Question 1

One argument for NOT conducting statistical tests for single-case experiments is that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are no statistical tests than can be conducted with a sample size of one. 
B)  statistical significance is not the same thing as clinical significance. 
C)  treatment effects are usually small; it would be difficult to achieve statistical significance in a single-case experiment. 
D)  in order to conduct statistical tests, researchers would need to collect more data than is feasible for most single-case experiments. 
A)  there are no statistical tests than can be conducted with a sample size of one. 
B)  statistical significance is not the same thing as clinical significance. 
C)  treatment effects are usually small; it would be difficult to achieve statistical significance in a single-case experiment. 
D)  in order to conduct statistical tests, researchers would need to collect more data than is feasible for most single-case experiments.

Question 2

According to Cole and Levinson (2002), the observers were "blind" (see p. 31). What does it mean to be "blind?" Why is it important for the observers to be blind in this study?

Accepted Answer

Being blind means that the observers wer

Question 3

Consider the diagram below. Which experimental design is depicted? 
$$\begin{array} { l l l } 
\mathrm { R } & & \mathrm { O } _ { 1 } \
\mathrm { R } & \mathrm { X } & \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

A)  the posttest-only control-group design 
B)  the pretest-posttest control-group design 
C)  the Solomon four-group design 
D)  the interrupted time-series design 
A)  the posttest-only control-group design 
B)  the pretest-posttest control-group design 
C)  the Solomon four-group design 
D)  the interrupted time-series design

Question 4

The ________ design consists of a baseline, treatment, posttest, return to baseline, repeated treatment, and second posttest.

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B 
B)  A-B-A 
C)  A-B-A-B 
D)  A-B-A-B-A 
A)  A-B 
B)  A-B-A 
C)  A-B-A-B 
D)  A-B-A-B-A

Question 5

Questions refer to the following research study:
Ronda would like to assess the effects of a reading comprehension course on the scores of students. She gives a group of remedial students a reading comprehension pretest and then randomly assigns them to either the treatment group or the control group. Shortly after the treatment, she measures their reading comprehension scores again.
-Suppose Ronda finds that more people dropped out of the treatment group than the control group. Ronda might be worried about which threat to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Instrumentation 
B)  Experimental mortality 
C)  Statistical regression 
D)  Testing 
A)  Instrumentation 
B)  Experimental mortality 
C)  Statistical regression 
D)  Testing

Question 6

Briefly describe what the paraprofessionals did during the first A period of the A-B-A-B design.

Accepted Answer

During the first A period, the paraprofe

Question 7

Bess has conducted a pretest-posttest control-group study to raise math scores among fifth-grade students who have failed math. She has controlled the potential problem of _________ because she has randomly assigned the students to the experimental and control groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  instrumentation 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  selection 
D)  history 
A)  instrumentation 
B)  statistical regression 
C)  selection 
D)  history

Question 8

The Solomon four-group design has

Accepted Answer

A)  two groups, with each group tested twice. 
B)  four groups, with each group tested twice. 
C)  four groups, with two of the groups tested twice and two of the groups tested once. 
D)  four groups, with three of the groups tested twice and one of the groups tested once. 
A)  two groups, with each group tested twice. 
B)  four groups, with each group tested twice. 
C)  four groups, with two of the groups tested twice and two of the groups tested once. 
D)  four groups, with three of the groups tested twice and one of the groups tested once.

Question 9

What were the dependent variables used in this study?

Accepted Answer

There were three dependent variables: (1

Question 10

How does a quasi-experiment differ from a true experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A quasi-experiment does not have an independent variable. 
B)  A quasi-experiment does not have a dependent variable. 
C)  A quasi-experiment does not have random assignment. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  A quasi-experiment does not have an independent variable. 
B)  A quasi-experiment does not have a dependent variable. 
C)  A quasi-experiment does not have random assignment. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a reason why researchers conduct single-case experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers can study a unique person in depth. 
B)  It is not necessary to have more than one person when there is inconsequential variability among members of the population on a particular variable. 
C)  The results from one person can prove a well-known theory. 
D)  The results from one person can refute a well-known theory. 
A)  Researchers can study a unique person in depth. 
B)  It is not necessary to have more than one person when there is inconsequential variability among members of the population on a particular variable. 
C)  The results from one person can prove a well-known theory. 
D)  The results from one person can refute a well-known theory.

