Question 1

In glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of lactate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What are the two ways in which the energy of a food source can be released in a catabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) chemical bond energy and light 
B) heat and light 
C) chemical bond energy and heat 
D) electrons and enzymes 
E) phosphate and enzymes 
A) chemical bond energy and light 
B) heat and light 
C) chemical bond energy and heat 
D) electrons and enzymes 
E) phosphate and enzymes

Question 3

What substrate is converted into glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme hexokinase?

Accepted Answer

A) fructose 
B) glycogen 
C) glucose 
D) pyruvate 
E) lactate 
A) fructose 
B) glycogen 
C) glucose 
D) pyruvate 
E) lactate

Question 4

The energy released from the oxidation of the food we eat can be used to form ATP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is meant by the term catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) the total of all chemical reactions within the human body 
B) the formation of glucose and other important biomolecules 
C) the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate compounds 
D) the degradation (breakdown) of molecules with an accompanying release of energy 
E) the biosynthesis (buildup) of molecules with an accompanying release of energy 
A) the total of all chemical reactions within the human body 
B) the formation of glucose and other important biomolecules 
C) the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate compounds 
D) the degradation (breakdown) of molecules with an accompanying release of energy 
E) the biosynthesis (buildup) of molecules with an accompanying release of energy

Question 6

What is the identity of the missing product in the kinase catalyzed reaction shown below? 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP → 3-phosphoglycerate + ?

Accepted Answer

A) PPi 
B) ATP 
C) AMP 
D) A 
E) water 
A) PPi 
B) ATP 
C) AMP 
D) A 
E) water

Question 7

Red blood cells rely exclusively on lactate as their energy source.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In the first substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis, a phosphoryl group is transferred from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, thus producing ATP.What is the other product of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) 3-phosphoglycerate 
B) 2-phosphoglycerate 
C) phosphoenolpyruvate 
D) pyruvate 
E) lactate 
A) 3-phosphoglycerate 
B) 2-phosphoglycerate 
C) phosphoenolpyruvate 
D) pyruvate 
E) lactate

Question 9

The hydrolysis of ATP can be used to "drive" a reaction.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP acts as a carrier molecule for substrates in reactions. 
B) The ATP produced upon hydrolysis acts as a catalyst to increase the rates of otherwise slow biochemical processes. 
C) The energy produced from the hydrolysis of ATP is used by energy-requiring reactions in the body. 
D) The hydrolysis of ATP yields a phosphate group that is used as a cofactor in enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the body. 
E) Hydrolysis of ATP activates the effector site on allosteric enzymes, which can then be used to catalyze reactions. 
A) ATP acts as a carrier molecule for substrates in reactions. 
B) The ATP produced upon hydrolysis acts as a catalyst to increase the rates of otherwise slow biochemical processes. 
C) The energy produced from the hydrolysis of ATP is used by energy-requiring reactions in the body. 
D) The hydrolysis of ATP yields a phosphate group that is used as a cofactor in enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the body. 
E) Hydrolysis of ATP activates the effector site on allosteric enzymes, which can then be used to catalyze reactions.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning the digestion of food groups is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Digestion of all food groups begins in the mouth. 
B) Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and other monosaccharides. 
C) Fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. 
D) Proteins are broken down into amino acids. 
E) Polysaccharides are broken down into glucose and other monosaccharides. 
A) Digestion of all food groups begins in the mouth. 
B) Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and other monosaccharides. 
C) Fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. 
D) Proteins are broken down into amino acids. 
E) Polysaccharides are broken down into glucose and other monosaccharides.

Question 11

Which coenzyme form must be reoxidized so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP for the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) NADP+ 
B) NADH 
C) NADPH 
D) FADH 
E) FADH2 
A) NADP+ 
B) NADH 
C) NADPH 
D) FADH 
E) FADH2

Question 12

What is the function of coenzyme A?

Accepted Answer

A) to carry acetyl groups in the form of acetyl CoA to the citric acid cycle 
B) to oxidize carbohydrates in glycolysis 
C) to hydrolyze triglycerides to produce fatty acids and glycerol 
D) to carry phosphate groups to glycolysis 
E) to carry ADP to the citric acid cycle 
A) to carry acetyl groups in the form of acetyl CoA to the citric acid cycle 
B) to oxidize carbohydrates in glycolysis 
C) to hydrolyze triglycerides to produce fatty acids and glycerol 
D) to carry phosphate groups to glycolysis 
E) to carry ADP to the citric acid cycle

Question 13

ATP, the universal energy currency of the cell, stands for adenosine triphosphate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is an important result of the lactate and ethanol fermentation processes?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water, providing energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
B) NADH is reoxidized to NAD+, which allows glycolysis to continue. 
C) The CO2 produced in glycolysis is used up and converted to O2. 
D) Ethanol is converted to CO2 and water, providing energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
E) Glucose is regenerated in these processes, and allowed to enter into glycolysis. 
A) Glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water, providing energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
B) NADH is reoxidized to NAD+, which allows glycolysis to continue. 
C) The CO2 produced in glycolysis is used up and converted to O2. 
D) Ethanol is converted to CO2 and water, providing energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
E) Glucose is regenerated in these processes, and allowed to enter into glycolysis.

