Question 1

What does the field of environmental health cover?

Accepted Answer

The field of environmental health assess

Question 2

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
-The flat line at the left in (b) probably represents ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that there is no biological effect of the toxicant at low doses 
B)  that no data was collected for the flat line area 
C)  the bodyʹs immune system and other defenses which are deployed against the toxicant 
D)  competing effects of some other substance whose effect wasnʹt measured 
E)  the fact that no toxicant was introduced until the response line begins to rise 
A)  the fact that there is no biological effect of the toxicant at low doses 
B)  that no data was collected for the flat line area 
C)  the bodyʹs immune system and other defenses which are deployed against the toxicant 
D)  competing effects of some other substance whose effect wasnʹt measured 
E)  the fact that no toxicant was introduced until the response line begins to rise

Question 3

Acute exposure to an environmental toxin ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  makes it difficult to associate the symptoms with a cause 
B)  is usually untreatable and fatal 
C)  is the case with chronic alcohol and nicotine abuse 
D)  involves low levels of exposure over long periods of time 
E)  are high exposures over short times and associated with a specific cause 
A)  makes it difficult to associate the symptoms with a cause 
B)  is usually untreatable and fatal 
C)  is the case with chronic alcohol and nicotine abuse 
D)  involves low levels of exposure over long periods of time 
E)  are high exposures over short times and associated with a specific cause

Question 4

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
-Toxicant used as a flame retardant and insulator; carcinogen and scars the lungs when inhaled

Accepted Answer

A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead 
A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead

Question 5

The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  industrial chemicals 
B)  food additives 
C)  cosmetics 
D)  pesticides 
E)  drugs 
A)  industrial chemicals 
B)  food additives 
C)  cosmetics 
D)  pesticides 
E)  drugs

Question 6

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Mercury is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in minerals and rocks. Release of mercury from natural sources has been relatively constant over time. However, anthropogenic release of mercury has increased significantly in recent years primarily due to increased fossil fuel mining and combustion. Mercury that is released into the air eventually ends up in soils or surface water. Once in water, microbes convert mercury into methyl mercury, which is absorbed quickly and concentrated in the tissues of predatory fish such as shark and swordfish. Large fish typically concentrate more mercury than small fish. People who eat fish with high methyl mercury concentrations can show tremors, deafness, muscle dysfunction, and attention deficits. Pregnant women and children are especially sensitive to methyl mercuryʹs toxic effects. Learning disabilities and developmental delays are common in children who have been exposed to significant levels of methyl mercury.
-Of the following U.S. agencies, ______________ is primarily responsible for addressing issues regarding mercury pollution.

Accepted Answer

A)  DOE 
B)  USDA 
C)  EPA 
D)  OSHA 
E)  BLM 
A)  DOE 
B)  USDA 
C)  EPA 
D)  OSHA 
E)  BLM

Question 7

The effect of toxicants on fetuses and young children ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  has not raised concern among environmental health professionals 
B)  is greater because of their developmental immaturity, rapid growth and smaller biomass 
C)  is less than for adults because their metabolism is higher 
D)  is generally the same for adults 
E)  has been thoroughly evaluated for every chemical released into both indoor and outdoor environments 
A)  has not raised concern among environmental health professionals 
B)  is greater because of their developmental immaturity, rapid growth and smaller biomass 
C)  is less than for adults because their metabolism is higher 
D)  is generally the same for adults 
E)  has been thoroughly evaluated for every chemical released into both indoor and outdoor environments

Question 8

The European Unionʹs REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of chemicals) program ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  shifts the burden of testing chemical safety from government to industry 
B)  was originally enacted to protect endangered species 
C)  is enforced by the FDA 
D)  was ordered by the Stockholm Convention of 1949 
E)  was originally enacted to protect agriculture 
A)  shifts the burden of testing chemical safety from government to industry 
B)  was originally enacted to protect endangered species 
C)  is enforced by the FDA 
D)  was ordered by the Stockholm Convention of 1949 
E)  was originally enacted to protect agriculture

Question 9

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
-Widely used as a lining in metal food and drink cans and to make polycarbonate plastic, a hard, clear plastic found in water bottles and many other products. Mimics the female sex hormone estrogen

Accepted Answer

A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead 
A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead

Question 10

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
-Neurotoxin that magnifies within food webs; typically found in polluted bodies of water; it poisoned
thousands of people when it was dumped into the waters off Japan; people who ate contaminated fish from the waters exhibited convulsions, slurred speech, loss of muscle control, and sudden fits of laughter; some people died

Accepted Answer

A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead 
A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead

Question 11

Briefly comment on the research to determine the toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA). Also, explain why this topic represents a challenge to scientific integrity and credibility and the implications for national and international policies on this compound that depend on the research.

