Questions refer to Table 11-2. In this study, 10 children completed a survey regarding their impressions of smokers at age 8 and then again at age 10 and 12. Scores could range from 1 (extreme negative impression of smokers) to 20 (extreme positive impression of smokers). Table 11-2 $\begin{array} { c c c c c } \text { GROUP } & \mathrm { N } & \text { MEAN } & \text { STD DEV } & \text { STD ERROR } \\ 1 \text { (AGE 8) } & 10 & 9.70 & 5.89 & 1.86 \\ 2 \text { (AGE 10) } & 10 & 10.40 & 5.58 & 1.76 \\ 3 \text { (AGE 12) } & 10 & 11.80 & 5.94 & 1.88 \end{array}$ ONEWAY ANOVA: SMOKING by AGE (CORR SAMP) $\begin{array} { l c c c r r } & \text { SUM OF } & \text { MEAN } & & \\ \text { SOURCE } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { DF } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { F RATIO } & \text { PROB. } \\ \text { AGE } & 22.87 & 2 & 11.43 & 6.76 & .006 \\ \text { SUBJECTS } & 879.63 & 9 & 97.74 & 34.71 & .000 \\ \text { WITHIN CELLS } & 30.47 & 18 & 1.69 & & \\ \text { TOTAL } & 932.97 & 29 & & & \end{array}$ POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05 * Indicates significant differences shown for pairings $\begin{array} { l l l } \mathrm { G } & \mathrm { G } & \mathrm { G } \\ \mathrm { r } & \mathrm { r } & \mathrm { r } \\ \mathrm { p } & \mathrm { p } & \mathrm { p } \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{ll} \text { Mean } & \mathrm{AGE}\\ 9.70 & \text { Grp } 1 \\ 10.40 & \text { Grp 2 } \\ 11.80 & \text { Grp } 3 \end{array}$ -Consult Table 11-2. Which of the following is the best-written interpretation of the data?

A) Age affects people's impressions of smokers. B) Eight-year-olds hold more positive impressions of smokers than either 10- or 12-year olds. C) Twelve-year-olds hold more positive impressions of smokers than 10-year-olds, who hold more positive impressions of smokers than 8-year-olds. D) Twelve-year-olds hold more positive impressions of smokers than either 10- or 8-year-olds. A) Age affects people's impressions of smokers. B) Eight-year-olds hold more positive impressions of smokers than either 10- or 12-year olds. C) Twelve-year-olds hold more positive impressions of smokers than 10-year-olds, who hold more positive impressions of smokers than 8-year-olds. D) Twelve-year-olds hold more positive impressions of smokers than either 10- or 8-year-olds.

Questions refer to Table 11-2. In this study, 10 children completed a survey regarding their impressions of smokers at age 8 and then again at age 10 and 12. Scores could range from 1 (extreme negative impression of smokers) to 20 (extreme positive impression of smokers). Table 11-2 $\begin{array} { c c c c c } \text { GROUP } & \mathrm { N } & \text { MEAN } & \text { STD DEV } & \text { STD ERROR } \\ 1 \text { (AGE 8) } & 10 & 9.70 & 5.89 & 1.86 \\ 2 \text { (AGE 10) } & 10 & 10.40 & 5.58 & 1.76 \\ 3 \text { (AGE 12) } & 10 & 11.80 & 5.94 & 1.88 \end{array}$ ONEWAY ANOVA: SMOKING by AGE (CORR SAMP) $\begin{array} { l c c c r r } & \text { SUM OF } & \text { MEAN } & & \\ \text { SOURCE } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { DF } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { F RATIO } & \text { PROB. } \\ \text { AGE } & 22.87 & 2 & 11.43 & 6.76 & .006 \\ \text { SUBJECTS } & 879.63 & 9 & 97.74 & 34.71 & .000 \\ \text { WITHIN CELLS } & 30.47 & 18 & 1.69 & & \\ \text { TOTAL } & 932.97 & 29 & & & \end{array}$ POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05 * Indicates significant differences shown for pairings $\begin{array} { l l l } \mathrm { G } & \mathrm { G } & \mathrm { G } \\ \mathrm { r } & \mathrm { r } & \mathrm { r } \\ \mathrm { p } & \mathrm { p } & \mathrm { p } \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{ll} \text { Mean } & \mathrm{AGE}\\ 9.70 & \text { Grp } 1 \\ 10.40 & \text { Grp 2 } \\ 11.80 & \text { Grp } 3 \end{array}$ -Consult Table 11-2. Which means are significantly different from each other?