Question 15

What substrate is converted into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase?

Accepted Answer

A) fructose 
B) fructose-6-phosphate 
C) glucose-6-phosphate 
D) glucose-1,6-bisphosphate 
E) fructose triphosphate 
A) fructose 
B) fructose-6-phosphate 
C) glucose-6-phosphate 
D) glucose-1,6-bisphosphate 
E) fructose triphosphate

Question 16

In the first step of glycogenolysis, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase acts on glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate.What must happen to this product before it can enter the glycolysis pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) It must transfer its phosphate group to ADP. 
B) It must add another phosphate group from ATP. 
C) It must isomerize to glucose-6-phosphate. 
D) It must become activated by binding to UDP. 
E) It must become bound to acetyl-CoA. 
A) It must transfer its phosphate group to ADP. 
B) It must add another phosphate group from ATP. 
C) It must isomerize to glucose-6-phosphate. 
D) It must become activated by binding to UDP. 
E) It must become bound to acetyl-CoA.

Question 17

Step 7 in glycolysis is shown below.Which statement concerning this step is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) The hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy necessary for the removal of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. 
B) The hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate provides the energy necessary for the phosphorylation of ADP. 
C) The energy required for the hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is stored in ADP. 
D) The hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate provides the energy necessary for the hydrolysis of ATP. 
E) The phosphorylation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is driven by the phosphorylation of ADP. 
A) The hydrolysis of ATP provides the energy necessary for the removal of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. 
B) The hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate provides the energy necessary for the phosphorylation of ADP. 
C) The energy required for the hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is stored in ADP. 
D) The hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate provides the energy necessary for the hydrolysis of ATP. 
E) The phosphorylation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is driven by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Question 18

In what stage of catabolism is the most ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

A) Stage I 
B) Stage II 
C) Stage III 
D) It depends on the type of food ingested. 
E) All stages produce an equal amount of ATP. 
A) Stage I 
B) Stage II 
C) Stage III 
D) It depends on the type of food ingested. 
E) All stages produce an equal amount of ATP.

Question 19

When one molecule of glucose undergoes glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, what happens to the net number of NAD+ and NADH molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of NAD+ molecules increases, and the number of NADH molecules decreases. 
B) The number of NAD+ molecules decreases, and the number of NADH molecules increases. 
C) The number of NAD+ molecules decreases, and the number of NADH molecules decreases. 
D) The number of NAD+ molecules increases, and the number of NADH molecules increases. 
E) There is no net change in the number of molecules of either NAD+ or NADH. 
A) The number of NAD+ molecules increases, and the number of NADH molecules decreases. 
B) The number of NAD+ molecules decreases, and the number of NADH molecules increases. 
C) The number of NAD+ molecules decreases, and the number of NADH molecules decreases. 
D) The number of NAD+ molecules increases, and the number of NADH molecules increases. 
E) There is no net change in the number of molecules of either NAD+ or NADH.

Question 20

What key reducing agent is formed in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose oxidation?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) NAD+ 
C) NADH 
D) NADP+ 
E) NADPH 
A) ATP 
B) NAD+ 
C) NADH 
D) NADP+ 
E) NADPH

Exam 21: Carbohydrate Metabolism

In glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of lactate.

What are the two ways in which the energy of a food source can be released in a catabolic pathway?

What substrate is converted into glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme hexokinase?

The energy released from the oxidation of the food we eat can be used to form ATP.

What is meant by the term catabolism?

What is the identity of the missing product in the kinase catalyzed reaction shown below? 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP → 3-phosphoglycerate + ?

Red blood cells rely exclusively on lactate as their energy source.

In the first substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis, a phosphoryl group is transferred from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP, thus producing ATP.What is the other product of this reaction?

The hydrolysis of ATP can be used to "drive" a reaction.What does this mean?

Which of the following statements concerning the digestion of food groups is FALSE?

Which coenzyme form must be reoxidized so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP for the cell?

What is the function of coenzyme A?

ATP, the universal energy currency of the cell, stands for adenosine triphosphate.

What is an important result of the lactate and ethanol fermentation processes?

What substrate is converted into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate by the enzyme phosphofructokinase?

In the first step of glycogenolysis, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase acts on glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate.What must happen to this product before it can enter the glycolysis pathway?

Step 7 in glycolysis is shown below.Which statement concerning this step is TRUE?

In what stage of catabolism is the most ATP produced?

When one molecule of glucose undergoes glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, what happens to the net number of NAD+ and NADH molecules?

What key reducing agent is formed in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose oxidation?

Chemistry:methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, Chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter- Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, Radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry- the Saturated Hydrocarbons

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons- Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Fatty Acid Metabolism

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When one molecule of glucose undergoes glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, what happens to the net number of NAD⁺ and NADH molecules?