Question 1

Why may acute pyelonephritis and cystitis follow untreated prostatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microbes spread through the circulation. 
B)  Antibodies have not yet formed. 
C)  There is no effective treatment. 
D)  There is a continuous mucosa along the involved structures. 
A)  Microbes spread through the circulation. 
B)  Antibodies have not yet formed. 
C)  There is no effective treatment. 
D)  There is a continuous mucosa along the involved structures.

Question 2

What is the primary action of the diuretic furosemide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased reabsorption of sodium and water 
B)  Decreased reabsorption of H+ in the tubules 
C)  Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone 
D)  Inhibition of renin 
A)  Decreased reabsorption of sodium and water 
B)  Decreased reabsorption of H+ in the tubules 
C)  Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone 
D)  Inhibition of renin

Question 3

Excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  dysuria. 
B)  azotemia. 
C)  bacteremia. 
D)  hematuria. 
A)  dysuria. 
B)  azotemia. 
C)  bacteremia. 
D)  hematuria.

Question 4

Which of the following is a significant indicator of renal insufficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine with pH of 5 
B)  Increased serum urea and creatinine 
C)  Urine with high specific gravity 
D)  Decreased blood pressure 
A)  Urine with pH of 5 
B)  Increased serum urea and creatinine 
C)  Urine with high specific gravity 
D)  Decreased blood pressure

Question 5

From the following, choose the substance likely to appear in the urine when the glomerulus is inflamed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Albumin 
B)  Urea 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Creatinine 
A)  Albumin 
B)  Urea 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Creatinine

Question 6

Which of the following is related to Wilms' tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct exposure to carcinogens 
B)  Hormonal imbalance 
C)  Repeated infections 
D)  A genetic defect 
A)  Direct exposure to carcinogens 
B)  Hormonal imbalance 
C)  Repeated infections 
D)  A genetic defect

Question 7

Reduced urine output resulting from inflammation and necrosis of the tubules is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  oliguria. 
B)  anuria. 
C)  pyuria. 
D)  polyuria. 
A)  oliguria. 
B)  anuria. 
C)  pyuria. 
D)  polyuria.

Question 8

Wilms' tumor is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a malignant tumor in the bladder. 
B)  an encapsulated mass in one kidney. 
C)  not considered to have a genetic origin. 
D)  manifested in adulthood. 
A)  a malignant tumor in the bladder. 
B)  an encapsulated mass in one kidney. 
C)  not considered to have a genetic origin. 
D)  manifested in adulthood.

Question 9

Urinary casts are present with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis because:

Accepted Answer

A)  large numbers of microbes and leukocytes enter the filtrate. 
B)  ruptured capillaries release debris into the tubules. 
C)  normal reabsorption of cells and proteins cannot take place. 
D)  inflamed tubules compress red blood cells (RBCs) and protein into a typical mass. 
A)  large numbers of microbes and leukocytes enter the filtrate. 
B)  ruptured capillaries release debris into the tubules. 
C)  normal reabsorption of cells and proteins cannot take place. 
D)  inflamed tubules compress red blood cells (RBCs) and protein into a typical mass.

Question 10

Renal disease frequently causes hypertension because:

Accepted Answer

A)  albuminuria increases vascular volume. 
B)  congestion and ischemia stimulate release of renin. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is decreased. 
D)  damaged tubules absorb large amounts of filtrate. 
A)  albuminuria increases vascular volume. 
B)  congestion and ischemia stimulate release of renin. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion is decreased. 
D)  damaged tubules absorb large amounts of filtrate.

Question 11

Which statement about the bladder is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bladder wall lacks rugae. 
B)  Three openings from the urinary bladder form the trigone. 
C)  It contracts when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. 
D)  Continuous peristalsis in the bladder wall promotes urine flow. 
A)  The bladder wall lacks rugae. 
B)  Three openings from the urinary bladder form the trigone. 
C)  It contracts when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system. 
D)  Continuous peristalsis in the bladder wall promotes urine flow.

Question 12

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:

Accepted Answer

A)  microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine. 
B)  painful micturition. 
C)  urgency and frequency. 
D)  urinary casts and flank pain. 
A)  microbes, leukocytes, and pus in the urine. 
B)  painful micturition. 
C)  urgency and frequency. 
D)  urinary casts and flank pain.