A) The 8-year-old group is significantly different from the 10-year-old group and the 12-year-old group, and the 10- and 12-year old groups do not differ significantly from each other. B) The 12-year-old group and the 10-year-old group differ significantly from each other, and no other comparisons are significant. C) The 12-year-old group differs significantly from the 10-year-old group, the 12-year-old group differs significantly from the 8-year-old group, and no other comparisons are significant. D) All three groups are significantly different from each other. A) The 8-year-old group is significantly different from the 10-year-old group and the 12-year-old group, and the 10- and 12-year old groups do not differ significantly from each other. B) The 12-year-old group and the 10-year-old group differ significantly from each other, and no other comparisons are significant. C) The 12-year-old group differs significantly from the 10-year-old group, the 12-year-old group differs significantly from the 8-year-old group, and no other comparisons are significant. D) All three groups are significantly different from each other.

A researcher was interested in determining the effectiveness of humanistic therapy for alleviating depression. He administered a depression inventory to a sample of clients with depression on three occasions: before therapy started, two months after therapy began, and four months into therapy. Depression scores could range from 1 (not at all depressed) to 15 (extremely depressed). $\begin{array}{ccccc} \text { GROUP } & \mathrm{N} & \text { MEAN } & \text { STD DEV } & \text { STD ERROR } \\ 1 \text { (Time 1) } & 10 & 13.50 & 1.58 & 0.50 \\ 2 \text { (Time 2) } & 10 & 9.40 & 2.88 & 0.91 \\ 3 \text { (Time 3) } & 10 & 7.30 & 4.06 & 1.28 \end{array}$ $\text { ONEWAY ANOVA: DEPRESSION by TIME (CORR SAMP) }$ $\begin{array}{lrrrrr} & \text { SUM OF } && {\text { MEAN }} \\ \text { SOURCE } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { DF } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { F RATIO } & \text { PROB. } \\ \text { TIME } & 198.87 & 2 & 99.43 & 18.43 & .000 \\ \text { SUBJECTS } & 147.88 & 9 & 16.43 & 185.04 & .000 \\ \text { WITHIN CELLS } & 97.13 & 18 & 5.40 & & \\ \text { TOTAL } & 443.88 & 29 & & & \end{array}$ POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05 * Indicates significant differences shown for pairings $\begin{array}{lll} G & G & G \\ r & r & r \\ p & p & p \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \end{array}$ $\begin{array}{ll} \text { Mean}&\text { TIME }\\ 13.50 & \text { Grp } 1 \\ 9.40 & \text { Grp 2 } \\ 7.30 & \text { Grp 3 } \end{array}$ -Did the independent variable have a significant effect on the dependent variable? How do you know?

The IV did have a significant effect on

Exam 11: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Questions refer to Table 11-2. In this study, 10 children completed a survey regarding their impressions of smokers at age 8 and then again at age 10 and 12. Scores could range from 1 (extreme negative impression of smokers) to 20 (extreme positive impression of smokers). Table 11-2 GROUP MEAN STD DEV STD ERROR 1 (AGE 8) 10 9.70 5.89 1.86 2 (AGE 10) 10 10.40 5.58 1.76 3 (AGE 12) 10 11.80 5.94 1.88 ONEWAY ANOVA: SMOKING by AGE (CORR SAMP) SUM OF MEAN SOURCE SQUARES DF SQUARES F RATIO PROB. AGE 22.87 2 11.43 6.76 .006 SUBJECTS 879.63 9 97.74 34.71 .000 WITHIN CELLS 30.47 18 1.69 TOTAL 932.97 29 POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05 * Indicates significant differences shown for pairings 1 2 3 Mean 9.70 Grp 1 10.40 Grp 2 11.80 Grp 3 -Consult Table 11-2. Which of the following is the best-written interpretation of the data?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 141

When should you use a one-way ANOVA to analyze your data? Distinguish between a one-way ANOVA for independent groups and a one-way ANOVA for correlated groups.

