Question 1

A 2003 study reported that of industrialized fishing. ________________% of large -bodied fish and sharks were lost in the first decade

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 40 
D) 50 
E) 90 
A) 10 
B) 20 
C) 40 
D) 50 
E) 90 E

Question 2

Salt marshes are ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) found in temperate intertidal zones 
B) found where mangroves grow along shorelines 
C) typically found on remote tropical islands 
D) typically found wherever violent wave action scours a shoreline 
E) too salty (saline)for most species found in the intertidal zone 
A) found in temperate intertidal zones 
B) found where mangroves grow along shorelines 
C) typically found on remote tropical islands 
D) typically found wherever violent wave action scours a shoreline 
E) too salty (saline)for most species found in the intertidal zone A

Question 3

Explain the NADW in the context of global climate change.

Accepted Answer

The North Atlantic Deep Water Circulation Pattern is a sort of conveyor belt that moves less salty (fresher),less dense warmer water from the equatorial zones northward,carrying heat to higher latitudes in the Atlantic Ocean,thus moderating Europe's climate.Recently,scientists have realized that interrupting the NADW could trigger climate change.If global warming causes large portions of the Greenland ice sheet to melt,freshwater runoff into the North Atlantic would increase.Surface waters would become less dense from the dilution and warming because warm freshwater is less dense than cold saltwater.This could stop the northward flow of warm equatorial water,whereby the entire North Atlantic region,including much of Europe,could cool rapidly as a result.

Question 4

Water in the surface zone of the ocean is,for the most part, ________________ .

Accepted Answer

A) the saltiest 
B) low in oxygen 
C) the coldest 
D) well mixed 
E) the densest 
A) the saltiest 
B) low in oxygen 
C) the coldest 
D) well mixed 
E) the densest

Question 5

What is the most reasonable explanation for the recent trend in dolphin numbers in the eastern Pacific,as shown in part (b)?

Accepted Answer

A) Dolphins are not federally protected,and therefore their populations have not recovered. 
B) Dolphin populations have not recovered because humans have caught much of their prey,reducing the number of fish that are available to eat. 
C) Tuna fleets still catch a considerable number of dolphins as bycatch,so their numbers have not recovered. 
D) Although dolphins are no longer being caught as bycatch,their populations have not recovered because fleets are now fishing for these dolphins. 
E) Dolphin populations have not recovered because an Ebola -like pathogen has been decimating their populations. 
A) Dolphins are not federally protected,and therefore their populations have not recovered. 
B) Dolphin populations have not recovered because humans have caught much of their prey,reducing the number of fish that are available to eat. 
C) Tuna fleets still catch a considerable number of dolphins as bycatch,so their numbers have not recovered. 
D) Although dolphins are no longer being caught as bycatch,their populations have not recovered because fleets are now fishing for these dolphins. 
E) Dolphin populations have not recovered because an Ebola -like pathogen has been decimating their populations.

Question 6

All of the following are allowed in marine protected areas EXCEPT ________________

Accepted Answer

A) fishing 
B) oil drilling 
C) the installation of oil pipelines 
D) the harvesting of kelp 
E) the laying of fiber -optic cables 
A) fishing 
B) oil drilling 
C) the installation of oil pipelines 
D) the harvesting of kelp 
E) the laying of fiber -optic cables

Question 7

All of the following are true of ocean currents EXCEPT ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) they are always rapid and powerful 
B) they are driven by wind 
C) they are driven by density differences 
D) they are driven by temperature 
E) they are driven by gravity 
A) they are always rapid and powerful 
B) they are driven by wind 
C) they are driven by density differences 
D) they are driven by temperature 
E) they are driven by gravity

Question 8

Approximately overexploited ________________% of the world's marine fish populations are either fully exploited or

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 40 
C) 50 
D) 60 
E) 80 
A) 20 
B) 40 
C) 50 
D) 60 
E) 80

Question 9

What are the motives for establishing marine protected areas and reserves? How do marine sanctuaries differ from reserves?

Accepted Answer

With the great majority of commercial sp

Question 10

Where would you find a kelp forest?

Accepted Answer

A) in a silty coastal area 
B) in a coral reef 
C) along a continental shelf 
D) in an estuary 
E) in a salt marsh 
A) in a silty coastal area 
B) in a coral reef 
C) along a continental shelf 
D) in an estuary 
E) in a salt marsh

Question 11

El Niño and La Niña events ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) both decrease water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean 
B) both increase water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean 
C) produce changes of opposite direction in temperature and precipitation patterns 
D) occur in precise patterns every 10 years 
E) both increase water temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico 
A) both decrease water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean 
B) both increase water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean 
C) produce changes of opposite direction in temperature and precipitation patterns 
D) occur in precise patterns every 10 years 
E) both increase water temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico

Question 12

In the thermohaline circulation systems,surface water is ________________

Accepted Answer

A) cold and dense 
B) driven by winds from north to south 
C) warm and dense 
D) less salty,less dense,and warmer 
E) saltier and colder 
A) cold and dense 
B) driven by winds from north to south 
C) warm and dense 
D) less salty,less dense,and warmer 
E) saltier and colder

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE of eutrophication in marine systems?