Question 12

When you cannot randomly assign participants to groups but you do manipulate an IV and measure a DV, you have used a(n) _________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  ex post facto 
B)  quasi-experimental 
C)  true experimental 
D)  Solomon four-group 
A)  ex post facto 
B)  quasi-experimental 
C)  true experimental 
D)  Solomon four-group

Question 13

A(n) ___________ design is closer to a true experimental design than a(n) ___________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational; quasi-experimental 
B)  ex post facto; correlational 
C)  ex post facto; quasi-experimental 
D)  quasi-experimental; ex post facto 
A)  correlational; quasi-experimental 
B)  ex post facto; correlational 
C)  ex post facto; quasi-experimental 
D)  quasi-experimental; ex post facto

Question 14

In the real world, the A-B design is often used because

Accepted Answer

A)  it may be unethical to reverse a treatment. 
B)  it may not be possible to reverse treatment if learning has occurred. 
C)  Both (a) and (b). 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  it may be unethical to reverse a treatment. 
B)  it may not be possible to reverse treatment if learning has occurred. 
C)  Both (a) and (b). 
D)  None of the above.

Question 15

When collecting baseline measurements for a single-case experiment, researchers hope to find behavior that

Accepted Answer

A)  fluctuates greatly. 
B)  gradually increases. 
C)  gradually decreases. 
D)  is stable. 
A)  fluctuates greatly. 
B)  gradually increases. 
C)  gradually decreases. 
D)  is stable.

Question 16

What is the biggest advantage of the A-B-A design compared to the A-B design?

Accepted Answer

A)  The A-B-A design involves a baseline observation period, and the A-B design does not. 
B)  The A-B-A design involves a treatment period, and the A-B design does not. 
C)  The A-B-A design involves the reversal of the treatment, and the A-B design does not. 
D)  The A-B-A design involves the reintroduction of a previously removed treatment, and the A-B design does not. 
A)  The A-B-A design involves a baseline observation period, and the A-B design does not. 
B)  The A-B-A design involves a treatment period, and the A-B design does not. 
C)  The A-B-A design involves the reversal of the treatment, and the A-B design does not. 
D)  The A-B-A design involves the reintroduction of a previously removed treatment, and the A-B design does not.

Question 17

Variables that may unintentionally operate to influence the dependent variable are known as _______ variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  internally valid 
B)  extraneous 
C)  moderator 
D)  independent 
A)  internally valid 
B)  extraneous 
C)  moderator 
D)  independent

Question 18

What is a quasi-experimental design? How is it different from an ex post facto design? Describe one weakness of the quasi-experimental design.

Accepted Answer

A quasi-experimental design is a researc

One argument for NOT conducting statistical tests for single-case experiments is that

According to Cole and Levinson (2002), the observers were "blind" (see p. 31). What does it mean to be "blind?" Why is it important for the observers to be blind in this study?

Consider the diagram below. Which experimental design is depicted?

The ________ design consists of a baseline, treatment, posttest, return to baseline, repeated treatment, and second posttest.

Briefly describe what the paraprofessionals did during the first A period of the A-B-A-B design.

Bess has conducted a pretest-posttest control-group study to raise math scores among fifth-grade students who have failed math. She has controlled the potential problem of _________ because she has randomly assigned the students to the experimental and control groups.

The Solomon four-group design has

What were the dependent variables used in this study?

How does a quasi-experiment differ from a true experiment?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why researchers conduct single-case experiments?

When you cannot randomly assign participants to groups but you do manipulate an IV and measure a DV, you have used a(n) _________ design.

A(n) _ design is closer to a true experimental design than a(n) _ design.

In the real world, the A-B design is often used because

When collecting baseline measurements for a single-case experiment, researchers hope to find behavior that

What is the biggest advantage of the A-B-A design compared to the A-B design?

Variables that may unintentionally operate to influence the dependent variable are known as _______ variables.

What is a quasi-experimental design? How is it different from an ex post facto design? Describe one weakness of the quasi-experimental design.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

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Exam 13: Alternative Research Designs

One argument for NOT conducting statistical tests for single-case experiments is that

According to Cole and Levinson (2002), the observers were "blind" (see p. 31). What does it mean to be "blind?" Why is it important for the observers to be blind in this study?

Consider the diagram below. Which experimental design is depicted?

The ________ design consists of a baseline, treatment, posttest, return to baseline, repeated treatment, and second posttest.

Briefly describe what the paraprofessionals did during the first A period of the A-B-A-B design.

Bess has conducted a pretest-posttest control-group study to raise math scores among fifth-grade students who have failed math. She has controlled the potential problem of _________ because she has randomly assigned the students to the experimental and control groups.

The Solomon four-group design has

What were the dependent variables used in this study?

How does a quasi-experiment differ from a true experiment?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why researchers conduct single-case experiments?

When you cannot randomly assign participants to groups but you do manipulate an IV and measure a DV, you have used a(n) _________ design.

A(n) ___________ design is closer to a true experimental design than a(n) ___________ design.

In the real world, the A-B design is often used because

When collecting baseline measurements for a single-case experiment, researchers hope to find behavior that

What is the biggest advantage of the A-B-A design compared to the A-B design?

Variables that may unintentionally operate to influence the dependent variable are known as _______ variables.

What is a quasi-experimental design? How is it different from an ex post facto design? Describe one weakness of the quasi-experimental design.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

A(n) _ design is closer to a true experimental design than a(n) _ design.