Question 1

Describe three solutions to the problem of history in the interrupted time-series design.

Accepted Answer

1. Use statistical techniques to account

Question 2

An experiment that consists of one person is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  case study. 
B)  one-way ANOVA. 
C)  single-case experiment. 
D)  repeated measures ANOVA. 
A)  case study. 
B)  one-way ANOVA. 
C)  single-case experiment. 
D)  repeated measures ANOVA.

Question 3

Examine the graph of Wally's behavior on p. 35. Does it appear that the treatment worked? How do you know?

Accepted Answer

The graph of Wally's behavior is less cl

Question 4

Briefly describe the arguments AGAINST statistical analysis of single-case experiments. Briefly describe the arguments FOR statistical analysis of single-case experiments.

Accepted Answer

Arguments against statistical analysis o

Question 5

In a single-case experimental design, the researcher would like for baseline measurements to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase steadily. 
B)  decrease steadily. 
C)  increase or decrease steadily, depending on the research question. 
D)  remain stable. 
A)  increase steadily. 
B)  decrease steadily. 
C)  increase or decrease steadily, depending on the research question. 
D)  remain stable.

Question 6

Briefly describe the A-B-A-B design. Why is this design an improvement over the A-B-A design? Give an example of a study that uses the A-B-A-B design.

Accepted Answer

The A-B-A-B design is a research design

Question 7

Which assumption regarding cause-and-effect is violated in a quasi-experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  the assumption of no diffusion of treatment 
B)  the assumption of equal groups before the experiment 
C)  the assumption of no statistical regression 
D)  the assumption of no history effects 
A)  the assumption of no diffusion of treatment 
B)  the assumption of equal groups before the experiment 
C)  the assumption of no statistical regression 
D)  the assumption of no history effects

Question 8

Why do researchers remove the treatment condition during the second A phase of an A-B-A single-case experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They only remove the treatment if it has not been shown to be effective. 
B)  Researchers do not have enough resources to continue the treatment after a certain period of time. 
C)  If an effective treatment is removed and the behavior reverts to baseline, researchers can be confident that the treatment and not an extraneous variable is causing the change. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  They only remove the treatment if it has not been shown to be effective. 
B)  Researchers do not have enough resources to continue the treatment after a certain period of time. 
C)  If an effective treatment is removed and the behavior reverts to baseline, researchers can be confident that the treatment and not an extraneous variable is causing the change. 
D)  None of the above.

Question 9

Geronimus (1991) conducted a study in which she compared the long-term outcomes for teen mothers compared to their sisters who did not become pregnant as teens. This research is an example of a(n) _______ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  Solomon four-group 
B)  interrupted time-series 
C)  pretest-posttest control-group 
D)  nonequivalent group 
A)  Solomon four-group 
B)  interrupted time-series 
C)  pretest-posttest control-group 
D)  nonequivalent group

Question 10

A single-case experiment in which you make baseline measurements, administer a treatment, and then use a posttest is called a(n) _____ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B-A-B 
B)  A-B 
C)  A-B-A 
D)  B-A-B-A 
A)  A-B-A-B 
B)  A-B 
C)  A-B-A 
D)  B-A-B-A

Question 11

Janine has controlled extraneous variables in her study. Therefore, Janine's study exhibits high ___________ validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  external 
B)  internal 
C)  construct 
D)  content 
A)  external 
B)  internal 
C)  construct 
D)  content

Question 12

Consider the diagram below. Which type of design is depicted in this diagram? 
$$\begin{array} { l l l } 
\mathrm { O } _ { 1 } & &\mathrm { O } _ { 2 } \
\mathrm { O } _ { 1 } & \mathrm { X } & \mathrm { O } _ { 2 }
\end{array}$$

Accepted Answer

A)  the interrupted time-series design 
B)  the posttest-only control-group design 
C)  the nonequivalent group design 
D)  the pretest-posttest control-group design 
A)  the interrupted time-series design 
B)  the posttest-only control-group design 
C)  the nonequivalent group design 
D)  the pretest-posttest control-group design

Question 13

A case study is a(n) ______ technique; an N = 1 design is a(n) _______ technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental; quasi-experimental 
B)  experimental; experimental 
C)  experimental; descriptive 
D)  descriptive; experimental 
A)  experimental; quasi-experimental 
B)  experimental; experimental 
C)  experimental; descriptive 
D)  descriptive; experimental

Question 14

If participants in one treatment group become familiar with the treatment being received by another treatment group, you should be worried about which threat to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation 
B)  Instrumentation 
C)  History 
D)  Diffusion of treatment 
A)  Maturation 
B)  Instrumentation 
C)  History 
D)  Diffusion of treatment

Question 15

The posttest-only control group design contains

Accepted Answer

A)  one group of participants tested twice. 
B)  two groups of participants, each tested once. 
C)  one group of participants tested once. 
D)  two groups of participants, each tested twice. 
A)  one group of participants tested twice. 
B)  two groups of participants, each tested once. 
C)  one group of participants tested once. 
D)  two groups of participants, each tested twice.