Accepted Answer

A) It provides needed limiting nutrients. 
B) It is rare and occurs only in bad weather. 
C) It can aid corals by killing parasites. 
D) It can lead to algal blooms and red tides that kill fish. 
E) It does not occur. 
A) It provides needed limiting nutrients. 
B) It is rare and occurs only in bad weather. 
C) It can aid corals by killing parasites. 
D) It can lead to algal blooms and red tides that kill fish. 
E) It does not occur.

Question 14

________________ involves the exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific.

Accepted Answer

A) A La Niña event 
B) A Pacific shallow -water warming event 
C) The Coriolis effect 
D) A Pacific deep -water warming event 
E) An El Niño event 
A) A La Niña event 
B) A Pacific shallow -water warming event 
C) The Coriolis effect 
D) A Pacific deep -water warming event 
E) An El Niño event

Question 15

Explain how increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and warmer coastal waters resulting from global climate change may affect coral reefs.

Accepted Answer

If water temperatures increase,many spec

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of bycatching?

Accepted Answer

A) Canadian fishermen switch to catching capelin because of the moratorium on cod fishing. 
B) Fishing fleets surround a marine reserve and try to capture any fish entering and leaving the reserve. 
C) A shark is captured and killed because it keeps swimming by a crowded public beach. 
D) A fishing fleet destroys a coral reef while they bottomtrawl for shellfish. 
E) Fishermen accidentally catch sea turtles while drift netting for pelagic fish. 
A) Canadian fishermen switch to catching capelin because of the moratorium on cod fishing. 
B) Fishing fleets surround a marine reserve and try to capture any fish entering and leaving the reserve. 
C) A shark is captured and killed because it keeps swimming by a crowded public beach. 
D) A fishing fleet destroys a coral reef while they bottomtrawl for shellfish. 
E) Fishermen accidentally catch sea turtles while drift netting for pelagic fish.

Question 17

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) increased gas taxes to pay for the Exxon Valdez spill 
B) was a global treaty signed by all oil -transporting nations 
C) required that by 2015 all oil tankers in U.S.water be double hulled 
D) restricted oil movement to land rather than sea 
E) is not effective at altering national oil incidents 
A) increased gas taxes to pay for the Exxon Valdez spill 
B) was a global treaty signed by all oil -transporting nations 
C) required that by 2015 all oil tankers in U.S.water be double hulled 
D) restricted oil movement to land rather than sea 
E) is not effective at altering national oil incidents

Question 18

What are groundfish?

Accepted Answer

A) various species that live in littoral habitats,such as tuna and whitefish 
B) various species that live in benthic habitats,such as halibut and flounder 
C) fish that are ground up and used for bait 
D) various species that are found in estuaries 
E) fish that form the base of the food web of deep -water habitats 
A) various species that live in littoral habitats,such as tuna and whitefish 
B) various species that live in benthic habitats,such as halibut and flounder 
C) fish that are ground up and used for bait 
D) various species that are found in estuaries 
E) fish that form the base of the food web of deep -water habitats

Question 19

Most present -day fisheries managers ________________

Accepted Answer

A) want all laws regarding fishing to be abolished 
B) favor protection of commercially valuable species and not others 
C) favor short -term solutions to marine ecosystem problems 
D) favor taxes on commercial fishing boats 
E) wish to set aside areas of ocean where systems can function without human interference 
A) want all laws regarding fishing to be abolished 
B) favor protection of commercially valuable species and not others 
C) favor short -term solutions to marine ecosystem problems 
D) favor taxes on commercial fishing boats 
E) wish to set aside areas of ocean where systems can function without human interference

Question 20

Red tides are caused by ________________

Accepted Answer

A) increased ocean carbon dioxide content 
B) sharks attacking harbor seals and walruses 
C) increased ocean oxygen content 
D) the position of the moon 
E) elevated nutrient levels 
A) increased ocean carbon dioxide content 
B) sharks attacking harbor seals and walruses 
C) increased ocean oxygen content 
D) the position of the moon 
E) elevated nutrient levels

Exam 16: Marine and Coastal Systems and Resources

A 2003 study reported that of industrialized fishing. ________________% of large -bodied fish and sharks were lost in the first decade

Salt marshes are ________________.

Explain the NADW in the context of global climate change.

Water in the surface zone of the ocean is,for the most part, ________________ .

What is the most reasonable explanation for the recent trend in dolphin numbers in the eastern Pacific,as shown in part (b)?

All of the following are allowed in marine protected areas EXCEPT ________________

All of the following are true of ocean currents EXCEPT ________________.

Approximately overexploited ________________% of the world's marine fish populations are either fully exploited or

What are the motives for establishing marine protected areas and reserves? How do marine sanctuaries differ from reserves?

Where would you find a kelp forest?

El Niño and La Niña events ________________.

In the thermohaline circulation systems,surface water is ________________

Which of the following is TRUE of eutrophication in marine systems?

________________ involves the exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific.

Explain how increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and warmer coastal waters resulting from global climate change may affect coral reefs.

Which of the following is an example of bycatching?

The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 ________________.

What are groundfish?

Most present -day fisheries managers ________________

Red tides are caused by ________________

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