Question 1

Which of the following are the major factors that determine a population's growth rate?

Accepted Answer

A) immigration,climate,emigration,biotic potential 
B) birth rate,death rate,emigration,immigration 
C) limiting factors,carrying capacity,mutation rate,inbreeding 
D) survivorship,natural selection,mutation,extinction 
E) adaptation,competition,birth rate,emigration 
A) immigration,climate,emigration,biotic potential 
B) birth rate,death rate,emigration,immigration 
C) limiting factors,carrying capacity,mutation rate,inbreeding 
D) survivorship,natural selection,mutation,extinction 
E) adaptation,competition,birth rate,emigration

Question 2

Extinction is __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) proceeding more slowly now than at any other time 
B) always caused by human disturbance 
C) a natural process 
D) the loss of communities from the planet 
E) something that occurs only rarely 
A) proceeding more slowly now than at any other time 
B) always caused by human disturbance 
C) a natural process 
D) the loss of communities from the planet 
E) something that occurs only rarely

Question 3

Mutation and __________________ are the key mechanisms that generate and maintain genetic variation among individuals in most populations.

Accepted Answer

A) adaptations 
B) inbreeding 
C) natural selection 
D) sexual reproduction 
E) asexual reproduction 
A) adaptations 
B) inbreeding 
C) natural selection 
D) sexual reproduction 
E) asexual reproduction

Question 4

The carrying capacity is the __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) maximum sustainable population that a given environment can support 
B) limitation on numbers of species in a community 
C) potential growth in the number of species in a given area 
D) greatest number of different niches possible in a given area 
E) average number of offspring carried to term by a species 
A) maximum sustainable population that a given environment can support 
B) limitation on numbers of species in a community 
C) potential growth in the number of species in a given area 
D) greatest number of different niches possible in a given area 
E) average number of offspring carried to term by a species

Question 5

Briefly describe the process of speciation,and define allopatric speciation.

Accepted Answer

When mutations occur in one population o

Question 6

Scientists often depict their understanding of an organism's evolutionary ancestry in diagrams called __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) phylogenetic trees 
B) branchograms 
C) taxonomic trees 
D) ancestral trees 
E) classification trees 
A) phylogenetic trees 
B) branchograms 
C) taxonomic trees 
D) ancestral trees 
E) classification trees

Question 7

A species has evolved an asexual mode of reproduction by having offspring develop from unfertilized eggs.Which of the following will be TRUE of this species' response to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) The species will increase in numbers because genetic variation is increased. 
B) The species will compensate for loss of genetic variation by hybridizing with other species. 
C) There will be fewer deaths from natural selection because sexual recombination always leads to extinction. 
D) There will be less genetic variation from recombination and a risk of not adapting quickly to environmental change. 
E) There will be more deaths from natural selection because there is no mutation. 
A) The species will increase in numbers because genetic variation is increased. 
B) The species will compensate for loss of genetic variation by hybridizing with other species. 
C) There will be fewer deaths from natural selection because sexual recombination always leads to extinction. 
D) There will be less genetic variation from recombination and a risk of not adapting quickly to environmental change. 
E) There will be more deaths from natural selection because there is no mutation.

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Until recent history,extinctions have always happened gradually and on a small scale. 
B) The number of species existing at one time has decreased throughout history. 
C) Natural selection always favors complexity and a larger body size. 
D) Species on Earth today are just a fraction of all species that ever lived. 
E) Most organisms present early in Earth's prehistory were more complex than modern organisms. 
A) Until recent history,extinctions have always happened gradually and on a small scale. 
B) The number of species existing at one time has decreased throughout history. 
C) Natural selection always favors complexity and a larger body size. 
D) Species on Earth today are just a fraction of all species that ever lived. 
E) Most organisms present early in Earth's prehistory were more complex than modern organisms.

Question 9

The invasive European buckthorn invades a local forest preserve.Initially,the population of buckthorn rapidly increases,and then it begins to level off.This pattern of population growth most closely resembles __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) exponential growth 
B) slow and constantly changing growth 
C) logistic growth 
D) rapid and steady rate growth 
E) unlimited growth 
A) exponential growth 
B) slow and constantly changing growth 
C) logistic growth 
D) rapid and steady rate growth 
E) unlimited growth

Question 10

A coyote can alter its diet to match seasonal abundance of plants,fruits,or small animals,and would therefore be considered __________________ .

Accepted Answer

A) a specialist,able to specialize on whatever is available at the time 
B) a generalist 
C) an organism with a type II survivorship curve 
D) an endemic 
E) density independent and resource -neutral 
A) a specialist,able to specialize on whatever is available at the time 
B) a generalist 
C) an organism with a type II survivorship curve 
D) an endemic 
E) density independent and resource -neutral

Question 11

High population density can __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) decrease competition 
B) increase the incidence of disease transmission 
C) decrease biodiversity within a species 
D) hinder organisms from finding mates 
E) decrease the use of resources 
A) decrease competition 
B) increase the incidence of disease transmission 
C) decrease biodiversity within a species 
D) hinder organisms from finding mates 
E) decrease the use of resources

Question 12

Which of the following has been an effect of ecotourism in Hawaii?

Accepted Answer

A) The trash from millions of visitors has choked out mangrove forests on the island of Oahu. 
B) Conservation efforts have become more financially feasible because of increased tourist dollars. 
C) Ecotourism has always been banned in Hawaii,but other Pacific islands have experienced myriad negative effects of ecotourism. 
D) A large marine reserve in Hawaii was forced to close because of the increased need to feed tourists. 
E) Tourists have irreparably damaged sensitive coral reef ecosystems. 
A) The trash from millions of visitors has choked out mangrove forests on the island of Oahu. 
B) Conservation efforts have become more financially feasible because of increased tourist dollars. 
C) Ecotourism has always been banned in Hawaii,but other Pacific islands have experienced myriad negative effects of ecotourism. 
D) A large marine reserve in Hawaii was forced to close because of the increased need to feed tourists. 
E) Tourists have irreparably damaged sensitive coral reef ecosystems.

Question 13

What characteristics do humans share with r -selected species?

Accepted Answer

A) rapid population growth that is largely unchecked 
B) considerable energy and resources spent providing for offspring 
C) ability to survive well past the age of reproduction 
D) high reproductive output 
E) prolonged parental care 
A) rapid population growth that is largely unchecked 
B) considerable energy and resources spent providing for offspring 
C) ability to survive well past the age of reproduction 
D) high reproductive output 
E) prolonged parental care

Question 14

Populations in which the probability of dying is constant at every age exemplify __________________.

Accepted Answer

A) type III survivorship 
B) arithmetic growth 
C) type I survivorship 
D) type II survivorship 
E) natural selection 
A) type III survivorship 
B) arithmetic growth 
C) type I survivorship 
D) type II survivorship 
E) natural selection

Question 15

Heavy rains and mudslides cause a river to change course,isolating two groups of lizards from one another.If they remain isolated for a long period of time,__________________ .

Accepted Answer

A) both groups will probably become native species 
B) one or both groups will probably emigrate 
C) one or both groups will probably become invasive species 
D) one group will probably become an endemic species 
E) the groups will probably diverge genetically,and speciation may occur 
A) both groups will probably become native species 
B) one or both groups will probably emigrate 
C) one or both groups will probably become invasive species 
D) one group will probably become an endemic species 
E) the groups will probably diverge genetically,and speciation may occur

Question 16

Differentiate between exponential and logistic growth curves.Give examples of the conditions under which each would occur.

Accepted Answer

Exponential growth (a J -shaped curve)is

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios best describes a density -dependent factor limiting population growth?

Accepted Answer

A) An April blizzard kills off many migrating barn swallows,which could not tolerate the cold and snow. 
B) A particularly dry summer shrinks and dries up many ponds in central Canada,causing increased aggression and competition for limited nest sites among female common goldeneyes (ducks). 
C) A tropical storm strikes one of the Hawaiian Islands and wipes out a population of nénés that had been recovering from near -extinction. 
D) A particularly snowy winter makes it difficult for female deer to find food,thus affecting their ability to reproduce. 
E) A homeowner sprays her lawn with broadleaf herbicide to kill the dandelions that have started growing there that spring. 
A) An April blizzard kills off many migrating barn swallows,which could not tolerate the cold and snow. 
B) A particularly dry summer shrinks and dries up many ponds in central Canada,causing increased aggression and competition for limited nest sites among female common goldeneyes (ducks). 
C) A tropical storm strikes one of the Hawaiian Islands and wipes out a population of nénés that had been recovering from near -extinction. 
D) A particularly snowy winter makes it difficult for female deer to find food,thus affecting their ability to reproduce. 
E) A homeowner sprays her lawn with broadleaf herbicide to kill the dandelions that have started growing there that spring.

Question 18

How do feral pigs relate to the malaria problem in Hawaii?

Accepted Answer

A) Pigs dig holes in the rainforest floor,creating water holes where mosquitoes can breed. 
B) Feral pig farmers spend time outdoors and put themselves at risk of being bitten by mosquitoes that carry malaria. 
C) The pig problem and the malaria problem in Hawaii are unrelated. 
D) Pigs help destroy the eggs of mosquitoes by wallowing in mosquito -infested mudholes. 
E) Malaria is spread from pigs to mosquitoes to humans in Hawaii because pigs are an alternate host for malaria. 
A) Pigs dig holes in the rainforest floor,creating water holes where mosquitoes can breed. 
B) Feral pig farmers spend time outdoors and put themselves at risk of being bitten by mosquitoes that carry malaria. 
C) The pig problem and the malaria problem in Hawaii are unrelated. 
D) Pigs help destroy the eggs of mosquitoes by wallowing in mosquito -infested mudholes. 
E) Malaria is spread from pigs to mosquitoes to humans in Hawaii because pigs are an alternate host for malaria.

Question 19

Discuss the role of humans in regulating carrying capacity for the human species and in altering the carrying capacity for other species.

Accepted Answer

Humans can alter their own carrying capa

Exam 3: Evolution,biodiversity,and Population Ecology

Which of the following are the major factors that determine a population's growth rate?

Extinction is __________________.

Mutation and __________________ are the key mechanisms that generate and maintain genetic variation among individuals in most populations.

The carrying capacity is the __________________.

Briefly describe the process of speciation,and define allopatric speciation.

Scientists often depict their understanding of an organism's evolutionary ancestry in diagrams called __________________.

A species has evolved an asexual mode of reproduction by having offspring develop from unfertilized eggs.Which of the following will be TRUE of this species' response to natural selection?

Which of the following is TRUE?

The invasive European buckthorn invades a local forest preserve.Initially,the population of buckthorn rapidly increases,and then it begins to level off.This pattern of population growth most closely resembles __________________.

A coyote can alter its diet to match seasonal abundance of plants,fruits,or small animals,and would therefore be considered __________________ .

High population density can __________________.

Which of the following has been an effect of ecotourism in Hawaii?

What characteristics do humans share with r -selected species?

Populations in which the probability of dying is constant at every age exemplify __________________.

Heavy rains and mudslides cause a river to change course,isolating two groups of lizards from one another.If they remain isolated for a long period of time,__________________ .

Differentiate between exponential and logistic growth curves.Give examples of the conditions under which each would occur.

Which of the following scenarios best describes a density -dependent factor limiting population growth?

How do feral pigs relate to the malaria problem in Hawaii?

Discuss the role of humans in regulating carrying capacity for the human species and in altering the carrying capacity for other species.

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