Question 1

Each cycle through β-oxidation releases what substance from the fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl CoA 
B) CO2 
C) phenyl acetate 
D) ATP 
E) acetic acid 
A) acetyl CoA 
B) CO2 
C) phenyl acetate 
D) ATP 
E) acetic acid A

Question 2

What is the major storage form of fatty acids in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen 
B) triglycerides 
C) cellulose 
D) protein 
E) lipoproteins 
A) glycogen 
B) triglycerides 
C) cellulose 
D) protein 
E) lipoproteins B

Question 3

Insulin acts only on those cells that have insulin receptor protein in their plasma membranes.Which of the following cell types are target cells for insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) adipose 
C) muscle 
D) liver and muscle 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) liver 
B) adipose 
C) muscle 
D) liver and muscle 
E) All of these are correct. E

Question 4

What compound serves as the starting material for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and is also a key intermediate in fatty acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) carnitine 
B) glucose 
C) bile salt 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) lactate 
A) carnitine 
B) glucose 
C) bile salt 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) lactate

Question 5

What metabolic pathway produces β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and acetoacetate?

Accepted Answer

A) β-oxidation 
B) ketogenesis 
C) acidosis 
D) lipogenesis 
E) glycolysis 
A) β-oxidation 
B) ketogenesis 
C) acidosis 
D) lipogenesis 
E) glycolysis

Question 6

Lipases hydrolyze triglycerides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following correctly describes the activation and inhibition by insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) Insulin activates anabolic processes and inhibits catabolic processes. 
B) Insulin activates dehydration processes and inhibits biosynthetic processes. 
C) Insulin activates catabolic processes and inhibits anabolic processes. 
D) Insulin activates biosynthetic processes and inhibits anabolic processes. 
E) Insulin activates anabolic processes and inhibits biosynthetic processes. 
A) Insulin activates anabolic processes and inhibits catabolic processes. 
B) Insulin activates dehydration processes and inhibits biosynthetic processes. 
C) Insulin activates catabolic processes and inhibits anabolic processes. 
D) Insulin activates biosynthetic processes and inhibits anabolic processes. 
E) Insulin activates anabolic processes and inhibits biosynthetic processes.

Question 8

The pathway for the production of ketone bodies begins with a reversal of the last step of another pathway.What is this pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) urea cycle 
B) β-oxidation 
C) α-reduction 
D) β-reduction 
E) citric acid cycle 
A) urea cycle 
B) β-oxidation 
C) α-reduction 
D) β-reduction 
E) citric acid cycle

Question 9

What is the function of lipase enzymes on triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A) Lipase enzymes emulsify triglycerides. 
B) Lipase enzymes hydrolyze triglycerides. 
C) Lipase enzymes allow triglycerides to be stored in adipose tissue. 
D) Lipase enzymes oxidize triglycerides. 
E) Lipase enzymes reduce triglycerides. 
A) Lipase enzymes emulsify triglycerides. 
B) Lipase enzymes hydrolyze triglycerides. 
C) Lipase enzymes allow triglycerides to be stored in adipose tissue. 
D) Lipase enzymes oxidize triglycerides. 
E) Lipase enzymes reduce triglycerides.

Question 10

What is the primary function of bile salts in fatty acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) to hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids 
B) to hydrolyze triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids 
C) to break down and emulsify large fat globules to make them more readily hydrolyzable by lipases 
D) to transport triglycerides through the lymphatic system and into the bloodstream 
E) to activate fatty acids in preparation for β-oxidation 
A) to hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids 
B) to hydrolyze triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids 
C) to break down and emulsify large fat globules to make them more readily hydrolyzable by lipases 
D) to transport triglycerides through the lymphatic system and into the bloodstream 
E) to activate fatty acids in preparation for β-oxidation

Question 11

Insulin and glucagon have the same biochemical function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which two electron carriers are produced in each cycle of β-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

A) NADH and NADPH 
B) NADH and FAD 
C) NAD+ and FAD 
D) NADH and FADH2 
E) NADPH and FADH2 
A) NADH and NADPH 
B) NADH and FAD 
C) NAD+ and FAD 
D) NADH and FADH2 
E) NADPH and FADH2