(Short Answer)

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Question 142

error variability will your likelihood of finding a significant effect.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 143

Suppose you obtained the following distribution in an experiment: Based on this distribution, you should conclude that the F ratio is _ and _.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 144

Questions refer to Table 11-2. In this study, 10 children completed a survey regarding their impressions of smokers at age 8 and then again at age 10 and 12. Scores could range from 1 (extreme negative impression of smokers) to 20 (extreme positive impression of smokers). Table 11-2 GROUP MEAN STD DEV STD ERROR 1 (AGE 8) 10 9.70 5.89 1.86 2 (AGE 10) 10 10.40 5.58 1.76 3 (AGE 12) 10 11.80 5.94 1.88 ONEWAY ANOVA: SMOKING by AGE (CORR SAMP) SUM OF MEAN SOURCE SQUARES DF SQUARES F RATIO PROB. AGE 22.87 2 11.43 6.76 .006 SUBJECTS 879.63 9 97.74 34.71 .000 WITHIN CELLS 30.47 18 1.69 TOTAL 932.97 29 POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05 * Indicates significant differences shown for pairings 1 2 3 Mean 9.70 Grp 1 10.40 Grp 2 11.80 Grp 3 -Consult Table 11-2. Which means are significantly different from each other?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 145

Nina obtains a sample of people who are classified as low, medium, and high in generalized anxiety. She then measures their persistence on a difficult laboratory task. Nina's research would best be classified as __________ research.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 146

What is the formula for the F ratio?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 147

Research conducted with a measured rather than manipulated independent variable is referred to as __________ research.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 148

When error variability __, it is to reject the null hypothesis.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 149

Melinda conducts a study in which some participants receive an antidepressant, others receive a sugar pill that they think is an antidepressant, and the rest receive nothing at all. She finds that both the antidepressant group and the sugar pill group report being less depressed than the control group. Melinda has conducted a(n) _ study and the results for the sugar pill group are likely due to a effect.

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 150

A researcher was interested in determining the effectiveness of humanistic therapy for alleviating depression. He administered a depression inventory to a sample of clients with depression on three occasions: before therapy started, two months after therapy began, and four months into therapy. Depression scores could range from 1 (not at all depressed) to 15 (extremely depressed). GROUP MEAN STD DEV STD ERROR 1 (Time 1) 10 13.50 1.58 0.50 2 (Time 2) 10 9.40 2.88 0.91 3 (Time 3) 10 7.30 4.06 1.28 $\text { ONEWAY ANOVA: DEPRESSION by TIME (CORR SAMP) }$ SUM OF MEAN SOURCE SQUARES DF SQUARES F RATIO PROB. TIME 198.87 2 99.43 18.43 .000 SUBJECTS 147.88 9 16.43 185.04 .000 WITHIN CELLS 97.13 18 5.40 TOTAL 443.88 29 POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05 * Indicates significant differences shown for pairings G G G r r r p p p 1 2 3 Mean TIME 13.50 Grp 1 9.40 Grp 2 7.30 Grp 3 -Did the independent variable have a significant effect on the dependent variable? How do you know?

(Essay)

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Question 151

Rich has conducted a study in which he compares the reading skills of 6-year-olds, 7-year-old, and 8-year-olds. What kind of statistical test should Rich use?

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 152

When should you use a one-way ANOVA to analyze your data? Distinguish between a one-way ANOVA for independent groups and a one-way ANOVA for correlated groups.

error variability will your likelihood of finding a significant effect.

Suppose you obtained the following distribution in an experiment: Based on this distribution, you should conclude that the F ratio is _ and _.

Nina obtains a sample of people who are classified as low, medium, and high in generalized anxiety. She then measures their persistence on a difficult laboratory task. Nina's research would best be classified as __________ research.

What is the formula for the F ratio?

Research conducted with a measured rather than manipulated independent variable is referred to as __________ research.

When error variability __, it is to reject the null hypothesis.

Rich has conducted a study in which he compares the reading skills of 6-year-olds, 7-year-old, and 8-year-olds. What kind of statistical test should Rich use?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 11: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

When should you use a one-way ANOVA to analyze your data? Distinguish between a one-way ANOVA for independent groups and a one-way ANOVA for correlated groups.

__________ error variability will __________ your likelihood of finding a significant effect.

Suppose you obtained the following distribution in an experiment: Based on this distribution, you should conclude that the F ratio is _______ and _______.

Nina obtains a sample of people who are classified as low, medium, and high in generalized anxiety. She then measures their persistence on a difficult laboratory task. Nina's research would best be classified as __________ research.

What is the formula for the F ratio?

Research conducted with a measured rather than manipulated independent variable is referred to as __________ research.

When error variability __________, it is ________ to reject the null hypothesis.

Rich has conducted a study in which he compares the reading skills of 6-year-olds, 7-year-old, and 8-year-olds. What kind of statistical test should Rich use?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

error variability will your likelihood of finding a significant effect.

Suppose you obtained the following distribution in an experiment: Based on this distribution, you should conclude that the F ratio is _ and _.

When error variability __, it is to reject the null hypothesis.