Question 1

What is the source of energy for the activation of a fatty acid in β-oxidation?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylation of AMP 
B) hydrolysis of the thioester bond in acetyl CoA 
C) hydrolysis of ATP to AMP 
D) conversion of NADH to NAD+ 
E) oxidation of glycerol 
A) phosphorylation of AMP 
B) hydrolysis of the thioester bond in acetyl CoA 
C) hydrolysis of ATP to AMP 
D) conversion of NADH to NAD+ 
E) oxidation of glycerol

Question 2

What compound stored in working muscles is degraded when the muscles require energy?

Accepted Answer

A) fructose 
B) acetyl CoA 
C) acetone 
D) amino acids 
E) glycogen 
A) fructose 
B) acetyl CoA 
C) acetone 
D) amino acids 
E) glycogen

Question 3

Which of the following processes is inhibited by insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogenolysis 
B) citric acid cycle 
C) glycolysis 
D) pyruvate synthesis 
E) glycogenesis 
A) glycogenolysis 
B) citric acid cycle 
C) glycolysis 
D) pyruvate synthesis 
E) glycogenesis

Question 4

How many molecules of ATP are produced by the complete oxidation of palmitate, a 16-carbon fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 
B) 36 
C) 64 
D) 106 
E) 129 
A) 4 
B) 36 
C) 64 
D) 106 
E) 129

Question 5

What is the function of malonyl ACP in the biosynthesis of fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) to oxidize the β-carbon of the growing fatty acid chain 
B) to add two-carbon units to the growing fatty acid chain 
C) to shorten the fatty acid chain by two-carbon units 
D) to isomerize the trans double bonds in fatty acids to cis double bonds 
E) None of these are correct; malonyl ACP is used in β-oxidation of fatty acids. 
A) to oxidize the β-carbon of the growing fatty acid chain 
B) to add two-carbon units to the growing fatty acid chain 
C) to shorten the fatty acid chain by two-carbon units 
D) to isomerize the trans double bonds in fatty acids to cis double bonds 
E) None of these are correct; malonyl ACP is used in β-oxidation of fatty acids.

Question 6

How many molecules of acetyl CoA will be formed during the β-oxidation of a fatty acid containing a chain of ten carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 10 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 10

Question 7

Fatty acids must first be activated before undergoing β-oxidation.This activation involves which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A) combination of the fatty acid with coenzyme A to yield fatty acyl CoA 
B) oxidation of the fatty acid by NAD+ 
C) joining of the fatty acid to ATP 
D) decarboxylation of the fatty acid to form a smaller molecule, which can easily enter the mitochondria 
E) neutralization of the fatty acid by a base 
A) combination of the fatty acid with coenzyme A to yield fatty acyl CoA 
B) oxidation of the fatty acid by NAD+ 
C) joining of the fatty acid to ATP 
D) decarboxylation of the fatty acid to form a smaller molecule, which can easily enter the mitochondria 
E) neutralization of the fatty acid by a base

Question 8

Where in the cell are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of fatty acids located?

Accepted Answer

A) endosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) liposomes 
D) cytoplasm 
E) nucleus 
A) endosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) liposomes 
D) cytoplasm 
E) nucleus

Question 9

What is the name of the multi-enzyme complex that carries out the seven steps of fatty acid biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acid synthase 
B) fatty acid conglomerate 
C) NADH 
D) fatty acid lipase 
E) ACP 
A) fatty acid synthase 
B) fatty acid conglomerate 
C) NADH 
D) fatty acid lipase 
E) ACP

Question 10

The fat cells that make up adipose tissue are capable of storing unlimited amounts of triglycerides.What are these fat cells called?

Accepted Answer

A) globucytes 
B) lymphocytes 
C) glycerocytes 
D) lipocytes 
E) adipocytes 
A) globucytes 
B) lymphocytes 
C) glycerocytes 
D) lipocytes 
E) adipocytes

Question 11

Chylomicrons are composed of amino acids and lipids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which statement concerning the complete oxidation of arachidic acid, CH3(CH2)18COOH, is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy equivalent to two ATP molecules is used to activate arachidic acid for β-oxidation. 
B) Arachidic acid undergoes 9 cycles of β-oxidation. 
C) Arachidic acid produces 10 acetyl CoA molecules. 
D) The energy yield is 163 molecules of ATP. 
E) All of the statements are true. 
A) Energy equivalent to two ATP molecules is used to activate arachidic acid for β-oxidation. 
B) Arachidic acid undergoes 9 cycles of β-oxidation. 
C) Arachidic acid produces 10 acetyl CoA molecules. 
D) The energy yield is 163 molecules of ATP. 
E) All of the statements are true.

