Question 1

What is the molecular formula of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) C6H12O5 
B) C6H12O6 
C) C6H10O5 
D) C5H10O5 
E) C9H18O9 
A) C6H12O5 
B) C6H12O6 
C) C6H10O5 
D) C5H10O5 
E) C9H18O9 B

Question 2

If left untreated, galactosemia leads to mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Monosaccharides are structurally defined as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones 
B) hemiacetals and acetals 
C) polyamides or polyesters 
D) enols and enolates 
E) carboxylic acids 
A) polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones 
B) hemiacetals and acetals 
C) polyamides or polyesters 
D) enols and enolates 
E) carboxylic acids A

Question 4

Monosaccharides exist predominantly as cyclic hemiacetals.Cyclic hemiacetals have both an α and a β form.Which of the following monosaccharides are shown in the β form?

Accepted Answer

A) III only 
B) IV only 
C) I and III 
D) II and IV 
E) All are shown in the β form. 
A) III only 
B) IV only 
C) I and III 
D) II and IV 
E) All are shown in the β form.

Question 5

The Fischer projection for the naturally occurring form of fucose, one of the carbohydrates used as a cell marker in the determination of blood types, is shown below.Is this D-fucose or L-fucose?

Accepted Answer

A) D-fucose 
B) L-fucose 
C) It is neither D- nor L-; fucose is not chiral. 
D) It is impossible to determine from the Fischer projection alone. 
A) D-fucose 
B) L-fucose 
C) It is neither D- nor L-; fucose is not chiral. 
D) It is impossible to determine from the Fischer projection alone.

Question 6

Which property of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde differs?

Accepted Answer

A) melting point 
B) solubility 
C) direction of rotation of plane-polarized light 
D) density 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) melting point 
B) solubility 
C) direction of rotation of plane-polarized light 
D) density 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

What is the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) sucrose 
B) cellulose 
C) glycogen 
D) fructose 
E) amylose 
A) sucrose 
B) cellulose 
C) glycogen 
D) fructose 
E) amylose

Question 8

What term properly describes the relationship between the two compounds shown?

Accepted Answer

A) betamers 
B) constitutional isomers 
C) enantiomers 
D) anomers 
E) unrelated 
A) betamers 
B) constitutional isomers 
C) enantiomers 
D) anomers 
E) unrelated

Question 9

Which enantiomer of glyceraldehyde is represented in the following structure?

Accepted Answer

A) L-glyceraldehyde 
B) α-glyceraldehyde 
C) β-glyceraldehyde 
D) D-glyceraldehyde 
E) It is impossible to determine from the structure alone. 
A) L-glyceraldehyde 
B) α-glyceraldehyde 
C) β-glyceraldehyde 
D) D-glyceraldehyde 
E) It is impossible to determine from the structure alone.

Question 10

What is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized by Benedict?s reagent 
B) a sugar that contains an acetal 
C) a carbohydrate that can be reduced by Benedict?s reagent 
D) a sugar that can be digested by the body 
E) a carbohydrate that is part of a polysaccharide 
A) a carbohydrate that can be oxidized by Benedict?s reagent 
B) a sugar that contains an acetal 
C) a carbohydrate that can be reduced by Benedict?s reagent 
D) a sugar that can be digested by the body 
E) a carbohydrate that is part of a polysaccharide

Question 11

Gentobiose, a rare disaccharide found in saffron, produces two identical monosaccharides when it undergoes hydrolysis.What is the structure of the monosaccharide hydrolysis product?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)   
E. None of these are correct. 
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)   
E. None of these are correct.

Question 12

What two monosaccharides join to form the disaccharide lactose?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose and galactose 
B) galactose and fructose 
C) ribose and galactose 
D) glucose and fructose 
E) glucose and glucose 
A) glucose and galactose 
B) galactose and fructose 
C) ribose and galactose 
D) glucose and fructose 
E) glucose and glucose

Question 13

The structure of ribose, found in RNA, is shown below.How does the structure of deoxyribose, found in DNA, compare to it?

Accepted Answer

A) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen. 
B) Deoxyribose has one more oxygen. 
C) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen and one less hydrogen. 
D) Deoxyribose has one less hydrogen. 
E) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen and two less hydrogens. 
A) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen. 
B) Deoxyribose has one more oxygen. 
C) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen and one less hydrogen. 
D) Deoxyribose has one less hydrogen. 
E) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen and two less hydrogens.