Question 16

If participants drop out of your experiment at different rates, you should be worried about which threat to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maturation 
B)  Experimental mortality 
C)  Instrumentation 
D)  History 
A)  Maturation 
B)  Experimental mortality 
C)  Instrumentation 
D)  History

Question 17

How important is internal validity in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is less important than external validity. 
B)  It is less important than random selection. 
C)  It is less important than sample size. 
D)  It is the most important property of your experiment. 
A)  It is less important than external validity. 
B)  It is less important than random selection. 
C)  It is less important than sample size. 
D)  It is the most important property of your experiment.

Question 18

Briefly describe what the paraprofessionals did during the first B period of the A-B-A-B design.

Accepted Answer

During the first B period, the paraprofe

Question 19

In an interrupted time-series design, researchers

Accepted Answer

A)  compare the data of the treatment group and the comparison group on four separate occasions. 
B)  examine changes in the data of a group of participants before the treatment and after the treatment. 
C)  examine changes in the data of a single participant before the treatment and after the treatment. 
D)  compare the data of the treatment group and the comparison group on six separate occasions. 
A)  compare the data of the treatment group and the comparison group on four separate occasions. 
B)  examine changes in the data of a group of participants before the treatment and after the treatment. 
C)  examine changes in the data of a single participant before the treatment and after the treatment. 
D)  compare the data of the treatment group and the comparison group on six separate occasions.

Question 20

In an A-B design, there are _____ threats to internal validity.

Accepted Answer

A)  no 
B)  few 
C)  many 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  no 
B)  few 
C)  many 
D)  None of the above.

Describe three solutions to the problem of history in the interrupted time-series design.

An experiment that consists of one person is known as a

Examine the graph of Wally's behavior on p. 35. Does it appear that the treatment worked? How do you know?

Briefly describe the arguments AGAINST statistical analysis of single-case experiments. Briefly describe the arguments FOR statistical analysis of single-case experiments.

In a single-case experimental design, the researcher would like for baseline measurements to

Briefly describe the A-B-A-B design. Why is this design an improvement over the A-B-A design? Give an example of a study that uses the A-B-A-B design.

Which assumption regarding cause-and-effect is violated in a quasi-experimental design?

Why do researchers remove the treatment condition during the second A phase of an A-B-A single-case experiment?

Geronimus (1991) conducted a study in which she compared the long-term outcomes for teen mothers compared to their sisters who did not become pregnant as teens. This research is an example of a(n) _______ design.

A single-case experiment in which you make baseline measurements, administer a treatment, and then use a posttest is called a(n) _____ design.

Janine has controlled extraneous variables in her study. Therefore, Janine's study exhibits high ___________ validity.

Consider the diagram below. Which type of design is depicted in this diagram?

A case study is a(n) technique; an N = 1 design is a(n) _ technique.

If participants in one treatment group become familiar with the treatment being received by another treatment group, you should be worried about which threat to internal validity?

The posttest-only control group design contains

If participants drop out of your experiment at different rates, you should be worried about which threat to internal validity?

How important is internal validity in an experiment?

Briefly describe what the paraprofessionals did during the first B period of the A-B-A-B design.

In an interrupted time-series design, researchers

In an A-B design, there are _____ threats to internal validity.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

Exam 13: Alternative Research Designs

Describe three solutions to the problem of history in the interrupted time-series design.

An experiment that consists of one person is known as a

Examine the graph of Wally's behavior on p. 35. Does it appear that the treatment worked? How do you know?

Briefly describe the arguments AGAINST statistical analysis of single-case experiments. Briefly describe the arguments FOR statistical analysis of single-case experiments.

In a single-case experimental design, the researcher would like for baseline measurements to

Briefly describe the A-B-A-B design. Why is this design an improvement over the A-B-A design? Give an example of a study that uses the A-B-A-B design.

Which assumption regarding cause-and-effect is violated in a quasi-experimental design?

Why do researchers remove the treatment condition during the second A phase of an A-B-A single-case experiment?

Geronimus (1991) conducted a study in which she compared the long-term outcomes for teen mothers compared to their sisters who did not become pregnant as teens. This research is an example of a(n) _______ design.

A single-case experiment in which you make baseline measurements, administer a treatment, and then use a posttest is called a(n) _____ design.

Janine has controlled extraneous variables in her study. Therefore, Janine's study exhibits high ___________ validity.

Consider the diagram below. Which type of design is depicted in this diagram?

A case study is a(n) ______ technique; an N = 1 design is a(n) _______ technique.

If participants in one treatment group become familiar with the treatment being received by another treatment group, you should be worried about which threat to internal validity?

The posttest-only control group design contains

If participants drop out of your experiment at different rates, you should be worried about which threat to internal validity?

How important is internal validity in an experiment?

Briefly describe what the paraprofessionals did during the first B period of the A-B-A-B design.

In an interrupted time-series design, researchers

In an A-B design, there are _____ threats to internal validity.

Psychological Research and the Research Methods Course

Developing a Good Research Idea and Conducting an Ethical Project

Qualitative Research Methods

Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

Using the Scientific Method in Psychology

Conducting a Good Experiment I: Variables and Control

Conducting a Good Experiment Ii: Final Considerations, Unanticipated Influences, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Internal and External Validity

Using Statistics to Answer Questions

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With More Than Two Groups

Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Interpreting Experiments With Multiple Independent Variables

Writing and Assembling an Apa-Format Research Report

Filters

A case study is a(n) technique; an N = 1 design is a(n) _ technique.