Question 1

Monoculture farming __________________

Accepted Answer

A) is always accompanied by no -till agriculture 
B) accounts for less than 1% of U.S.croplands 
C) requires no chemical fertilizers or pesticides 
D) is typical of Native American farming techniques 
E) is a development of industrial agriculture 
A) is always accompanied by no -till agriculture 
B) accounts for less than 1% of U.S.croplands 
C) requires no chemical fertilizers or pesticides 
D) is typical of Native American farming techniques 
E) is a development of industrial agriculture E

Question 2

Shelterbelts are to __________________ as terraces are to __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) stratification; salinization 
B) water erosion; wind erosion 
C) leaching; desertification 
D) salinization; stratification 
E) wind erosion; water erosion 
A) stratification; salinization 
B) water erosion; wind erosion 
C) leaching; desertification 
D) salinization; stratification 
E) wind erosion; water erosion E

Question 3

Drip irrigation is __________________

Accepted Answer

A) more than twice as efficient at conserving water as traditional conventional irrigation 
B) more likely to result in soil salinization than other irrigation techniques 
C) used in aquaculture 
D) typically used in combination with flood -and -furrow irrigation 
E) only half as efficient at conserving water as center -pivot irrigation 
A) more than twice as efficient at conserving water as traditional conventional irrigation 
B) more likely to result in soil salinization than other irrigation techniques 
C) used in aquaculture 
D) typically used in combination with flood -and -furrow irrigation 
E) only half as efficient at conserving water as center -pivot irrigation A

Question 4

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-This pyramid depicts soil ________________ .

Accepted Answer

A) profiles 
B) horizons 
C) nutrient content 
D) parent materials 
E) textures 
A) profiles 
B) horizons 
C) nutrient content 
D) parent materials 
E) textures

Question 5

No -till farming would be most beneficial for farmers __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) with steeply sloped fields 
B) using contour strip cropping 
C) who plant a cash crop every third year 
D) who typically experience minimal soil erosion 
E) whose cropland is in the Conservation Reserve Program 
A) with steeply sloped fields 
B) using contour strip cropping 
C) who plant a cash crop every third year 
D) who typically experience minimal soil erosion 
E) whose cropland is in the Conservation Reserve Program

Question 6

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Early People and Agricultural Beginnings:
Long ago, two sisters were talking as they returned from their morning trip to collect mushrooms, seeds, berries, and green le the day's meals. The younger woman was watching the progress of a small rabbit as it hopped across the path and toward the trash midden (refuse heap), where broken tools (made of bone, stone, or shell) were tossed, and where discarded food was thr She noticed the rabbit stop and begin nibbling at the many new, green shoots sprouting across one side of the midden. She wa over to look, and she saw that some of last year's discarded dried fruits were growing. Surprised and interested, she called he over to discuss this find.
-It is probably TRUE that ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) this group was quite large 
B) this group was living in a village they had established many years earlier 
C) until now,this group had not considered deliberately planting seeds 
D) this group already has a good agricultural system 
E) until now,this group had not considered hunting 
A) this group was quite large 
B) this group was living in a village they had established many years earlier 
C) until now,this group had not considered deliberately planting seeds 
D) this group already has a good agricultural system 
E) until now,this group had not considered hunting

Question 7

Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) irrigation is typically used in areas where windblown salts from sea spray can accumulate when the protective vegetation is removed 
B) shortages of fresh water require the use of saltwater for irrigation 
C) the irrigation water washes away soil leaving behind concentrated salts 
D) salts in the water are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates 
E) many of the plants grown in these regions excrete salts into the soil 
A) irrigation is typically used in areas where windblown salts from sea spray can accumulate when the protective vegetation is removed 
B) shortages of fresh water require the use of saltwater for irrigation 
C) the irrigation water washes away soil leaving behind concentrated salts 
D) salts in the water are deposited on the soil surface as water evaporates 
E) many of the plants grown in these regions excrete salts into the soil