Question 14

Which statement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Molecules that contain a chiral carbon will rotate plane-polarized light. 
B) If one molecule rotates plane-polarized light clockwise 10°, its enantiomer will rotate plane-polarized light counterclockwise by 10°. 
C) The D- and L- designation of sugars is determined by the chiral atom farthest from the most oxidized carbon. 
D) All sugars designated with a D- prefix will rotate plane-polarized light in a clockwise direction. 
E) Dextrorotatory sugars rotate plane-polarized light clockwise and are designated by a plus sign (+). 
A) Molecules that contain a chiral carbon will rotate plane-polarized light. 
B) If one molecule rotates plane-polarized light clockwise 10°, its enantiomer will rotate plane-polarized light counterclockwise by 10°. 
C) The D- and L- designation of sugars is determined by the chiral atom farthest from the most oxidized carbon. 
D) All sugars designated with a D- prefix will rotate plane-polarized light in a clockwise direction. 
E) Dextrorotatory sugars rotate plane-polarized light clockwise and are designated by a plus sign (+).

Question 15

Which form of D-glucose has the -OH group on carbon-1 below the ring in the Haworth projection?

Accepted Answer

A) meso 
B) L 
C) α 
D) β 
E) γ 
A) meso 
B) L 
C) α 
D) β 
E) γ

Question 16

Amylose and amylopectin are both components of starch.How do their structures differ?

Accepted Answer

A) Amylose is a monosaccharide and amylopectin is a polysaccharide. 
B) Amylose is a polysaccharide and amylopectin is a disaccharide. 
C) Amylose is an aldose and amylopectin is a ketose. 
D) Amylose is a linear polysaccharide and amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide. 
E) Amylose is a hexose and amylopectin is a pentose. 
A) Amylose is a monosaccharide and amylopectin is a polysaccharide. 
B) Amylose is a polysaccharide and amylopectin is a disaccharide. 
C) Amylose is an aldose and amylopectin is a ketose. 
D) Amylose is a linear polysaccharide and amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide. 
E) Amylose is a hexose and amylopectin is a pentose.

Question 17

What are the major sites of glycogen storage in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A) fat and pancreas 
B) liver and muscle 
C) stomach and intestines 
D) kidneys and stomach 
E) heart and brain 
A) fat and pancreas 
B) liver and muscle 
C) stomach and intestines 
D) kidneys and stomach 
E) heart and brain

Question 18

The glycosidic linkages found in most disaccharides and polysaccharides are acetal bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A termite's digestive organs produce a cellulase that allows it to break down wood fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following carbohydrates is also known as dextrose, and is the sugar referred to when blood sugar is measured?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen 
B) sucrose 
C) glucose 
D) starch 
E) lactose 
A) glycogen 
B) sucrose 
C) glucose 
D) starch 
E) lactose

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

What is the molecular formula of glucose?

If left untreated, galactosemia leads to mental retardation.

Monosaccharides are structurally defined as which of the following?

Monosaccharides exist predominantly as cyclic hemiacetals.Cyclic hemiacetals have both an α and a β form.Which of the following monosaccharides are shown in the β form?

The Fischer projection for the naturally occurring form of fucose, one of the carbohydrates used as a cell marker in the determination of blood types, is shown below.Is this D-fucose or L-fucose?

Which property of D-glyceraldehyde and L-glyceraldehyde differs?

What is the most abundant carbohydrate on Earth?

What term properly describes the relationship between the two compounds shown?

Which enantiomer of glyceraldehyde is represented in the following structure?

What is a reducing sugar?

Gentobiose, a rare disaccharide found in saffron, produces two identical monosaccharides when it undergoes hydrolysis.What is the structure of the monosaccharide hydrolysis product?

What two monosaccharides join to form the disaccharide lactose?

The structure of ribose, found in RNA, is shown below.How does the structure of deoxyribose, found in DNA, compare to it?

Which statement is FALSE?

Which form of D-glucose has the -OH group on carbon-1 below the ring in the Haworth projection?

Amylose and amylopectin are both components of starch.How do their structures differ?

What are the major sites of glycogen storage in the human body?

The glycosidic linkages found in most disaccharides and polysaccharides are acetal bonds.

A termite's digestive organs produce a cellulase that allows it to break down wood fibers.

Which of the following carbohydrates is also known as dextrose, and is the sugar referred to when blood sugar is measured?

Chemistry:methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, Chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter- Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy, Rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, Radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry- the Saturated Hydrocarbons

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons- Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Fatty Acid Metabolism

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