Question 1

A population is __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) a group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area 
B) a group of individuals of several interacting species that live in one area 
C) a group of cells that have similar function 
D) a group of individuals of several interacting species that interact in multiple ecosystems 
E) the sum of all individuals of a species in all locations 
A) a group of individuals of a single species that live and interact in one area 
B) a group of individuals of several interacting species that live in one area 
C) a group of cells that have similar function 
D) a group of individuals of several interacting species that interact in multiple ecosystems 
E) the sum of all individuals of a species in all locations A

Question 2

A population of quail lives in an area of prairie grasslands.In good years,a pair of quail can have four clutches of young,with as many as 12 to 14 eggs in each clutch.Despite this,the population size remains stable over the long term.Discuss the population structure,its potential for growth,and its possible limiting factors,using at least four of the terms you learned in this chapter.

Accepted Answer

Students might discuss the r -selection strategy of quail and their potential for exceeding the population's typical carrying capacity in a "good" year with mild weather and plentiful food.They might talk about the population distribution (clumped).They might choose to discuss the survivorship curve (type III),involving the large number of eggs and chicks and the rapid loss of young.Density -independent factors would include things such as weather and drought or floods.Some density -dependent factors might be disease,predators,available nesting sites,and the amount of food available.

Question 3

Describe the sixth mass extinction event and its specific causes.

Accepted Answer

Currently,most biologists believe that Earth is experiencing its sixth mass extinction event and that we are the cause.The changes to Earth's environment by human population growth,resource use,and development have greatly altered conditions for many species,have driven many to extinction already,and are threatening countless more.The alteration and outright destruction of natural habitats,the hunting and harvesting of species,pollution,and the introduction of invasive species from one place to another have contributed to the threat to Earth's biodiversity.

Question 4

Endemic species __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) are generalist organisms 
B) have high rates of mutations that lead to large numbers of offspring species 
C) are found only in one place on the planet 
D) cause disease 
E) are invasive species that cause extinction 
A) are generalist organisms 
B) have high rates of mutations that lead to large numbers of offspring species 
C) are found only in one place on the planet 
D) cause disease 
E) are invasive species that cause extinction

Question 5

When a population approaches its carrying capacity,its resources __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) become more scarce as population growth rate decreases 
B) increase in supply as the population size decreases 
C) increase in supply because the population size is decreasing 
D) generally become infinite in supply 
E) decrease in supply but are more accessible to competitors 
A) become more scarce as population growth rate decreases 
B) increase in supply as the population size decreases 
C) increase in supply because the population size is decreasing 
D) generally become infinite in supply 
E) decrease in supply but are more accessible to competitors

Question 6

At Hakalau Forest in __________________,ranchland is being restored to forest,invasive plants are being removed and native ones are being planted,and néné are being protected while new populations of them are being established.

Accepted Answer

A) Hawaii 
B) Guam 
C) Japan 
D) Tuvalu 
E) Marshall Islands 
A) Hawaii 
B) Guam 
C) Japan 
D) Tuvalu 
E) Marshall Islands

Question 7

Which of the following pairs lists an r -selected organism followed by a K -selected organism?

Accepted Answer

A) elephant; whale 
B) grasshopper; whale 
C) pine tree; dandelion 
D) dandelion; pine tree 
E) elephant; pine tree 
A) elephant; whale 
B) grasshopper; whale 
C) pine tree; dandelion 
D) dandelion; pine tree 
E) elephant; pine tree

Question 8

A species of bird had an original range covering the entire eastern half of the United States from New England down to Florida,west to the Rocky Mountains.During a period of glaciation,the eastern part of the range was cut off from the western part for 2000 years.Then the glaciers melted and the birds' original range was reestablished.During the separation,the western birds evolved a slightly different song and a darker wing color.Ornithologists are now studying this species to determine whether speciation has taken place.What evidence should they look for in their study?

Accepted Answer

Among many observations that can be made

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) a colony of leafcutter ants and the leaves they harvest for their fungal garden 
B) a colony of leafcutter ants,the leaves they harvest,the fungi that they cultivate and tend to,and the soil nutrients and moisture needed for their garden 
C) a colony of leafcutter ants,the leaves they harvest,and the fungi that they cultivate and tend to 
D) a colony of leafcutter ants living in a forest 
E) These are all examples of ecosystems. 
A) a colony of leafcutter ants and the leaves they harvest for their fungal garden 
B) a colony of leafcutter ants,the leaves they harvest,the fungi that they cultivate and tend to,and the soil nutrients and moisture needed for their garden 
C) a colony of leafcutter ants,the leaves they harvest,and the fungi that they cultivate and tend to 
D) a colony of leafcutter ants living in a forest 
E) These are all examples of ecosystems.

Question 10

You are an ecologist researching divergent evolution on the Galapagos Islands.Which of the following might you be studying?

Accepted Answer

A) the spread of an invasive bird species that has been introduced to some of the islands 
B) the processes by which the various species of finches on the islands diverged from a common ancestor 
C) the geological processes by which the islands were formed millions of years ago 
D) the processes by which several unrelated species of birds developed flightlessness as a result of the islands' lacking natural predators 
E) the similarities that have arisen between two completely unrelated species of birds that are competing for the same resources 
A) the spread of an invasive bird species that has been introduced to some of the islands 
B) the processes by which the various species of finches on the islands diverged from a common ancestor 
C) the geological processes by which the islands were formed millions of years ago 
D) the processes by which several unrelated species of birds developed flightlessness as a result of the islands' lacking natural predators 
E) the similarities that have arisen between two completely unrelated species of birds that are competing for the same resources

