Exam 12: Fresh Water, Oceans, and Coasts

Ignoring human alterations to the landscape, what causes floods, and what is their value ecologically?

Only about 2.5% of all the water on our planet is freshwater, however,________________ .

Upwelling ________________.

Why was the irrigation of Soviet cotton farming operations a problem?

Currently, the greatest ecological crisis facing marine food webs is ________________.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. On a September day in 1999, folks began to notice that Lake Jackson in the panhandle region of northern Florida was shrinking. Within a few days, it was almost gone. A sinkhole had opened beneath the lake and drained it, along with all of the fish and alligators. As aquifers lose water, their substrates can become weaker and less capable of supporting overlying strata and any human structures built upon them. In such cases, the land surface above may subside. Sometimes subsidence can occur locally and suddenly, in the form of sinkholes, areas where the ground gives way with little warning. Once the ground subsides, soil becomes compacted, losing the porosity that enabled it to hold water. Recharging a depleted aquifer may therefore become more difficult. -In July of 2001, the town of Spring Hill, Florida, about 45 miles north of Tampa, had 18 sinkholes appear in a single day. The largest holes were nearly 100 feet deep. A good explanation for this is that ________________.

Much of the biosolids material that is the end product of a water treatment plant is ________________.

Use the figure above to answer the following question -The pair of mallard ducks in the figure eats floating plants such as duckweed, seeds of shoreline plants, and very small organisms at or near the surface. They would be most affected by any change to the __________________.

Of the following, ________________ is one of the major pollutants of groundwater.

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Ponds covered with aquatic vegetation: a stage in succession of aquatic ecosystems

Dam removal in this country ________________.

Freshwater wetlands provide important ecosystem services, including ________________.

Discuss the environmental, quality and economic issues associated with the manufacture and consumption of bottled water.

How can agricultural irrigation practices be altered to decrease loss of freshwater?

Of the following, ________________ characterize(s) an oligotrophic lake or pond.

In a municipal water treatment plant, the primary treatment step consists of ________________.

Precipitation that falls on Earthʹs surface ________________.

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. On a September day in 1999, folks began to notice that Lake Jackson in the panhandle region of northern Florida was shrinking. Within a few days, it was almost gone. A sinkhole had opened beneath the lake and drained it, along with all of the fish and alligators. As aquifers lose water, their substrates can become weaker and less capable of supporting overlying strata and any human structures built upon them. In such cases, the land surface above may subside. Sometimes subsidence can occur locally and suddenly, in the form of sinkholes, areas where the ground gives way with little warning. Once the ground subsides, soil becomes compacted, losing the porosity that enabled it to hold water. Recharging a depleted aquifer may therefore become more difficult. -Sinkholes are an extreme form of ________________.

Why is too much algal growth, as a result of eutrophication, a problem in a freshwater system?

Water in the surface zone of the ocean is, for the most part ________________.