Question 13

What is the primary function of the β-oxidation pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) to break down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol 
B) to synthesize fatty acids from the glycogen reserves in the body 
C) to synthesize triglycerides from the fatty acid stores in the body 
D) to completely degrade fatty acids into two-carbon acetyl CoA units 
E) to degrade two-carbon acetyl CoA units into CO2 and H2O 
A) to break down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol 
B) to synthesize fatty acids from the glycogen reserves in the body 
C) to synthesize triglycerides from the fatty acid stores in the body 
D) to completely degrade fatty acids into two-carbon acetyl CoA units 
E) to degrade two-carbon acetyl CoA units into CO2 and H2O

Question 14

The heart muscle prefers ketone bodies over glucose as its energy source.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The fourth reaction in β-oxidation of fatty acids is shown below and involves the oxidation of the β-carbon.What is the product of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 16

Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels by inducing the breakdown of glycogen and the production of glucose by gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) cortisone 
D) adrenalin 
E) cholesterol 
A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) cortisone 
D) adrenalin 
E) cholesterol

Question 17

What general class of enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A) glycerases 
B) lipases 
C) oxidases 
D) reductases 
E) hydroxylases 
A) glycerases 
B) lipases 
C) oxidases 
D) reductases 
E) hydroxylases

Question 18

Bile salts act as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) detergents 
B) enzymes 
C) fatty acids 
D) amino acids 
E) lipoproteins 
A) detergents 
B) enzymes 
C) fatty acids 
D) amino acids 
E) lipoproteins

Question 19

What is the major storage site for triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A) in the cells of the small intestine 
B) in mitochondria 
C) in the cytoplasm of adipocytes 
D) in mitochondria and in the cytoplasm of adipocytes 
E) All of the choices are correct. 
A) in the cells of the small intestine 
B) in mitochondria 
C) in the cytoplasm of adipocytes 
D) in mitochondria and in the cytoplasm of adipocytes 
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 20

Insulin stimulates glycogen formation while it simultaneously inhibits two other processes.What two processes does it inhibit?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis 
B) gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis 
C) glycogenolysis and lipolysis 
D) ketogenesis and lipolysis 
E) lipolysis and glycogenolysis 
A) glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis 
B) gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis 
C) glycogenolysis and lipolysis 
D) ketogenesis and lipolysis 
E) lipolysis and glycogenolysis

Exam 23: Fatty Acid Metabolism

What is the source of energy for the activation of a fatty acid in β-oxidation?

What compound stored in working muscles is degraded when the muscles require energy?

Which of the following processes is inhibited by insulin?

How many molecules of ATP are produced by the complete oxidation of palmitate, a 16-carbon fatty acid?

What is the function of malonyl ACP in the biosynthesis of fatty acids?

How many molecules of acetyl CoA will be formed during the β-oxidation of a fatty acid containing a chain of ten carbon atoms?

Fatty acids must first be activated before undergoing β-oxidation.This activation involves which of the following processes?

Where in the cell are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of fatty acids located?

What is the name of the multi-enzyme complex that carries out the seven steps of fatty acid biosynthesis?

The fat cells that make up adipose tissue are capable of storing unlimited amounts of triglycerides.What are these fat cells called?

Chylomicrons are composed of amino acids and lipids.

Which statement concerning the complete oxidation of arachidic acid, CH3(CH2)18COOH, is true?

What is the primary function of the β-oxidation pathway?

The heart muscle prefers ketone bodies over glucose as its energy source.

The fourth reaction in β-oxidation of fatty acids is shown below and involves the oxidation of the β-carbon.What is the product of this reaction?

Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels by inducing the breakdown of glycogen and the production of glucose by gluconeogenesis?

What general class of enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides?

Bile salts act as which of the following?

What is the major storage site for triglycerides?

Insulin stimulates glycogen formation while it simultaneously inhibits two other processes.What two processes does it inhibit?

Chemistry:methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, Chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter- Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, Radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry- the Saturated Hydrocarbons

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons- Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Filters

Which statement concerning the complete oxidation of arachidic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₈COOH, is true?