Question 8

Factors involved in soil formation include __________________

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen -fixing bacteria and grazing by herbivores 
B) erosion,level terrain,and the absence of rooted vegetation 
C) tropical climate,acid precipitation,and frequent wildfires 
D) seasonal changes in the tides 
E) weathering of parent material and the addition of organic material 
A) nitrogen -fixing bacteria and grazing by herbivores 
B) erosion,level terrain,and the absence of rooted vegetation 
C) tropical climate,acid precipitation,and frequent wildfires 
D) seasonal changes in the tides 
E) weathering of parent material and the addition of organic material

Question 9

Discuss how specific land -use management strategies,such as no -till agriculture,can result in conservation and restoration of soils and financial savings.

Accepted Answer

Conventional industrial agriculture incl

Question 10

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Early People and Agricultural Beginnings:
Long ago, two sisters were talking as they returned from their morning trip to collect mushrooms, seeds, berries, and green le the day's meals. The younger woman was watching the progress of a small rabbit as it hopped across the path and toward the trash midden (refuse heap), where broken tools (made of bone, stone, or shell) were tossed, and where discarded food was thr She noticed the rabbit stop and begin nibbling at the many new, green shoots sprouting across one side of the midden. She wa over to look, and she saw that some of last year's discarded dried fruits were growing. Surprised and interested, she called he over to discuss this find.
-The next step in this story would likely be that this woman and her sister _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) began to trade seeds with people from other villages 
B) began to deliberately plant seeds near their village to make food gathering easier in the future 
C) started a full -scale garden,digging the soil and enriching it with food wastes 
D) began to save,sort,and name different types of seeds 
E) began to seek out old middens to find and eat the things growing there 
A) began to trade seeds with people from other villages 
B) began to deliberately plant seeds near their village to make food gathering easier in the future 
C) started a full -scale garden,digging the soil and enriching it with food wastes 
D) began to save,sort,and name different types of seeds 
E) began to seek out old middens to find and eat the things growing there

Question 11

Compaction of soil in a garden harms plants by __________________

Accepted Answer

A) increasing aeration,decreasing infiltration,and increasing runoff 
B) decreasing aeration,increasing infiltration,and decreasing runoff 
C) increasing the amount of clay,decreasing the amount of silt,and decreasing infiltration 
D) increasing aeration,increasing infiltration,and decreasing runoff 
E) decreasing aeration,decreasing infiltration,and increasing runoff 
A) increasing aeration,decreasing infiltration,and increasing runoff 
B) decreasing aeration,increasing infiltration,and decreasing runoff 
C) increasing the amount of clay,decreasing the amount of silt,and decreasing infiltration 
D) increasing aeration,increasing infiltration,and decreasing runoff 
E) decreasing aeration,decreasing infiltration,and increasing runoff

Question 12

Industrial agriculture __________________

Accepted Answer

A) permanently improved soils,providing more food from less space 
B) is necessary today for all cultures 
C) rapidly deteriorated soils,requiring continuous movement to new croplands 
D) had no impact on agriculture 
E) increased our ability to obtain more food from the same area 
A) permanently improved soils,providing more food from less space 
B) is necessary today for all cultures 
C) rapidly deteriorated soils,requiring continuous movement to new croplands 
D) had no impact on agriculture 
E) increased our ability to obtain more food from the same area

Question 13

The O horizon is __________________

Accepted Answer

A) primarily loam 
B) usually more sand than silt or clay 
C) composed primarily of bedrock 
D) composed of equal amounts of bedrock and organic material 
E) primarily composed of organic materials 
A) primarily loam 
B) usually more sand than silt or clay 
C) composed primarily of bedrock 
D) composed of equal amounts of bedrock and organic material 
E) primarily composed of organic materials

Question 14

The Conservation Reserve Program pays farmers to __________________

Accepted Answer

A) grow cattle feed instead of commercial crops 
B) stop growing tobacco 
C) grow soybeans and other kinds of harvestable groundcover 
D) stop cultivating highly erodible cropland 
E) grow native crops such as corn and beans 
A) grow cattle feed instead of commercial crops 
B) stop growing tobacco 
C) grow soybeans and other kinds of harvestable groundcover 
D) stop cultivating highly erodible cropland 
E) grow native crops such as corn and beans

Question 15

Describe how the advent of agriculture changed human societies.

