors involved in soil formation include _____________

We lose 5 to 7 million hectares of productive cropland per year to _______________

The lesson learned by Arliss and Todd Nielsen on their Iowa farm is that _______________

More than half the _______________ in the United States and Canada has/have been lost to urban and agricultural development, but the recent _______________ subsidizes landowners to restore or protect remaining areas.

Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because _______________

_______________ is the buildup of salts in soils as a result of overirrigation.

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Earths Physical Systems: Matter, Energy, and Geology

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Environmental Systems and Ecosystem Ecology

Ethics, Economics, and Sustainable Development

Environmental Policy: Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Human Population

Agriculture, Biotechnology, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Freshwater Systems and Resources

Marine and Coastal Systems and Resources

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Fossil Fuels, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Conventional Energy Alternatives

New Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

Minerals and Mining

Sustainable Solutions

Filters

More than half the _ in the United States and Canada has/have been lost to urban and agricultural development, but the recent _ subsidizes landowners to restore or protect remaining areas.