Question 1

A trophic cascade is the effect of the loss of  ____________ on ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) 	detritivores; the abundance of decomposers 
B) 	top consumers; the abundance of lower consumers and producers 
C) 	producers; the abundance of primary consumers 
D) 	top consumers; one another 
E) 	flooding; terrestrial ecosystems 
A) 	detritivores; the abundance of decomposers 
B) 	top consumers; the abundance of lower consumers and producers 
C) 	producers; the abundance of primary consumers 
D) 	top consumers; one another 
E) 	flooding; terrestrial ecosystems

Question 2

List the three major trophic categories in a food web.What types of organisms are found in each level? Where are the autotrophs and heterotrophs found in a food web? Discuss the significance of each level for the integral functioning of the food web.

Accepted Answer

The three major trophic categories are p

Question 3

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-Ticks serve what role in this food web?

Accepted Answer

A) secondary consumers 
B) top predators 
C) primary consumers 
D) autotrophs 
E) parasites 
A) secondary consumers 
B) top predators 
C) primary consumers 
D) autotrophs 
E) parasites

Question 4

Zebra mussels _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) were introduced into the United States in the early 1900s 
B) are native to Canada 
C) excrete waste that facilitates algae blooms and subsequent eutrophication of lakes 
D) are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories,power plants,and wastewater treatment facilities 
E) are presently restricted to the Great Lakes and Hudson River,but they are expected to spread rapidly in the near future 
A) were introduced into the United States in the early 1900s 
B) are native to Canada 
C) excrete waste that facilitates algae blooms and subsequent eutrophication of lakes 
D) are an invasive exotic species that clogs water intake pipes at factories,power plants,and wastewater treatment facilities 
E) are presently restricted to the Great Lakes and Hudson River,but they are expected to spread rapidly in the near future

Question 5

A climax community _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) is typical of the first stages of secondary succession 
B) has the lowest biodiversity of all stages of succession 
C) remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession 
D) describes aquatic biomes 
E) describes terrestrial biomes 
A) is typical of the first stages of secondary succession 
B) has the lowest biodiversity of all stages of succession 
C) remains in place until a disturbance restarts succession 
D) describes aquatic biomes 
E) describes terrestrial biomes

Question 6

Grazing animals such as deer are _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) producers 
B) detritivores 
C) primary consumers 
D) secondary consumers 
E) parasites 
A) producers 
B) detritivores 
C) primary consumers 
D) secondary consumers 
E) parasites

Question 7

Define the term invasive species and give two examples from your textbook.

Accepted Answer

Invasive species originate from ecosyste

Question 8

Desert and tundra both _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) have relatively low precipitation 
B) lack insects 
C) lack shrubs 
D) have rich soils,although the climate is such that very little grows 
E) have permafrost deep underground 
A) have relatively low precipitation 
B) lack insects 
C) lack shrubs 
D) have rich soils,although the climate is such that very little grows 
E) have permafrost deep underground

Question 9

_______________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

Accepted Answer

A) Detritivores 
B) Heterotrophs 
C) Secondary consumers 
D) Primary consumers 
E) Producers 
A) Detritivores 
B) Heterotrophs 
C) Secondary consumers 
D) Primary consumers 
E) Producers

Question 10

The Everglades restoration project in Florida ______________

Accepted Answer

A) seeks to exterminate numerous invasive fish species and plants 
B) is a short -term restoration project with a two -year implementation plan 
C) will probably destroy much of the commercial fishing in the area 
D) is restoring natural levels of water flow by undoing numerous channeling and drainage projects 
E) will result in serious depletion of drinking water supplies for humans in south Florida 
A) seeks to exterminate numerous invasive fish species and plants 
B) is a short -term restoration project with a two -year implementation plan 
C) will probably destroy much of the commercial fishing in the area 
D) is restoring natural levels of water flow by undoing numerous channeling and drainage projects 
E) will result in serious depletion of drinking water supplies for humans in south Florida

Question 11

-This climate diagram depicts .

Accepted Answer

A) a biome with plentiful moisture 
B) a very dry environment 
C) a tropical biome 
D) a biome whose plants experience freeze stress for several months of the year 
E) a typical boreal forest biome 
A) a biome with plentiful moisture 
B) a very dry environment 
C) a tropical biome 
D) a biome whose plants experience freeze stress for several months of the year 
E) a typical boreal forest biome

Question 12

Which of the following biomes is experiencing the greatest temperature increases resulting from global climate change?

