Question 1

Studies of endocrine disruptors have shown that they are closely associated with all of the following except ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  male feminization 
B)  thyroid hormone abnormalities 
C)  gonadal abnormalities 
D)  low birth rates 
E)  lung cancer 
A)  male feminization 
B)  thyroid hormone abnormalities 
C)  gonadal abnormalities 
D)  low birth rates 
E)  lung cancer E

Question 2

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
-The graph in (c) is one type that may occur when a test animal is exposed to a(n) ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  household cleaner 
B)  solvent 
C)  insecticide 
D)  fungicide 
E)  endocrine disruptor 
A)  household cleaner 
B)  solvent 
C)  insecticide 
D)  fungicide 
E)  endocrine disruptor E

Question 3

______________ is/are biodegradable and known to have (a) short persistence time(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  PBDEs 
B)  DDE 
C)  Bt 
D)  PCBs 
E)  DDT 
A)  PBDEs 
B)  DDE 
C)  Bt 
D)  PCBs 
E)  DDT C

Question 4

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Mercury is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in minerals and rocks. Release of mercury from natural sources has been relatively constant over time. However, anthropogenic release of mercury has increased significantly in recent years primarily due to increased fossil fuel mining and combustion. Mercury that is released into the air eventually ends up in soils or surface water. Once in water, microbes convert mercury into methyl mercury, which is absorbed quickly and concentrated in the tissues of predatory fish such as shark and swordfish. Large fish typically concentrate more mercury than small fish. People who eat fish with high methyl mercury concentrations can show tremors, deafness, muscle dysfunction, and attention deficits. Pregnant women and children are especially sensitive to methyl mercuryʹs toxic effects. Learning disabilities and developmental delays are common in children who have been exposed to significant levels of methyl mercury.
-Concentrations of methyl mercury are higher in large fish relative to concentrations in the air. This is best described as ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  distillation 
B)  toxification 
C)  biomagnification 
D)  synergism 
E)  bioaccumulation 
A)  distillation 
B)  toxification 
C)  biomagnification 
D)  synergism 
E)  bioaccumulation

Question 5

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
-Toxicant present in paint; damages the brain, liver, kidney, and stomach when ingested

Accepted Answer

A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead 
A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead

Question 6

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
-Used as a sleeping pill for pregnant women; teratogen that now is banned

Accepted Answer

A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead 
A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead

Question 7

Properties of toxicants likely to build up in animals through bioaccumulation are ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  carcinogens and mutagens 
B)  non-biodegradable, lipid-soluble 
C)  biodegradable, water soluble 
D)  gases carried by pesticide drift 
E)  nitrogen and sulfur compounds 
A)  carcinogens and mutagens 
B)  non-biodegradable, lipid-soluble 
C)  biodegradable, water soluble 
D)  gases carried by pesticide drift 
E)  nitrogen and sulfur compounds

Question 8

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Mercury is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in minerals and rocks. Release of mercury from natural sources has been relatively constant over time. However, anthropogenic release of mercury has increased significantly in recent years primarily due to increased fossil fuel mining and combustion. Mercury that is released into the air eventually ends up in soils or surface water. Once in water, microbes convert mercury into methyl mercury, which is absorbed quickly and concentrated in the tissues of predatory fish such as shark and swordfish. Large fish typically concentrate more mercury than small fish. People who eat fish with high methyl mercury concentrations can show tremors, deafness, muscle dysfunction, and attention deficits. Pregnant women and children are especially sensitive to methyl mercuryʹs toxic effects. Learning disabilities and developmental delays are common in children who have been exposed to significant levels of methyl mercury.
-Mercury is not readily excreted; it is stored in mammalian body tissues. This is best described as ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  biomagnification 
B)  distillation 
C)  toxification 
D)  bioaccumulation 
E)  synergism 
A)  biomagnification 
B)  distillation 
C)  toxification 
D)  bioaccumulation 
E)  synergism

Question 9

How is the precautionary principle used in environmental health? What is an alternative philosophical approach?