Question 13

What type of compound is produced from acetyl CoA when there is insufficient oxaloacetate to allow all the acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) glycogen 
C) disaccharides 
D) ketone bodies 
E) nucleotides 
A) amino acids 
B) glycogen 
C) disaccharides 
D) ketone bodies 
E) nucleotides

Question 14

The ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and acetoacetate are shown below.Which ketone bodies are responsible for the condition known as ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) acetone 
B) acetoacetate 
C) β-hydroxybutyrate 
D) acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate 
E) All three ketone bodies are responsible for ketoacidosis. 
A) acetone 
B) acetoacetate 
C) β-hydroxybutyrate 
D) acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate 
E) All three ketone bodies are responsible for ketoacidosis.

Question 15

Complete oxidation of fatty acids yields more energy than complete oxidation of an equal mass of glucose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following hormones inhibits the breakdown of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) progesterone 
D) prostaglandins 
E) cholesterol 
A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) progesterone 
D) prostaglandins 
E) cholesterol

Question 17

When the ketone body acetoacetate undergoes reduction of the ketone carbonyl group, β-hydroxybutyrate, another ketone body, is formed.What is the structure of β-hydroxybutyrate?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 18

Which organ provides a steady supply of glucose for muscle and brain tissues and plays a major role in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) stomach 
C) small intestine 
D) islets of Langerhans 
E) gallbladder 
A) liver 
B) stomach 
C) small intestine 
D) islets of Langerhans 
E) gallbladder

Question 19

Which protein binds to the surface of a lipid droplet and helps pancreatic lipases to adhere to the surface and hydrolyze triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A) colipase 
B) cholic acid 
C) chenodeoxycholic acid 
D) insulin 
E) glucagon 
A) colipase 
B) cholic acid 
C) chenodeoxycholic acid 
D) insulin 
E) glucagon

Question 20

What substance is secreted by the gallbladder in response to the presence of fat globules in the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) bile 
C) hydrochloric acid 
D) β-oxidase 
E) Both insulin and bile are correct. 
A) insulin 
B) bile 
C) hydrochloric acid 
D) β-oxidase 
E) Both insulin and bile are correct.

Exam 23: Fatty Acid Metabolism

Each cycle through β-oxidation releases what substance from the fatty acid?

What is the major storage form of fatty acids in the body?

Insulin acts only on those cells that have insulin receptor protein in their plasma membranes.Which of the following cell types are target cells for insulin?

What compound serves as the starting material for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and is also a key intermediate in fatty acid metabolism?

What metabolic pathway produces β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and acetoacetate?

Lipases hydrolyze triglycerides.

Which of the following correctly describes the activation and inhibition by insulin?

The pathway for the production of ketone bodies begins with a reversal of the last step of another pathway.What is this pathway?

What is the function of lipase enzymes on triglycerides?

What is the primary function of bile salts in fatty acid metabolism?

Insulin and glucagon have the same biochemical function.

Which two electron carriers are produced in each cycle of β-oxidation?

What type of compound is produced from acetyl CoA when there is insufficient oxaloacetate to allow all the acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle?

The ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and acetoacetate are shown below.Which ketone bodies are responsible for the condition known as ketoacidosis?

Complete oxidation of fatty acids yields more energy than complete oxidation of an equal mass of glucose.

Which of the following hormones inhibits the breakdown of lipids?

When the ketone body acetoacetate undergoes reduction of the ketone carbonyl group, β-hydroxybutyrate, another ketone body, is formed.What is the structure of β-hydroxybutyrate?

Which organ provides a steady supply of glucose for muscle and brain tissues and plays a major role in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

Which protein binds to the surface of a lipid droplet and helps pancreatic lipases to adhere to the surface and hydrolyze triglycerides?

What substance is secreted by the gallbladder in response to the presence of fat globules in the duodenum?

Chemistry:methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, Chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter- Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, Radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry- the Saturated Hydrocarbons

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons- Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Filters