Accepted Answer

Prior to the development of agricultural

Question 16

Describe the Dust Bowl and the lessons learned.

Accepted Answer

Homesteaders cultivated the native prair

Question 17

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-Which of the following soils would be classified as clay loam?

Accepted Answer

A) 70% clay,10% silt,and 20% sand 
B) 60% clay,70% sand,and 30% silt 
C) 70% silt and 30% sand 
D) 30% clay,40% sand,and 30% silt 
E) 60% clay and 40% silt 
A) 70% clay,10% silt,and 20% sand 
B) 60% clay,70% sand,and 30% silt 
C) 70% silt and 30% sand 
D) 30% clay,40% sand,and 30% silt 
E) 60% clay and 40% silt

Question 18

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Early People and Agricultural Beginnings:
Long ago, two sisters were talking as they returned from their morning trip to collect mushrooms, seeds, berries, and green le the day's meals. The younger woman was watching the progress of a small rabbit as it hopped across the path and toward the trash midden (refuse heap), where broken tools (made of bone, stone, or shell) were tossed, and where discarded food was thr She noticed the rabbit stop and begin nibbling at the many new, green shoots sprouting across one side of the midden. She wa over to look, and she saw that some of last year's discarded dried fruits were growing. Surprised and interested, she called he over to discuss this find.
-These women likely lived _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) about 100 to 300 years ago 
B) about 1000 to 2000 years ago 
C) about 10,000 years ago 
D) at least 200,000 to 250,000 years ago 
E) at least 500,000 years ago 
A) about 100 to 300 years ago 
B) about 1000 to 2000 years ago 
C) about 10,000 years ago 
D) at least 200,000 to 250,000 years ago 
E) at least 500,000 years ago

Question 19

Leaching and the rate of movement of water would be greatest in a soil classified as __________________

Accepted Answer

A) sand 
B) silt 
C) clay 
D) organic 
E) hypersaline 
A) sand 
B) silt 
C) clay 
D) organic 
E) hypersaline

Question 20

The results of the overapplication of fertilization can include __________________

Accepted Answer

A) crops spreading rapidly into nearby areas 
B) large crop yields per acre 
C) very large fruits and vegetables 
D) very fertile soils in future years 
E) eutrophication in nearby waters 
A) crops spreading rapidly into nearby areas 
B) large crop yields per acre 
C) very large fruits and vegetables 
D) very fertile soils in future years 
E) eutrophication in nearby waters

Exam 9: The Underpinnings of Agriculture

Monoculture farming __________________

Shelterbelts are to __________________ as terraces are to __________________.

Drip irrigation is __________________

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -This pyramid depicts soil ________________ .

No -till farming would be most beneficial for farmers __________________.

Irrigation can result in the salinization of soils because __________________.

Factors involved in soil formation include __________________

Discuss how specific land -use management strategies,such as no -till agriculture,can result in conservation and restoration of soils and financial savings.

Compaction of soil in a garden harms plants by __________________

Industrial agriculture __________________

The O horizon is __________________

The Conservation Reserve Program pays farmers to __________________

Describe how the advent of agriculture changed human societies.

Describe the Dust Bowl and the lessons learned.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -Which of the following soils would be classified as clay loam?

Leaching and the rate of movement of water would be greatest in a soil classified as __________________

The results of the overapplication of fertilization can include __________________

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Shelterbelts are to as terraces are to .