Exam 10: Environmental Health and Toxicology

Toxicants that cause harm by affecting the immune system include ______________.

Toxicants that interrupt essential biochemical processes in organisms by blocking one or steps in important biochemical reactions are known as ______________ .

A naturally occurring substance that seeps up from the ground and that is potentially toxic to people is ______________.

Carcinogens may be difficult to identify because ______________.

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. -Assume that the scales for graphs (a) and (b) are identical. Compare the graphs. Which of the following statements is true?

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. Mercury is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in minerals and rocks. Release of mercury from natural sources has been relatively constant over time. However, anthropogenic release of mercury has increased significantly in recent years primarily due to increased fossil fuel mining and combustion. Mercury that is released into the air eventually ends up in soils or surface water. Once in water, microbes convert mercury into methyl mercury, which is absorbed quickly and concentrated in the tissues of predatory fish such as shark and swordfish. Large fish typically concentrate more mercury than small fish. People who eat fish with high methyl mercury concentrations can show tremors, deafness, muscle dysfunction, and attention deficits. Pregnant women and children are especially sensitive to methyl mercuryʹs toxic effects. Learning disabilities and developmental delays are common in children who have been exposed to significant levels of methyl mercury. -Prior to 2005, no rules regulating mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants existed in the United States. This represents the ______________

Of the chemicals that fall under the TSCA ______________% have been tested for toxicity and ______________ have been tested for endocrine, nervous, or immune system damage.

DDT, DDE, PCBs, and PBDEs are all ______________.

Rachel Carsonʹs book Silent Spring primarily focuses on the environmental problems associated with ______________.

Infectious disease accounts for % of deaths globally ______________

Some indoor chemical hazard(s) are ______________

The book Our Stolen Future was important because it ______________.

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Most widely used herbicide in the United States; an endocrine disruptor

Bisphenol A is ______________.

Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. -Figures such as these ___________.

______________ are best defined as substances that cause birth defects.

The bald eagle, osprey, and peregrine falcon all are ______________.

Aquatic animals such as fish and frogs are especially good indicators of water pollution because ______________.

Suppose that the concentration of DDT in a lake is 0.0000003 ppm (parts per million) and the concentration of DDT in the tissues of an osprey (a fish-eating bird) is 25 ppm. This is an example of ______________.

List the properties that determine the rate of degradation of toxicants.