Question 11

Population distribution describes __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) the placement of a species within a country's boundaries 
B) the spatial arrangement of multiple species within a particular area 
C) how near or far away individuals in a population are from a resource,such as water 
D) the spatial arrangement of individuals of a single species within a particular area or ecosystem 
E) the placement of a species around the globe 
A) the placement of a species within a country's boundaries 
B) the spatial arrangement of multiple species within a particular area 
C) how near or far away individuals in a population are from a resource,such as water 
D) the spatial arrangement of individuals of a single species within a particular area or ecosystem 
E) the placement of a species around the globe

Question 12

Dog breeds are a classic example of artificial selection.Which of the following is another example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

A) breeding wild cabbage to create broccoli and cauliflower 
B) inserting a gene for herbicide resistance into soybeans 
C) chimney swifts adapting to human presence and selectively nesting in chimneys 
D) choosing what kind of holiday greenery to purchase 
E) crossing a lion and a tiger to get a sterile animal called a liger 
A) breeding wild cabbage to create broccoli and cauliflower 
B) inserting a gene for herbicide resistance into soybeans 
C) chimney swifts adapting to human presence and selectively nesting in chimneys 
D) choosing what kind of holiday greenery to purchase 
E) crossing a lion and a tiger to get a sterile animal called a liger

Question 13

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question
-Organisms that are closely related have a recent common ancestor.Of the following,which choice lists organisms that are most closely related to each other?

Accepted Answer

A) lizards and crocodiles 
B) lampreys and sharks 
C) mammals and turtles 
D) bony fish and birds 
E) lungfish and amphibians 
A) lizards and crocodiles 
B) lampreys and sharks 
C) mammals and turtles 
D) bony fish and birds 
E) lungfish and amphibians

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates a type I survivorship curve,with higher death rates at older ages?

Accepted Answer

A) redwood trees 
B) dandelions 
C) large mammals such as gorillas 
D) large open -water ocean fish,such as tuna 
E) small mammals such as mice 
A) redwood trees 
B) dandelions 
C) large mammals such as gorillas 
D) large open -water ocean fish,such as tuna 
E) small mammals such as mice

Question 15

A niche specialist is __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) more likely to go extinct than a niche generalist 
B) more likely to thrive in human -modified environments than a niche generalist 
C) more likely to use a wide variety of resources than a niche generalist 
D) more likely to have a large geographic distribution than a niche generalist 
E) more likely to adapt to climate change than a niche generalist 
A) more likely to go extinct than a niche generalist 
B) more likely to thrive in human -modified environments than a niche generalist 
C) more likely to use a wide variety of resources than a niche generalist 
D) more likely to have a large geographic distribution than a niche generalist 
E) more likely to adapt to climate change than a niche generalist

Question 16

Unregulated populations tend to increase by __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) linear growth 
B) pyramidal growth 
C) emigration 
D) exponential growth 
E) immigration 
A) linear growth 
B) pyramidal growth 
C) emigration 
D) exponential growth 
E) immigration

Question 17

Which of the following descriptions of a hummingbird best describes its niche?

Accepted Answer

A) has a slender bill 
B) eats mosquitoes 
C) can fly backwards 
D) can migrate across the Gulf of Mexico 
E) lays two eggs 
A) has a slender bill 
B) eats mosquitoes 
C) can fly backwards 
D) can migrate across the Gulf of Mexico 
E) lays two eggs

Question 18

Which of the following would best represent a clumped population distribution pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) a pod of 40 migrating gray whales in the Bering Sea 
B) pine trees within a pine plantation 
C) earthworms within the soil of a garden 
D) eagles nesting in the tallest trees in the Grand Canyon 
E) oaks planted on city streets 
A) a pod of 40 migrating gray whales in the Bering Sea 
B) pine trees within a pine plantation 
C) earthworms within the soil of a garden 
D) eagles nesting in the tallest trees in the Grand Canyon 
E) oaks planted on city streets

Question 19

Groups of organisms with low biotic potential,such as gray whales, __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) are r -selected 
B) show the initial stages of the extinction process 
C) have escaped from the processes of natural selection and adaptation 
D) are K -selected 
E) are not subject to density -dependent limiting factors 
A) are r -selected 
B) show the initial stages of the extinction process 
C) have escaped from the processes of natural selection and adaptation 
D) are K -selected 
E) are not subject to density -dependent limiting factors

Question 20

What kind of distribution do we typically see within a population of a species that maintains nesting territories,such as red -winged blackbirds?

Accepted Answer

A) clumped 
B) logarithmic 
C) uniform 
D) random 
E) clustered 
A) clumped 
B) logarithmic 
C) uniform 
D) random 
E) clustered

Exam 3: Evolution,biodiversity,and Population Ecology

A population is __________________.

Describe the sixth mass extinction event and its specific causes.

Endemic species __________________.

When a population approaches its carrying capacity,its resources __________________.

At Hakalau Forest in __________________,ranchland is being restored to forest,invasive plants are being removed and native ones are being planted,and néné are being protected while new populations of them are being established.

Which of the following pairs lists an r -selected organism followed by a K -selected organism?

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?

You are an ecologist researching divergent evolution on the Galapagos Islands.Which of the following might you be studying?

Population distribution describes __________________.

Dog breeds are a classic example of artificial selection.Which of the following is another example of artificial selection?

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question -Organisms that are closely related have a recent common ancestor.Of the following,which choice lists organisms that are most closely related to each other?

Which of the following best illustrates a type I survivorship curve,with higher death rates at older ages?

A niche specialist is __________________.

Unregulated populations tend to increase by __________________.

Which of the following descriptions of a hummingbird best describes its niche?

Which of the following would best represent a clumped population distribution pattern?

Groups of organisms with low biotic potential,such as gray whales, __________________.

What kind of distribution do we typically see within a population of a species that maintains nesting territories,such as red -winged blackbirds?

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