Question 1

Briefly describe the population control program that China instituted in the 1970s.Explain why it was instituted,how it was enforced,and why it was controversial.

Accepted Answer

In the 1970s,China's population swelled due to improved health and food production and distribution.At that time,the average Chinese woman gave birth to 5.8 children.The burgeoning population and its industrial and agricultural development were eroding the nation's soils,depleting its water,leveling its forests,and polluting its air.The government instituted a population control program that precluded Chinese couples in urban areas from having more than one child.Rewards (e.g.,better housing,schooling,and medical treatment)and punishments (e.g.,fines,employment discrimination,and social scorn)were used to enforce the one -child limit.The "success" of the program was facilitated by China's communist government.It is unlikely that a similar policy instituted in a democratic society would have been met with as much acceptance and compliance.The policy is controversial to Westerners because it restricts personal freedoms.

Question 2

Which area on the map has the highest population density?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E E

Question 3

Why do environmentalists such as Paul Ehrlich view unchecked population growth as a problem?

Accepted Answer

Environmentalists recognize that much of Earth's natural capital cannot be effectively replaced.Land area is one of these.We cannot expand Earth,increasing its surface area to accommodate an unlimited population.Overpopulation also leads to degradation of natural systems and loss of biodiversity.We cannot always devise a substitute for lost ecosystem services and cannot replicate the exact function of missing species in ecosystems.Lost species may perform vital ecosystem services such as pollination,and they may also have educational,aesthetic,or medicinal value that is irreplaceable.While Ehrlich's predictions of the 1960s have not fully materialized in the 2000s,the fact remains that many ecosystem services are in a state of decline,and despite the view of some Cornucopian economists that we can safely ignore his warnings,the pressure of a growing global population on essential resources and biodiversity remains unmistakable.

Question 4

If there is ____________,a country's population growth rate will increase.

Accepted Answer

A) increased emigration 
B) increased industrialization 
C) increased immigration 
D) decreased immigration 
E) increased urbanization 
A) increased emigration 
B) increased industrialization 
C) increased immigration 
D) decreased immigration 
E) increased urbanization

Question 5

Recent research suggests that __________________ Brazil over the past several decades.

Accepted Answer

A) legalization of abortions has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in 
B) exposure to environmental estrogens 
C) AIDS and malaria 
D) soap operas 
E) laws preventing women from having more than one child 
A) legalization of abortions has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in 
B) exposure to environmental estrogens 
C) AIDS and malaria 
D) soap operas 
E) laws preventing women from having more than one child

Question 6

The term demographic transition refers to ____________

Accepted Answer

A) a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable 
B) the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches it biocapacity 
C) the decline in death rates and subsequent decline in birth rates that occur as a country economically develops 
D) the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity 
E) the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred because sanitation levels in areas improved 
A) a requirement for a population to reach a specific size before it becomes stable 
B) the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches it biocapacity 
C) the decline in death rates and subsequent decline in birth rates that occur as a country economically develops 
D) the slowing down in the growth of a population as it approaches the carrying capacity 
E) the decline in death rates followed by a decline in birth rates that occurred because sanitation levels in areas improved

Question 7

Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China? and has

Accepted Answer

A) A one -child policy enforced through taxation and penalties may have been too successful in controlling population growth. 
B) Changing public attitudes about family size through communication,education,counseling,and contraceptives have reduced the population growth rates. 
C) Increasing child survival,elevated status and employment levels for women,and increased literacy in the general population has decreased fertility rates. 
D) There is minimal governmental financial support for birth control for all couples. 
E) A one -child policy that requires all women to work and guarantees education for all has decreased fertility rates. 
A) A one -child policy enforced through taxation and penalties may have been too successful in controlling population growth. 
B) Changing public attitudes about family size through communication,education,counseling,and contraceptives have reduced the population growth rates. 
C) Increasing child survival,elevated status and employment levels for women,and increased literacy in the general population has decreased fertility rates. 
D) There is minimal governmental financial support for birth control for all couples. 
E) A one -child policy that requires all women to work and guarantees education for all has decreased fertility rates.

Question 8

The United Nations currently predicts that Earth will be home to almost the year 2050 ____________ billion people by

Accepted Answer

A) 11 
B) 10 
C) 9 
D) 7 
E) 5 
A) 11 
B) 10 
C) 9 
D) 7 
E) 5

Question 9

What three -factor model is used for representing the impact of humans on the environment? What is a fourth factor that could be added to this? Give a simple explanation for each factor.