Accepted Answer

Bisphenol A (BPA) has been implicated as

Question 12

PCB contamination of the environment ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is the main focus of the book Silent Spring 
B)  was the main environmental problem in Lake Apopka 
C)  has never been documented outside the United States 
D)  is a continuing problem because PCBs are non-biodegradable and persist in the environment 
E)  results from over-application of pesticides 
A)  is the main focus of the book Silent Spring 
B)  was the main environmental problem in Lake Apopka 
C)  has never been documented outside the United States 
D)  is a continuing problem because PCBs are non-biodegradable and persist in the environment 
E)  results from over-application of pesticides

Question 13

An organism, such as a mosquito, that transmits a disease-causing organism to a host is called a ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  vector 
B)  vehicle 
C)  bacterium 
D)  fungus 
E)  virus 
A)  vector 
B)  vehicle 
C)  bacterium 
D)  fungus 
E)  virus

Question 14

______________ are best defined as substances that cause cancer.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurotoxins 
B)  Teratogens 
C)  Allergens 
D)  Carcinogens 
E)  Vectors 
A)  Neurotoxins 
B)  Teratogens 
C)  Allergens 
D)  Carcinogens 
E)  Vectors

Question 15

Pesticides in the United States are registered through the ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  EPA 
B)  PRA 
C)  BLM 
D)  USDA 
E)  FDA 
A)  EPA 
B)  PRA 
C)  BLM 
D)  USDA 
E)  FDA

Question 16

Briefly explain the dose-response relationship.

Accepted Answer

The dose-response relationship allows sc

Question 17

Define risk assessment and risk management. Discuss how risk management combines science and other social factors.

Accepted Answer

The first step in risk assessment determ

Question 18

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
-The LD50 indicates the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lowest dose required to cure half of the population 
B)  lowest dose that kills 50 out of 1000 members of the population 
C)  amount of toxicant it takes to kill half the population 
D)  lowest dose required to cure the entire population 
E)  lowest dose that kills any member of the population 
A)  lowest dose required to cure half of the population 
B)  lowest dose that kills 50 out of 1000 members of the population 
C)  amount of toxicant it takes to kill half the population 
D)  lowest dose required to cure the entire population 
E)  lowest dose that kills any member of the population

Question 19

Infectious diseases are a much greater problem in developing countries than in developed nations. In developing countries, such diseases account for nearly half of all deaths. This is because ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  developing countries generally lack many of the health and medical services found in developed countries 
B)  most of the developing countries are in tropical climates and medicines donʹt work well in these climates 
C)  virtually no developed nation is willing to help the developing countries with their infectious disease problems 
D)  even when medical care is available, many people in developing nations do not have the money to pay for it 
E)  Both A and D. 
A)  developing countries generally lack many of the health and medical services found in developed countries 
B)  most of the developing countries are in tropical climates and medicines donʹt work well in these climates 
C)  virtually no developed nation is willing to help the developing countries with their infectious disease problems 
D)  even when medical care is available, many people in developing nations do not have the money to pay for it 
E)  Both A and D.

Question 20

What are endocrine disruptors? How do they work on pests? Why are they a problem for humans? Have they been banned? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine disruptors are toxicants that

What does the field of environmental health cover?

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. -The flat line at the left in (b) probably represents ________________.

Acute exposure to an environmental toxin ______________

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Toxicant used as a flame retardant and insulator; carcinogen and scars the lungs when inhaled

The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates ______________.

The effect of toxicants on fetuses and young children ______________

The European Unionʹs REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of chemicals) program ______________.

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Widely used as a lining in metal food and drink cans and to make polycarbonate plastic, a hard, clear plastic found in water bottles and many other products. Mimics the female sex hormone estrogen

Briefly comment on the research to determine the toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA). Also, explain why this topic represents a challenge to scientific integrity and credibility and the implications for national and international policies on this compound that depend on the research.

PCB contamination of the environment ______________.

An organism, such as a mosquito, that transmits a disease-causing organism to a host is called a ______________

______________ are best defined as substances that cause cancer.

Pesticides in the United States are registered through the ______________.

Briefly explain the dose-response relationship.

Define risk assessment and risk management. Discuss how risk management combines science and other social factors.

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. -The LD50 indicates the _______________.

Infectious diseases are a much greater problem in developing countries than in developed nations. In developing countries, such diseases account for nearly half of all deaths. This is because ______________

What are endocrine disruptors? How do they work on pests? Why are they a problem for humans? Have they been banned? Why or why not?

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Epilogue

Filters

Exam 10: Environmental Health and Toxicology

What does the field of environmental health cover?

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. -The flat line at the left in (b) probably represents ________________.

Acute exposure to an environmental toxin ______________

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Toxicant used as a flame retardant and insulator; carcinogen and scars the lungs when inhaled

The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates ______________.

The effect of toxicants on fetuses and young children ______________

The European Unionʹs REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of chemicals) program ______________.

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Widely used as a lining in metal food and drink cans and to make polycarbonate plastic, a hard, clear plastic found in water bottles and many other products. Mimics the female sex hormone estrogen

Briefly comment on the research to determine the toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA). Also, explain why this topic represents a challenge to scientific integrity and credibility and the implications for national and international policies on this compound that depend on the research.

PCB contamination of the environment ______________.

An organism, such as a mosquito, that transmits a disease-causing organism to a host is called a ______________

______________ are best defined as substances that cause cancer.

Pesticides in the United States are registered through the ______________.

Briefly explain the dose-response relationship.

Define risk assessment and risk management. Discuss how risk management combines science and other social factors.

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. -The LD50 indicates the _______________.

Infectious diseases are a much greater problem in developing countries than in developed nations. In developing countries, such diseases account for nearly half of all deaths. This is because ______________

What are endocrine disruptors? How do they work on pests? Why are they a problem for humans? Have they been banned? Why or why not?

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Epilogue

Filters