Accepted Answer

The precautionary principle states that

Question 10

Tyrone Hayes is most famous for his studies ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  about the dangers of second-hand smoke 
B)  describing abnormalities in alligators in Lake Apopka 
C)  on neurological effects of pesticide poisoning 
D)  about the dangers of DDT 
E)  on gonadal abnormalities in frogs 
A)  about the dangers of second-hand smoke 
B)  describing abnormalities in alligators in Lake Apopka 
C)  on neurological effects of pesticide poisoning 
D)  about the dangers of DDT 
E)  on gonadal abnormalities in frogs

Question 11

According to the Precautionary Principle we should ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  halt the manufacture and use of synthetic chemicals 
B)  do extensive government scientific testing before restricting a chemical for use 
C)  levy large fines against companies that manufacture toxic substances 
D)  allow industry to do their own research to determine if a chemical is safe 
E)  restrict any chemical that is suspected of toxicity until it is proven safe 
A)  halt the manufacture and use of synthetic chemicals 
B)  do extensive government scientific testing before restricting a chemical for use 
C)  levy large fines against companies that manufacture toxic substances 
D)  allow industry to do their own research to determine if a chemical is safe 
E)  restrict any chemical that is suspected of toxicity until it is proven safe

Question 12

Transport of airborne toxicants, a specific problem in agricultural environments, is called pesticide ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  drift 
B)  leaching 
C)  transposition 
D)  run-off 
E)  globalization 
A)  drift 
B)  leaching 
C)  transposition 
D)  run-off 
E)  globalization

Question 13

Explain and give an example of biomagnification.

Accepted Answer

When one organism ingests a toxicant, th

Question 14

Explain how response to hazards can vary based upon individual differences and type of exposure. Give examples, where appropriate.

Accepted Answer

Different individuals may be more sensit

Question 15

Synergistic effects of toxicants that are mixed together ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  have effects that tend to cancel one another out 
B)  typically have simple additive effects 
C)  always involve synthetic toxicants 
D)  often are multiplicative (the mixed toxicants may multiply each otherʹs effects) 
E)  are not numerous in the natural environment 
A)  have effects that tend to cancel one another out 
B)  typically have simple additive effects 
C)  always involve synthetic toxicants 
D)  often are multiplicative (the mixed toxicants may multiply each otherʹs effects) 
E)  are not numerous in the natural environment

Question 16

What are epidemiological studies, and what is their value? Are there any disadvantages to epidemiological studies?

Accepted Answer

They involve large-scale comparisons amo

Question 17

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
-Insecticide used to kill mosquitoes; banned in the United States in 1973 due to its toxicity

Accepted Answer

A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead 
A) aldicarb 
B) thalidomide 
C) bisphenol-A 
D) DDT 
E) asbestos
F)nicotine
G)cadmium
H)arsenic
I)mercury
J)atrazine
K)lead

Question 18

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Mercury is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in minerals and rocks. Release of mercury from natural sources has been relatively constant over time. However, anthropogenic release of mercury has increased significantly in recent years primarily due to increased fossil fuel mining and combustion. Mercury that is released into the air eventually ends up in soils or surface water. Once in water, microbes convert mercury into methyl mercury, which is absorbed quickly and concentrated in the tissues of predatory fish such as shark and swordfish. Large fish typically concentrate more mercury than small fish. People who eat fish with high methyl mercury concentrations can show tremors, deafness, muscle dysfunction, and attention deficits. Pregnant women and children are especially sensitive to methyl mercuryʹs toxic effects. Learning disabilities and developmental delays are common in children who have been exposed to significant levels of methyl mercury.
-Based upon the specific health effects described above, mercury would be best classified as a(n) ______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  synergist 
B)  neurotoxin 
C)  carcinogen 
D)  allergen 
E)  endocrine disruptor 
A)  synergist 
B)  neurotoxin 
C)  carcinogen 
D)  allergen 
E)  endocrine disruptor

