Question 1

Describe the difference between an independent-groups design and a correlated-groups design.

Accepted Answer

An independent-groups design, also known

Question 2

Examine the results in Table 1 on p. 384 of the article. In APA-format, explain (in words) the results for Weight (F).

Accepted Answer

The effect of perception standpoint on w

Question 3

Why do researchers have to conduct post-hoc comparisons after a significant F ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers need to determine if their results are significant. 
B)  Researchers need to determine which means are significantly different from each other. 
C)  Researchers need to determine if their results are due to chance. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Researchers need to determine if their results are significant. 
B)  Researchers need to determine which means are significantly different from each other. 
C)  Researchers need to determine if their results are due to chance. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 4

Adrienne conducts an experiment with four independent groups and 20 participants in each group. The within-groups degrees of freedom would equal

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  24 
D)  56 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  24 
D)  56

Question 5

Why might it be difficult to use matched sets or natural sets in a multiple-group design? What are some practical considerations to consider when using repeated measures in a multiple-group design? What is one practical consideration to consider when using a multiple-independent-groups design?

Accepted Answer

It might be difficult to use matched set

Question 6

If the between-groups variability is much larger than the within-groups variability, then the F value should be ______ and our results will be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  small; significant 
B)  small; nonsignificant 
C)  large; significant 
D)  large; nonsignificant 
A)  small; significant 
B)  small; nonsignificant 
C)  large; significant 
D)  large; nonsignificant

Question 7

Suppose we conduct a study in which the between-groups degrees of freedom was 2 and the within-groups degrees of freedom was 25. According to the F table, what value does our F ratio have to be in order for our ANOVA to be significant at the .05 level?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.38 
B)  5.57 
C)  19.45 
D)  99.46 
A)  3.38 
B)  5.57 
C)  19.45 
D)  99.46

Question 8

__________ degrees of freedom makes it __________ to achieve statistical significance.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fewer; easier 
B)  Fewer; harder 
C)  Fewer; impossible 
D)  Fewer; certain 
A)  Fewer; easier 
B)  Fewer; harder 
C)  Fewer; impossible 
D)  Fewer; certain

Question 9

A multiple-group design compares _________ level(s) of the independent variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  one or two 
D)  three or more 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  one or two 
D)  three or more

Question 10

The general equation for any statistical test is

Accepted Answer

A)  Error variability/within-groups variability 
B)  Error variability/between-groups variability 
C)  Between-groups variability/error variability 
D)  Within-groups variability/between-groups variability 
A)  Error variability/within-groups variability 
B)  Error variability/between-groups variability 
C)  Between-groups variability/error variability 
D)  Within-groups variability/between-groups variability

Question 11

In the following study, participants were randomly assigned to receive humanistic therapy, psychodynamic therapy, or behavioral therapy for their depression. Six months after therapy ended, participants' levels of depression were rated on a Likert scale from 1 (not at all depressed) to 15 (extremely depressed).
 $\begin{array}{lcccc}
{\text { GROUP }} & \text { N } & \text { MEAN } & \text { STD DEV } & \text { STD ERROR } \
\text { 1 (humanistic) } & 10 & 5.40 & 2.17 & 0.69 \
\text { 2 (psychodynamic) } & 10 & 7.50 & 2.84 & 0.90 \
\text { 3 (behavioral) } & 10 & 5.60 & 3.13 & 0.99
\end{array}$

ONEWAY ANOVA: THERAPY bY DEPRESSION
$\begin{array} { l c c c c c } & \text { SUM OF } & & \text { MEAN } & & \ \text { SOURCE } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { DF } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { F RATIO } & \text { PROB. } \ & & & & & \ \text { BETWEEN GROUPS } & 26.87 & 2 & 13.73 & 1.78 & .187 \ \text { WTHIN GROUPS } & 203.30 & 27 & 7.53 & & \ \text { TOTAL } & 230.17 & 29 & & & \end{array}$

POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05
* Indicates significant differences shown for pairings

$\begin{array}{lll}
G & G & G \
r & r & r \
p & p & p \
1 & 2 & 3
\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}
\text { Mean}& \text { THERAPY }\
5.40 & \text { Grp 1 } \
7.50 & \text { Grp 2 } \
5.60 & \text { Grp 3 }

\end{array}$

-What kind of statistical analysis was conducted?

Accepted Answer

The statistical anal

Question 12

Lisa is conducting a study using sets of siblings. She assigns each sibling from a family into a different group. Lisa is using _____ sets.