Question 13

Which of the following would likely cause chronic renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cystitis with pyelonephritis in the right kidney 
B)  Circulatory shock 
C)  Diabetes 
D)  Obstruction of a ureter by a renal calculus 
A)  Cystitis with pyelonephritis in the right kidney 
B)  Circulatory shock 
C)  Diabetes 
D)  Obstruction of a ureter by a renal calculus

Question 14

Uncontrolled essential hypertension may cause chronic renal failure because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  predisposition to recurrent urinary tract infections. 
B)  damage to afferent arterioles and renal ischemia. 
C)  failure of tubules to respond to hormonal controls. 
D)  glomerular congestion causes damaged capillaries. 
A)  predisposition to recurrent urinary tract infections. 
B)  damage to afferent arterioles and renal ischemia. 
C)  failure of tubules to respond to hormonal controls. 
D)  glomerular congestion causes damaged capillaries.

Question 15

Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephrotic syndrome 
B)  Cystitis 
C)  Glomerulonephritis 
D)  Urolithiasis 
A)  Nephrotic syndrome 
B)  Cystitis 
C)  Glomerulonephritis 
D)  Urolithiasis

Question 16

Which of the following describes the correct flow of blood in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent arteriole to the peritubular capillaries to the venule 
B)  Efferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries 
C)  Peritubular capillaries to the glomerular capillaries to the venule 
D)  Afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole 
A)  Afferent arteriole to the peritubular capillaries to the venule 
B)  Efferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the peritubular capillaries 
C)  Peritubular capillaries to the glomerular capillaries to the venule 
D)  Afferent arteriole to the glomerular capillaries to the efferent arteriole

Question 17

Which of the following does NOT usually result from nephrosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary hypertension 
B)  Chronic renal failure 
C)  Acute renal failure 
D)  Increased renin and aldosterone secretions 
A)  Secondary hypertension 
B)  Chronic renal failure 
C)  Acute renal failure 
D)  Increased renin and aldosterone secretions

Question 18

Which of the following is a predisposing factor to bladder cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prostatic cancer 
B)  Hormonal abnormalities 
C)  Exposure to chemicals and cigarette smoke 
D)  Presence of embryonic tissue 
A)  Prostatic cancer 
B)  Hormonal abnormalities 
C)  Exposure to chemicals and cigarette smoke 
D)  Presence of embryonic tissue

Question 19

Why does metabolic acidosis develop with bilateral kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tubule exchanges are impaired. 
B)  GFR is increased. 
C)  Serum urea is increased. 
D)  More bicarbonate ion is produced. 
A)  Tubule exchanges are impaired. 
B)  GFR is increased. 
C)  Serum urea is increased. 
D)  More bicarbonate ion is produced.

Question 20

Choose the basic cause of osteodystrophy associated with chronic renal failure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Development of hypercalcemia 
B)  Deficit of parathyroid hormone 
C)  Failure of the kidney to activate vitamin D 
D)  Excessive loss of phosphate ion 
A)  Development of hypercalcemia 
B)  Deficit of parathyroid hormone 
C)  Failure of the kidney to activate vitamin D 
D)  Excessive loss of phosphate ion

Exam 18: Urinary System Disorders

Why may acute pyelonephritis and cystitis follow untreated prostatitis?

What is the primary action of the diuretic furosemide?

Excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood is referred to as:

Which of the following is a significant indicator of renal insufficiency?

From the following, choose the substance likely to appear in the urine when the glomerulus is inflamed.

Which of the following is related to Wilms' tumor?

Reduced urine output resulting from inflammation and necrosis of the tubules is called:

Wilms' tumor is:

Urinary casts are present with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis because:

Renal disease frequently causes hypertension because:

Which statement about the bladder is TRUE?

Pyelonephritis may be distinguished from cystitis by the presence in pyelonephritis of:

Which of the following would likely cause chronic renal failure?

Uncontrolled essential hypertension may cause chronic renal failure because of:

Which disease is manifested by dysuria and pyuria?

Which of the following describes the correct flow of blood in the kidney?

Which of the following does NOT usually result from nephrosclerosis?

Which of the following is a predisposing factor to bladder cancer?

Why does metabolic acidosis develop with bilateral kidney disease?

Choose the basic cause of osteodystrophy associated with chronic renal failure.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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