Accepted Answer

A) chaparral 
B) tropical rainforest 
C) Arctic tundra 
D) temperature deciduous forest 
E) temperate grassland 
A) chaparral 
B) tropical rainforest 
C) Arctic tundra 
D) temperature deciduous forest 
E) temperate grassland

Question 13

Detritivores include ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) species that can break down cellulose,bone,and other durable biopolymers 
B) algae and photosynthetic bacteria 
C) millipedes and soil insects 
D) wolves and lions 
E) oak and poplar trees 
A) species that can break down cellulose,bone,and other durable biopolymers 
B) algae and photosynthetic bacteria 
C) millipedes and soil insects 
D) wolves and lions 
E) oak and poplar trees

Question 14

Why do ecologists favor the term food web as opposed to food chain?

Accepted Answer

Ecological systems are far more complex

Question 15

Discuss the two factors that are most important in the distribution of biomes.Choose one biome and explain how these two factors impact the specific plants and animals found in this biome.

Accepted Answer

Temperature and precipitation are the tw

Question 16

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-Which of the following is the most likely result of the American toad's becoming extirpated from this forest?

Accepted Answer

A) Rat snake populations would decline because rat snakes eat toads. 
B) Earthworm populations would decline because of the lack of a food source. 
C) Spiders are likely to experience a population increase because more insect prey would become available. 
D) Red -bellied woodpecker numbers are likely to decline because of the resulting decrease in beetles and other insects. 
E) Toadstools and other fungi would thrive because toads would no longer compete with them for space. 
A) Rat snake populations would decline because rat snakes eat toads. 
B) Earthworm populations would decline because of the lack of a food source. 
C) Spiders are likely to experience a population increase because more insect prey would become available. 
D) Red -bellied woodpecker numbers are likely to decline because of the resulting decrease in beetles and other insects. 
E) Toadstools and other fungi would thrive because toads would no longer compete with them for space.

Question 17

Discuss the differences between intraspecific and interspecific competition.

Accepted Answer

Intraspecific competition is the competi

Question 18

Briefly describe what is meant by the term pioneer species.Identify the general characteristics of pioneer species,and give an examples of pioneer species.

Accepted Answer

Pioneer species are among the first to c

Question 19

Microbes in our digestive tract that help us digest food demonstrate a(n) _______________ association.

Accepted Answer

A) benthic 
B) homeopathic 
C) allelopathic 
D) parasitic 
E) symbiotic 
A) benthic 
B) homeopathic 
C) allelopathic 
D) parasitic 
E) symbiotic

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE about top predators?

Accepted Answer

A) They are often keystone species. 
B) Their removal increases biodiversity. 
C) They are likely to be producers. 
D) They include bacteria and fungi. 
E) They are likely to be herbivores. 
A) They are often keystone species. 
B) Their removal increases biodiversity. 
C) They are likely to be producers. 
D) They include bacteria and fungi. 
E) They are likely to be herbivores.

Exam 4: Species Interactions and Community Ecology

A trophic cascade is the effect of the loss of ____________ on ____________.

List the three major trophic categories in a food web.What types of organisms are found in each level? Where are the autotrophs and heterotrophs found in a food web? Discuss the significance of each level for the integral functioning of the food web.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -Ticks serve what role in this food web?

Zebra mussels _______________.

A climax community _______________.

Grazing animals such as deer are _______________.

Define the term invasive species and give two examples from your textbook.

Desert and tundra both _______________.

_______________ capture solar energy and use photosynthesis to produce sugars.

The Everglades restoration project in Florida ______________

-This climate diagram depicts .

Which of the following biomes is experiencing the greatest temperature increases resulting from global climate change?

Detritivores include ______________.

Why do ecologists favor the term food web as opposed to food chain?

Discuss the two factors that are most important in the distribution of biomes.Choose one biome and explain how these two factors impact the specific plants and animals found in this biome.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -Which of the following is the most likely result of the American toad's becoming extirpated from this forest?

Discuss the differences between intraspecific and interspecific competition.

Briefly describe what is meant by the term pioneer species.Identify the general characteristics of pioneer species,and give an examples of pioneer species.

Microbes in our digestive tract that help us digest food demonstrate a(n) _______________ association.

Which of the following is TRUE about top predators?

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