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated 
B)  matched 
C)  natural 
D)  independent 
A)  repeated 
B)  matched 
C)  natural 
D)  independent

Question 13

___________ designs have decreased error variability compared to __________ designs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Independent groups; correlated groups 
B)  Correlated groups; independent groups 
C)  Natural sets; correlated groups 
D)  Repeated measures; matched sets 
A)  Independent groups; correlated groups 
B)  Correlated groups; independent groups 
C)  Natural sets; correlated groups 
D)  Repeated measures; matched sets

Question 14

Suppose you were interested in conducting a repeated measures experiment with 15 levels. Which of the following might be your greatest concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Will participants become bored or fatigued over time? 
B)  Will I be able to secure enough participants for that many groups? 
C)  Will I be able to find significant effects given that I am using so few groups? 
D)  Will the groups be equivalent before the study begins? 
A)  Will participants become bored or fatigued over time? 
B)  Will I be able to secure enough participants for that many groups? 
C)  Will I be able to find significant effects given that I am using so few groups? 
D)  Will the groups be equivalent before the study begins?

Question 15

Questions refer to Table 11-2. In this study, 10 children completed a survey regarding their impressions of smokers at age 8 and then again at age 10 and 12. Scores could range from 1 (extreme negative impression of smokers) to 20 (extreme positive impression of smokers).

Table 11-2
$\begin{array} { c c c c c } \text { GROUP } & \mathrm { N } & \text { MEAN } & \text { STD DEV } & \text { STD ERROR } \ 1 \text { (AGE 8) } & 10 & 9.70 & 5.89 & 1.86 \ 2 \text { (AGE 10) } & 10 & 10.40 & 5.58 & 1.76 \ 3 \text { (AGE 12) } & 10 & 11.80 & 5.94 & 1.88 \end{array}$

ONEWAY ANOVA: SMOKING by AGE (CORR SAMP)

$\begin{array} { l c c c r r }

& \text { SUM OF } & \text { MEAN } & & \ \text { SOURCE } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { DF } & \text { SQUARES } & \text { F RATIO } & \text { PROB. } \ 
\text { AGE } & 22.87 & 2 & 11.43 & 6.76 & .006 \
\text { SUBJECTS } & 879.63 & 9 & 97.74 & 34.71 & .000 \
\text { WITHIN CELLS } & 30.47 & 18 & 1.69 & & \
\text { TOTAL } & 932.97 & 29 & & &
 \end{array}$

POST HOC TEST: Tukey-HSD with significance level .05
* Indicates significant differences shown for pairings
$\begin{array} { l l l } \mathrm { G } & \mathrm { G } & \mathrm { G } \ \mathrm { r } & \mathrm { r } & \mathrm { r } \ \mathrm { p } & \mathrm { p } & \mathrm { p } \ 1 & 2 & 3 \end{array}$

$\begin{array}{ll}
\text { Mean } & \mathrm{AGE}\

9.70 & \text { Grp } 1 \
10.40 & \text { Grp 2 } \
11.80 & \text { Grp } 3

\end{array}$
-Consult Table 11-2. The independent variable in this study is __________ and the dependent variable in this study is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  age of participants; number of participants 
B)  age of participants; scores indicating impressions of smokers 
C)  scores indicating impressions of smokers; age of participants 
D)  scores indicating impressions of smokers; number of participants 
A)  age of participants; number of participants 
B)  age of participants; scores indicating impressions of smokers 
C)  scores indicating impressions of smokers; age of participants 
D)  scores indicating impressions of smokers; number of participants

Question 16

Suppose you know you would like to conduct a one-IV experiment. What is the second question that you need to answer?

Accepted Answer

A)  How many levels of the IV will I use? 
B)  Will I conduct an experiment or a correlational study? 
C)  Will I conduct a confounded experiment or a true experiment? 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  How many levels of the IV will I use? 
B)  Will I conduct an experiment or a correlational study? 
C)  Will I conduct a confounded experiment or a true experiment? 
D)  All of the above.

Question 17

Beth conducts a study where the between-groups degrees of freedom is equal to 2 and the within-groups degrees of freedom is equal to 21. What is the total degrees of freedom?

Accepted Answer

A)  19 
B)  23 
C)  42 
D)  cannot answer without additional information 
A)  19 
B)  23 
C)  42 
D)  cannot answer without additional information

Question 18

"Between-groups" is synonymous with

Accepted Answer

A)  within-groups. 
B)  error variability. 
C)  treatment effect. 
D)  standard error. 
A)  within-groups. 
B)  error variability. 
C)  treatment effect. 
D)  standard error.

Question 19

Cathy examined the effect of different teaching methods on students' exam performance. She randomly assigned college students to listen to one of three lectures and then tested them over the material. As hypothesized, she found that students taught by Method 1 earned significantly higher exam grades than students taught by Method 2 or Method 3. Which of the following is the best conclusion to draw from these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because Cathy has not done an experiment, she should not draw any cause-and-effect conclusions. 
B)  Cathy has proven that Method 1 is superior to Method 2 and Method 3. 
C)  Cathy's results supported the hypothesis. 
D)  Cathy's study has high external validity. 
A)  Because Cathy has not done an experiment, she should not draw any cause-and-effect conclusions. 
B)  Cathy has proven that Method 1 is superior to Method 2 and Method 3. 
C)  Cathy's results supported the hypothesis. 
D)  Cathy's study has high external validity.

