Question 1

Which pathophysiological process applies to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcal infection affects both the glomerular and tubule functions 
B)  Ischemic damage occurs in the tubules, causing obstruction and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
C)  Immune complexes deposit in glomerular tissue, causing inflammation 
D)  Increased glomerular permeability for unknown reasons 
A)  Streptococcal infection affects both the glomerular and tubule functions 
B)  Ischemic damage occurs in the tubules, causing obstruction and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
C)  Immune complexes deposit in glomerular tissue, causing inflammation 
D)  Increased glomerular permeability for unknown reasons

Question 2

Which of the following relates to polycystic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  It affects only one of the kidneys. 
B)  It results in gradual degeneration and chronic renal failure. 
C)  The kidneys are displaced and the ureters are twisted. 
D)  The prognosis is good because there is adequate reserve for normal life. 
A)  It affects only one of the kidneys. 
B)  It results in gradual degeneration and chronic renal failure. 
C)  The kidneys are displaced and the ureters are twisted. 
D)  The prognosis is good because there is adequate reserve for normal life.

Question 3

Which of the following results from decreased blood flow into the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing blood pressure 
B)  Dilation of the afferent arterioles 
C)  Decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  Increased angiotensin and systemic vasoconstriction 
A)  Decreasing blood pressure 
B)  Dilation of the afferent arterioles 
C)  Decreased aldosterone secretion 
D)  Increased angiotensin and systemic vasoconstriction

Question 4

In a case of acute pyelonephritis, what is the cause of flank pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation, causing ischemia in the tubules 
B)  Inflammation, stretching the renal capsule 
C)  Increasing glomerular permeability, creating an increased volume of filtrate in the kidney 
D)  Microbes irritating the tissues 
A)  Inflammation, causing ischemia in the tubules 
B)  Inflammation, stretching the renal capsule 
C)  Increasing glomerular permeability, creating an increased volume of filtrate in the kidney 
D)  Microbes irritating the tissues

Question 5

What is/are a cause(s) of acute tubule necrosis and acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonged circulatory shock 
B)  Sudden significant exposure to nephrotoxins 
C)  Crush injuries or burns 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Prolonged circulatory shock 
B)  Sudden significant exposure to nephrotoxins 
C)  Crush injuries or burns 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following should be present in the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma proteins 
B)  Erythrocytes 
C)  Sodium ions 
D)  Leukocytes 
A)  Plasma proteins 
B)  Erythrocytes 
C)  Sodium ions 
D)  Leukocytes

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT likely to lead to hydronephrosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal calculi 
B)  Pyelonephritis 
C)  Nephrosclerosis 
D)  Benign prostatic hypertrophy 
A)  Renal calculi 
B)  Pyelonephritis 
C)  Nephrosclerosis 
D)  Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulation of body fluid concentrations 
B)  Removal of nitrogenous and acidic wastes 
C)  Activation of vitamin D 
D)  Production of albumin 
A)  Regulation of body fluid concentrations 
B)  Removal of nitrogenous and acidic wastes 
C)  Activation of vitamin D 
D)  Production of albumin

Question 9

What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  An ascending infection by E. coli 
B)  Abnormal immune response, causing inflammation 
C)  Dialysis or other invasive procedure 
D)  Severe pH imbalance of urine 
A)  An ascending infection by E. coli 
B)  Abnormal immune response, causing inflammation 
C)  Dialysis or other invasive procedure 
D)  Severe pH imbalance of urine

Question 10

Which of the following describes the flow of filtrate in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  The collecting duct to the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis 
B)  Bowman's capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle 
C)  The loop of Henle to the collecting duct to Bowman's capsule 
D)  The distal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct 
A)  The collecting duct to the distal convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis 
B)  Bowman's capsule to the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle 
C)  The loop of Henle to the collecting duct to Bowman's capsule 
D)  The distal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct

Which pathophysiological process applies to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Which of the following relates to polycystic kidney disease?

Which of the following results from decreased blood flow into the kidneys?

In a case of acute pyelonephritis, what is the cause of flank pain?

What is/are a cause(s) of acute tubule necrosis and acute renal failure?

Which of the following should be present in the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Which of the following is NOT likely to lead to hydronephrosis?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

Which of the following describes the flow of filtrate in the kidney?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters

Exam 18: Urinary System Disorders

Which pathophysiological process applies to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?

Which of the following relates to polycystic kidney disease?

Which of the following results from decreased blood flow into the kidneys?

In a case of acute pyelonephritis, what is the cause of flank pain?

What is/are a cause(s) of acute tubule necrosis and acute renal failure?

Which of the following should be present in the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule?

Which of the following is NOT likely to lead to hydronephrosis?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney?

What is the cause of most cases of pyelonephritis?

Which of the following describes the flow of filtrate in the kidney?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters