Question 1

Briefly explain the overall processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.Include a brief explanation of autotrophs and heterotrophs in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis is performed by autotrophs.In photosynthesis,light energy is converted into chemical energy (stored within the bonds of glucose).Water and carbon dioxide are consumed,and oxygen is released.In most autotrophs,photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.Cellular respiration represents the reverse chemical process.It is performed by both autotrophs and heterotrophs to meet their energy needs.In cellular respiration,oxygen is consumed and the bonds of glucose are broken to release energy,much of which is then used for work within the cell.Along with the energy,carbon dioxide and water are end products,and heat is produced.In most autotrophs and heterotrophs,cellular respiration takes place in organelles called mitochondria.

Question 2

At a _____________________,tectonic plates push apart from one another as magma rises upward to the surface.

Accepted Answer

A) transform boundary 
B) strike -slip fault 
C) divergent boundary 
D) subduction fault 
E) convergent boundary 
A) transform boundary 
B) strike -slip fault 
C) divergent boundary 
D) subduction fault 
E) convergent boundary C

Question 3

Reddish hair in children is often a sign of malnourishment in developing nations such as Haiti.What biomolecule is needed for hair growth and is probably lacking in the diets of these children?

Accepted Answer

A) proteins 
B) DNA 
C) carbohydrates 
D) lipids 
E) nucleic acids 
A) proteins 
B) DNA 
C) carbohydrates 
D) lipids 
E) nucleic acids A

Question 4

Earthquakes result from _______________________

Accepted Answer

A) surges of magma from the earth's core 
B) global climate change 
C) release of gases from the underlying mantle 
D) separation of layers within sedimentary rock 
E) energy released from movement at plate boundaries and faults 
A) surges of magma from the earth's core 
B) global climate change 
C) release of gases from the underlying mantle 
D) separation of layers within sedimentary rock 
E) energy released from movement at plate boundaries and faults

Question 5

You live in the Pacific Northwest and hear a news story about the dangers associated with pyroclastic flow.Which of the following is the news story about?

Accepted Answer

A) mudslides 
B) tsunamis 
C) volcanic eruptions 
D) floods 
E) geysers 
A) mudslides 
B) tsunamis 
C) volcanic eruptions 
D) floods 
E) geysers

Question 6

What compound is the primary structural constituent of plant tissue,forming the cell walls of stems,leaves,and roots?

Accepted Answer

A) starch 
B) chlorophyll 
C) cellulose 
D) protein 
E) enzymes 
A) starch 
B) chlorophyll 
C) cellulose 
D) protein 
E) enzymes

Question 7

Describe the rock cycle,explaining how the three major types of rock form and break down.

Accepted Answer

All rocks can melt.At sufficiently high

Question 8

______________ is defined as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

Accepted Answer

A) Isotopic number 
B) Atomic number 
C) Ionic number 
D) Mass number 
E) Nuclear number 
A) Isotopic number 
B) Atomic number 
C) Ionic number 
D) Mass number 
E) Nuclear number

Question 9

An atom has 2 electrons,3 protons,and 3 neutrons.What is the atom's charge?

Accepted Answer

A) -1 
B) +8 
C) -2 
D) +1 
E) +3 
A) -1 
B) +8 
C) -2 
D) +1 
E) +3

Question 10

Why was the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010 so much more deadly than the earthquake that struck Tohoku,Japan,in 2011?

Accepted Answer

A) The Tohoku earthquake struck a rural area,whereas the Haiti earthquake centered on the capital city. 
B) The Haiti earthquake was much more powerful than the Tohoku quake. 
C) Japan has a stricter building code. 
D) The Haiti earthquake created a tsunami that killed tens of thousands of people. 
E) Buildings in Japan are more rigidly built and less flexible than those in Haiti. 
A) The Tohoku earthquake struck a rural area,whereas the Haiti earthquake centered on the capital city. 
B) The Haiti earthquake was much more powerful than the Tohoku quake. 
C) Japan has a stricter building code. 
D) The Haiti earthquake created a tsunami that killed tens of thousands of people. 
E) Buildings in Japan are more rigidly built and less flexible than those in Haiti.

Question 11

Why does chemistry play a central role in our study of environmental issues? Provide an example from the text that illustrates how chemistry helps solve environmental problems.

Accepted Answer

Chemistry is the study of matter,includi

Question 12

Which of the following describes a property of pure water?

Accepted Answer

A) changes temperature rapidly 
B) molecules are noncohesive 
C) can hold many molecules in solution 
D) acidic pH 
E) more dense as a solid 
A) changes temperature rapidly 
B) molecules are noncohesive 
C) can hold many molecules in solution 
D) acidic pH 
E) more dense as a solid

Question 13

_________________ are the main water -insoluble components of cell membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) Acids 
B) Nucleic acids 
C) Phospholipids 
D) Proteins 
E) Carbohydrates 
A) Acids 
B) Nucleic acids 
C) Phospholipids 
D) Proteins 
E) Carbohydrates

Question 14

River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of _________________

Accepted Answer

A) chemical energy 
B) kinetic energy 
C) thermodynamics 
D) potential energy 
E) entropy 
A) chemical energy 
B) kinetic energy 
C) thermodynamics 
D) potential energy 
E) entropy

Question 15

An atom has 2 electrons,3 protons,and 3 neutrons.What is the atom's mass number?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 8 
E) Cannot be determined from the information given 
A) 3 
B) 5 
C) 6 
D) 8 
E) Cannot be determined from the information given

Question 16

We use ___________________ to catalyze the chemical reactions of digestion.

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol molecules 
B) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 
C) nucleic acids 
D) isotopes 
E) enzymes 
A) alcohol molecules 
B) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 
C) nucleic acids 
D) isotopes 
E) enzymes

Question 17

During photosynthesis within plants,________________________.

Accepted Answer

A) sugars and carbon dioxide are produced 
B) carbon dioxide and oxygen are produced 
C) water and carbon dioxide are consumed 
D) the high -quality energy from sugar is converted to heat and light 
E) oxygen and carbon dioxide are consumed 
A) sugars and carbon dioxide are produced 
B) carbon dioxide and oxygen are produced 
C) water and carbon dioxide are consumed 
D) the high -quality energy from sugar is converted to heat and light 
E) oxygen and carbon dioxide are consumed

Question 18

Cellular respiration _________________

Accepted Answer

A) results in a net consumption of energy 
B) represents a decrease in entropy 
C) requires the green pigment chlorophyll 
D) releases carbon dioxide and water 
E) involves a net consumption of water 
A) results in a net consumption of energy 
B) represents a decrease in entropy 
C) requires the green pigment chlorophyll 
D) releases carbon dioxide and water 
E) involves a net consumption of water

Question 19

Compare and discuss the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

The first law states that energy can cha

Question 20

The "ring of fire" is ____________

Accepted Answer

A) a belt of earthquakes and volcanoes that occur around the Pacific Ocean 
B) the underground layer of the earth's crust that is most prone to volcanic activity 
C) the region around the Pacific Ocean most prone to catastrophic wildfires 
D) the most visible,major ring of Saturn 
E) the "wing" of the supervolcano found in Yellowstone National Park 
A) a belt of earthquakes and volcanoes that occur around the Pacific Ocean 
B) the underground layer of the earth's crust that is most prone to volcanic activity 
C) the region around the Pacific Ocean most prone to catastrophic wildfires 
D) the most visible,major ring of Saturn 
E) the "wing" of the supervolcano found in Yellowstone National Park

Exam 2: Earths Physical Systems

Briefly explain the overall processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.Include a brief explanation of autotrophs and heterotrophs in your answer.

At a _____________________,tectonic plates push apart from one another as magma rises upward to the surface.

Reddish hair in children is often a sign of malnourishment in developing nations such as Haiti.What biomolecule is needed for hair growth and is probably lacking in the diets of these children?

Earthquakes result from _______________________

You live in the Pacific Northwest and hear a news story about the dangers associated with pyroclastic flow.Which of the following is the news story about?

What compound is the primary structural constituent of plant tissue,forming the cell walls of stems,leaves,and roots?

Describe the rock cycle,explaining how the three major types of rock form and break down.

______________ is defined as the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

An atom has 2 electrons,3 protons,and 3 neutrons.What is the atom's charge?

Why was the earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010 so much more deadly than the earthquake that struck Tohoku,Japan,in 2011?

Why does chemistry play a central role in our study of environmental issues? Provide an example from the text that illustrates how chemistry helps solve environmental problems.

Which of the following describes a property of pure water?

_________________ are the main water -insoluble components of cell membranes.

River water stored behind a dam is best described as a form of _________________

An atom has 2 electrons,3 protons,and 3 neutrons.What is the atom's mass number?

We use ___________________ to catalyze the chemical reactions of digestion.

During photosynthesis within plants,________________________.

Cellular respiration _________________

Compare and discuss the first and second laws of thermodynamics.

The "ring of fire" is ____________

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