Question 1

What sequence on a DNA molecule indicates where RNA polymerase should begin transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) replication fork 
B) Okazaki fragment 
C) promoter 
D) replication origin 
E) anticodon loop 
A) replication fork 
B) Okazaki fragment 
C) promoter 
D) replication origin 
E) anticodon loop C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogenous base 
B) five-carbon sugar 
C) phosphoryl group 
D) amino acid 
E) A nucleotide consists of all of these components. 
A) nitrogenous base 
B) five-carbon sugar 
C) phosphoryl group 
D) amino acid 
E) A nucleotide consists of all of these components. D

Question 3

What is the requirement for a radiolabeled DNA or RNA molecule (i.e., a probe) to hybridize to a section of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) Both strands must contain a primer. 
B) A cloning vector must be present. 
C) The strands must have the same bacterial origin. 
D) The strands must have complementary sequences. 
E) The strands must have identical sequences. 
A) Both strands must contain a primer. 
B) A cloning vector must be present. 
C) The strands must have the same bacterial origin. 
D) The strands must have complementary sequences. 
E) The strands must have identical sequences. D

Question 4

Which of the following represents the backbone structure of a DNA polymer?

Accepted Answer

A) base-sugar (ribose) 
B) phosphate-sugar (deoxyribose) 
C) base-sugar (deoxyribose) 
D) phosphate-base 
E) phosphate-sugar (ribose) 
A) base-sugar (ribose) 
B) phosphate-sugar (deoxyribose) 
C) base-sugar (deoxyribose) 
D) phosphate-base 
E) phosphate-sugar (ribose)

Question 5

Which term refers to the sequence of three nucleotides at the base of the cloverleaf of a tRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) codon 
B) promoter 
C) P-site 
D) anticodon 
E) A-site 
A) codon 
B) promoter 
C) P-site 
D) anticodon 
E) A-site

Question 6

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a complementary copy of a gene on DNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

DNA isolated from human cheek cells was found to contain 21% guanine.What else is true about the base composition of this DNA sample?

Accepted Answer

A) It contains 79% cytosine. 
B) It contains 79% adenine and thymine. 
C) It contains 21% adenine, 21% cytosine, and 21% thymine. 
D) It contains 21% cytosine, 29% adenine, and 29% thymine. 
E) It is impossible to say anything specific about the percentages of adenine, cytosine, and thymine without further analysis. 
A) It contains 79% cytosine. 
B) It contains 79% adenine and thymine. 
C) It contains 21% adenine, 21% cytosine, and 21% thymine. 
D) It contains 21% cytosine, 29% adenine, and 29% thymine. 
E) It is impossible to say anything specific about the percentages of adenine, cytosine, and thymine without further analysis.

Question 8

Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in all but one of the items below.Which one does NOT involve hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA replication 
B) DNA double helix 
C) DNA primary structure 
D) synthesis of mRNA from DNA 
E) codon/anticodon recognition 
A) DNA replication 
B) DNA double helix 
C) DNA primary structure 
D) synthesis of mRNA from DNA 
E) codon/anticodon recognition

Question 9

Which pyrimidine bases are found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) adenine and thymine 
B) thymine and guanine 
C) adenine and guanine 
D) cytosine and thymine 
E) cytosine and adenine 
A) adenine and thymine 
B) thymine and guanine 
C) adenine and guanine 
D) cytosine and thymine 
E) cytosine and adenine

Question 10

A DNA template strand having the sequence shown below would produce an mRNA molecule with what sequence? 3'-CGATCA-5'

Accepted Answer

A) 3'-CGATCA-5' 
B) 3'-CGAUCA-5' 
C) 5'-CGAUCA-3' 
D) 5'-GCUAGU-3' 
E) 5'-GCTAGT-3' 
A) 3'-CGATCA-5' 
B) 3'-CGAUCA-5' 
C) 5'-CGAUCA-3' 
D) 5'-GCUAGU-3' 
E) 5'-GCTAGT-3'

Question 11

What term is used to describe bacterial enzymes that are used to "cut" the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerases 
B) DNA phosphatases 
C) restriction enzymes 
D) retroviral enzymes 
E) reverse transcriptases 
A) DNA polymerases 
B) DNA phosphatases 
C) restriction enzymes 
D) retroviral enzymes 
E) reverse transcriptases

Question 12

The genetic code is composed of triplets using four different bases.How many different codons (triplets) are there?

Accepted Answer

A) 12 
B) 24 
C) 36 
D) 64 
E) 128 
A) 12 
B) 24 
C) 36 
D) 64 
E) 128

Question 13

Which of the statements concerning the nucleotide with the name adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a ribonucleotide. 
B) It is composed of ribose, adenine, and a single phosphate group. 
C) It is found in RNA only. 
D) The phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of adenine. 
E) All of the statements are true. 
A) It is a ribonucleotide. 
B) It is composed of ribose, adenine, and a single phosphate group. 
C) It is found in RNA only. 
D) The phosphate group is attached to the 5' carbon of adenine. 
E) All of the statements are true.