Accepted Answer

The full equation is I = P + A + T.The t

Question 10

Zero population growth occurs in a population when ____________

Accepted Answer

A) birth rate equals death rate,and there is no migration 
B) the carrying capacity is larger than the ecological footprint 
C) total fertility rate exceeds the average replacement rate 
D) people have as many children as they can in the first five years of marriage 
E) the ecological footprints are larger than the carrying capacity 
A) birth rate equals death rate,and there is no migration 
B) the carrying capacity is larger than the ecological footprint 
C) total fertility rate exceeds the average replacement rate 
D) people have as many children as they can in the first five years of marriage 
E) the ecological footprints are larger than the carrying capacity

Question 11

Demographically speaking,the effects of AIDS are most significant because ____________

Accepted Answer

A) it is caused by a virus 
B) AIDS sickens and kills the youngest and most productive members of society 
C) AIDS strikes affluent people more than poor people 
D) AIDS leaves behind orphans 
E) it is not known who is resistant to AIDS 
A) it is caused by a virus 
B) AIDS sickens and kills the youngest and most productive members of society 
C) AIDS strikes affluent people more than poor people 
D) AIDS leaves behind orphans 
E) it is not known who is resistant to AIDS

Question 12

According to the IPAT model,which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental impact of a society?

Accepted Answer

A) increased use of electricity and natural gas by most members of a society 
B) construction of industrial plants by wealthy nations to draw on cheaper labor 
C) the discovery of large reserves of fossil fuels within a nation's borders 
D) providing developing countries with the technologies needed for manufacturing automobiles 
E) greater use of birth control by most members of a society 
A) increased use of electricity and natural gas by most members of a society 
B) construction of industrial plants by wealthy nations to draw on cheaper labor 
C) the discovery of large reserves of fossil fuels within a nation's borders 
D) providing developing countries with the technologies needed for manufacturing automobiles 
E) greater use of birth control by most members of a society

Question 13

At what stage is the U.S.in the demographic transition model?

Accepted Answer

A) the postindustrial stage 
B) the stability transition stage 
C) the transitional stage 
D) the preindustrial stage 
E) the industrial stage 
A) the postindustrial stage 
B) the stability transition stage 
C) the transitional stage 
D) the preindustrial stage 
E) the industrial stage

Question 14

Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in __________________

Accepted Answer

A) Europe 
B) North America 
C) currently uninhabited areas such as Antarctica 
D) developing countries 
E) developed countries 
A) Europe 
B) North America 
C) currently uninhabited areas such as Antarctica 
D) developing countries 
E) developed countries

Question 15

Which area on the map is experiencing the highest population growth rate?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 16

Which area on the map has the highest infant mortality rate?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 17

What social and economic challenges are faced by rapidly growing populations and by aging populations?

Accepted Answer

Growing populations face problems associ

Question 18

Helmut Haberl and colleagues have compiled data on __________________ as a measure of how human population growth impacts Earth's natural resources and ecosystem services.

Accepted Answer

A) industrial pollution 
B) water quality and the state of Earth's wetlands 
C) human use of Earth's net primary productivity (NPP) 
D) invasive species such as zebra and quagga mussels 
E) loss of biodiversity,especially pollinators 
A) industrial pollution 
B) water quality and the state of Earth's wetlands 
C) human use of Earth's net primary productivity (NPP) 
D) invasive species such as zebra and quagga mussels 
E) loss of biodiversity,especially pollinators

Question 19

Describe the unintended consequences of China's one -child policy.

Accepted Answer

Although China's one -child policy was s

Question 20

The world population growth rate is currently approximately ____________ %.

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 10 
C) 5 
D) 2)5 
E) 1)2 
A) 20 
B) 10 
C) 5 
D) 2)5 
E) 1)2

Exam 8: Human Population

Briefly describe the population control program that China instituted in the 1970s.Explain why it was instituted,how it was enforced,and why it was controversial.

Which area on the map has the highest population density?

Why do environmentalists such as Paul Ehrlich view unchecked population growth as a problem?

If there is ____________,a country's population growth rate will increase.

Recent research suggests that __________________ Brazil over the past several decades.

The term demographic transition refers to ____________

Which statement most accurately describes the population control efforts in China? and has

The United Nations currently predicts that Earth will be home to almost the year 2050 ____________ billion people by

What three -factor model is used for representing the impact of humans on the environment? What is a fourth factor that could be added to this? Give a simple explanation for each factor.

Zero population growth occurs in a population when ____________

Demographically speaking,the effects of AIDS are most significant because ____________

According to the IPAT model,which of the following would most likely reduce the environmental impact of a society?

At what stage is the U.S.in the demographic transition model?

Most of the world population growth in the near future will be in __________________

Which area on the map is experiencing the highest population growth rate?

Which area on the map has the highest infant mortality rate?

What social and economic challenges are faced by rapidly growing populations and by aging populations?

Helmut Haberl and colleagues have compiled data on __________________ as a measure of how human population growth impacts Earth's natural resources and ecosystem services.

Describe the unintended consequences of China's one -child policy.

The world population growth rate is currently approximately ____________ %.

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