Question 20

Suppose you conduct a one-way ANOVA and obtain the following means: M = 8.78 for Group 1, M = 6.55 for Group 2, and M = 4.22 for Group 3. Which of the following conclusions is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Group 1 scored significantly higher than Group 2 or Group 3. 
B)  All three means are significantly different from each other. 
C)  Group 3 scored significantly lower than Group 1 or Group 2. 
D)  Not enough information is provided to assess significance. 
A)  Group 1 scored significantly higher than Group 2 or Group 3. 
B)  All three means are significantly different from each other. 
C)  Group 3 scored significantly lower than Group 1 or Group 2. 
D)  Not enough information is provided to assess significance.

Describe the difference between an independent-groups design and a correlated-groups design.

Examine the results in Table 1 on p. 384 of the article. In APA-format, explain (in words) the results for Weight (F).

Why do researchers have to conduct post-hoc comparisons after a significant F ratio?

Adrienne conducts an experiment with four independent groups and 20 participants in each group. The within-groups degrees of freedom would equal

Why might it be difficult to use matched sets or natural sets in a multiple-group design? What are some practical considerations to consider when using repeated measures in a multiple-group design? What is one practical consideration to consider when using a multiple-independent-groups design?

If the between-groups variability is much larger than the within-groups variability, then the F value should be and our results will be ____.

Suppose we conduct a study in which the between-groups degrees of freedom was 2 and the within-groups degrees of freedom was 25. According to the F table, what value does our F ratio have to be in order for our ANOVA to be significant at the .05 level?

degrees of freedom makes it to achieve statistical significance.

A multiple-group design compares _________ level(s) of the independent variable.

The general equation for any statistical test is

Lisa is conducting a study using sets of siblings. She assigns each sibling from a family into a different group. Lisa is using _____ sets.

_ designs have decreased error variability compared to designs.

Suppose you were interested in conducting a repeated measures experiment with 15 levels. Which of the following might be your greatest concern?

Suppose you know you would like to conduct a one-IV experiment. What is the second question that you need to answer?

Beth conducts a study where the between-groups degrees of freedom is equal to 2 and the within-groups degrees of freedom is equal to 21. What is the total degrees of freedom?

"Between-groups" is synonymous with

Suppose you conduct a one-way ANOVA and obtain the following means: M = 8.78 for Group 1, M = 6.55 for Group 2, and M = 4.22 for Group 3. Which of the following conclusions is correct?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 11: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Describe the difference between an independent-groups design and a correlated-groups design.

Examine the results in Table 1 on p. 384 of the article. In APA-format, explain (in words) the results for Weight (F).

Why do researchers have to conduct post-hoc comparisons after a significant F ratio?

Adrienne conducts an experiment with four independent groups and 20 participants in each group. The within-groups degrees of freedom would equal

Why might it be difficult to use matched sets or natural sets in a multiple-group design? What are some practical considerations to consider when using repeated measures in a multiple-group design? What is one practical consideration to consider when using a multiple-independent-groups design?

If the between-groups variability is much larger than the within-groups variability, then the F value should be ______ and our results will be __________.

Suppose we conduct a study in which the between-groups degrees of freedom was 2 and the within-groups degrees of freedom was 25. According to the F table, what value does our F ratio have to be in order for our ANOVA to be significant at the .05 level?

__________ degrees of freedom makes it __________ to achieve statistical significance.

A multiple-group design compares _________ level(s) of the independent variable.

The general equation for any statistical test is

Lisa is conducting a study using sets of siblings. She assigns each sibling from a family into a different group. Lisa is using _____ sets.

___________ designs have decreased error variability compared to __________ designs.

Suppose you were interested in conducting a repeated measures experiment with 15 levels. Which of the following might be your greatest concern?

Suppose you know you would like to conduct a one-IV experiment. What is the second question that you need to answer?

Beth conducts a study where the between-groups degrees of freedom is equal to 2 and the within-groups degrees of freedom is equal to 21. What is the total degrees of freedom?

"Between-groups" is synonymous with

Suppose you conduct a one-way ANOVA and obtain the following means: M = 8.78 for Group 1, M = 6.55 for Group 2, and M = 4.22 for Group 3. Which of the following conclusions is correct?

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Alternative Research Designs

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

If the between-groups variability is much larger than the within-groups variability, then the F value should be and our results will be ____.

degrees of freedom makes it to achieve statistical significance.

_ designs have decreased error variability compared to designs.