Question 14

What commonly results when DNA is damaged by ultraviolet light?

Accepted Answer

A) cysteine dimers 
B) thymine dimers 
C) the conversion of purine bases to pyrimidine bases 
D) the conversion of pyrimidine bases to purine bases 
E) an increased production of DNA 
A) cysteine dimers 
B) thymine dimers 
C) the conversion of purine bases to pyrimidine bases 
D) the conversion of pyrimidine bases to purine bases 
E) an increased production of DNA

Question 15

Which of the following are correct base pairs in DNA? 
1.adenine and thymine 
2.adenine and cytosine 
3.thymine and guanine 
4.cytosine and guanine

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 4 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1, 3, and 4 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) 1 and 4 
B) 2 and 3 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1, 3, and 4 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.Which of the following correctly represents a nucleotide that may be found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I, II, and III 
E) I and IV 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I, II, and III 
E) I and IV

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mRNA in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) to serve as an enzyme in the formation of the DNA double helix 
B) to serve as an enzyme in DNA replication 
C) to transport amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis 
D) to transcribe the instructions for protein synthesis from DNA and carry this information to the ribosomes 
E) to serve as the structural site for protein synthesis 
A) to serve as an enzyme in the formation of the DNA double helix 
B) to serve as an enzyme in DNA replication 
C) to transport amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis 
D) to transcribe the instructions for protein synthesis from DNA and carry this information to the ribosomes 
E) to serve as the structural site for protein synthesis

Question 18

What is accomplished by the use of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) separation of DNA fragments according to size 
B) hybridization of DNA fragments 
C) formation of daughter DNA molecules 
D) identification of base composition 
E) rapid DNA synthesis 
A) separation of DNA fragments according to size 
B) hybridization of DNA fragments 
C) formation of daughter DNA molecules 
D) identification of base composition 
E) rapid DNA synthesis

Question 19

Which of the following correctly describes a triplet codon?

Accepted Answer

A) An RNA molecule that contains three ribonucleotides. 
B) A sequence of three amino acids in a protein that signals for transcription. 
C) A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. 
D) A sequence of three reactions that leads to protein synthesis. 
E) A DNA molecule that contains three genes that each code for a different protein. 
A) An RNA molecule that contains three ribonucleotides. 
B) A sequence of three amino acids in a protein that signals for transcription. 
C) A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. 
D) A sequence of three reactions that leads to protein synthesis. 
E) A DNA molecule that contains three genes that each code for a different protein.

Question 20

What is the name for the nucleotide formed from deoxyribose, adenine, and two phosphoryl groups?

Accepted Answer

A) adenosine phosphate 
B) deoxyadenosine phosphate 
C) D-adenine diphosphate 
D) deoxyriboadenine diphosphate 
E) deoxyadenosine diphosphate 
A) adenosine phosphate 
B) deoxyadenosine phosphate 
C) D-adenine diphosphate 
D) deoxyriboadenine diphosphate 
E) deoxyadenosine diphosphate

Exam 20: Introduction to Molecular Genetics

What sequence on a DNA molecule indicates where RNA polymerase should begin transcription?

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

What is the requirement for a radiolabeled DNA or RNA molecule (i.e., a probe) to hybridize to a section of DNA?

Which of the following represents the backbone structure of a DNA polymer?

Which term refers to the sequence of three nucleotides at the base of the cloverleaf of a tRNA molecule?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a complementary copy of a gene on DNA.

DNA isolated from human cheek cells was found to contain 21% guanine.What else is true about the base composition of this DNA sample?

Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in all but one of the items below.Which one does NOT involve hydrogen bonding?

Which pyrimidine bases are found in DNA?

A DNA template strand having the sequence shown below would produce an mRNA molecule with what sequence? 3'-CGATCA-5'

What term is used to describe bacterial enzymes that are used to "cut" the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences?

The genetic code is composed of triplets using four different bases.How many different codons (triplets) are there?

Which of the statements concerning the nucleotide with the name adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP) is FALSE?

What commonly results when DNA is damaged by ultraviolet light?

Which of the following are correct base pairs in DNA? 1.adenine and thymine 2.adenine and cytosine 3.thymine and guanine 4.cytosine and guanine

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.Which of the following correctly represents a nucleotide that may be found in nucleic acids?

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mRNA in a cell?

What is accomplished by the use of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?

Which of the following correctly describes a triplet codon?

What is the name for the nucleotide formed from deoxyribose, adenine, and two phosphoryl groups?

Chemistry:methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, Chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter- Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, Radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry- the Saturated Hydrocarbons

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons- Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Fatty Acid Metabolism

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