Question 19

Louis Guillette is most famous for his studies ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  on gonadal abnormalities in frogs 
B)  about the dangers of DDT 
C)  on neurological effects of pesticide poisoning 
D)  about the dangers of second-hand smoke 
E)  describing reproductive and developmental abnormalities in alligators Florida lakes 
A)  on gonadal abnormalities in frogs 
B)  about the dangers of DDT 
C)  on neurological effects of pesticide poisoning 
D)  about the dangers of second-hand smoke 
E)  describing reproductive and developmental abnormalities in alligators Florida lakes

Question 20

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Mercury is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in minerals and rocks. Release of mercury from natural sources has been relatively constant over time. However, anthropogenic release of mercury has increased significantly in recent years primarily due to increased fossil fuel mining and combustion. Mercury that is released into the air eventually ends up in soils or surface water. Once in water, microbes convert mercury into methyl mercury, which is absorbed quickly and concentrated in the tissues of predatory fish such as shark and swordfish. Large fish typically concentrate more mercury than small fish. People who eat fish with high methyl mercury concentrations can show tremors, deafness, muscle dysfunction, and attention deficits. Pregnant women and children are especially sensitive to methyl mercuryʹs toxic effects. Learning disabilities and developmental delays are common in children who have been exposed to significant levels of methyl mercury.
-Mercury is to methylmercury as DDT is to ______________

Accepted Answer

A)  DDE 
B)  PBP 
C)  PCB 
D)  POP 
E)  DEP 
A)  DDE 
B)  PBP 
C)  PCB 
D)  POP 
E)  DEP

Studies of endocrine disruptors have shown that they are closely associated with all of the following except ______________

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. -The graph in (c) is one type that may occur when a test animal is exposed to a(n) ___________.

______________ is/are biodegradable and known to have (a) short persistence time(s).

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Toxicant present in paint; damages the brain, liver, kidney, and stomach when ingested

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Used as a sleeping pill for pregnant women; teratogen that now is banned

Properties of toxicants likely to build up in animals through bioaccumulation are ______________

How is the precautionary principle used in environmental health? What is an alternative philosophical approach?

Tyrone Hayes is most famous for his studies ______________

According to the Precautionary Principle we should ______________

Transport of airborne toxicants, a specific problem in agricultural environments, is called pesticide ______________.

Explain and give an example of biomagnification.

Explain how response to hazards can vary based upon individual differences and type of exposure. Give examples, where appropriate.

Synergistic effects of toxicants that are mixed together ______________

What are epidemiological studies, and what is their value? Are there any disadvantages to epidemiological studies?

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Insecticide used to kill mosquitoes; banned in the United States in 1973 due to its toxicity

Louis Guillette is most famous for his studies ______________

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Epilogue

Filters

Exam 10: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Studies of endocrine disruptors have shown that they are closely associated with all of the following except ______________

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. -The graph in (c) is one type that may occur when a test animal is exposed to a(n) ___________.

______________ is/are biodegradable and known to have (a) short persistence time(s).

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Toxicant present in paint; damages the brain, liver, kidney, and stomach when ingested

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Used as a sleeping pill for pregnant women; teratogen that now is banned

Properties of toxicants likely to build up in animals through bioaccumulation are ______________

How is the precautionary principle used in environmental health? What is an alternative philosophical approach?

Tyrone Hayes is most famous for his studies ______________

According to the Precautionary Principle we should ______________

Transport of airborne toxicants, a specific problem in agricultural environments, is called pesticide ______________.

Explain and give an example of biomagnification.

Explain how response to hazards can vary based upon individual differences and type of exposure. Give examples, where appropriate.

Synergistic effects of toxicants that are mixed together ______________

What are epidemiological studies, and what is their value? Are there any disadvantages to epidemiological studies?

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Insecticide used to kill mosquitoes; banned in the United States in 1973 due to its toxicity

Louis Guillette is most famous for his studies ______________

Science and Sustainability: an Introduction to Environmental Science

Environmental Systems: Matter, Energy, and Ecosystems

Evolution, Biodiversity, and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Economics, Policy, and Sustainable Development

Human Population

Soil, Agriculture, and the Future of Food

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

Geology, Minerals, and Mining

Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Atmospheric Science, Air Quality, and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Nonrenewable Energy Sources, Their Impacts, and Energy Conservation

Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

Epilogue

Filters