Question 1

_____________ involves meeting the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Accepted Answer

A) Sustainable subsistence 
B) Sustainable development 
C) Social justice 
D) Ecological development 
E) Economic development 
A) Sustainable subsistence 
B) Sustainable development 
C) Social justice 
D) Ecological development 
E) Economic development

Question 2

_____________ is the sociological term for discontentment brought on by consumerism and materialism.

Accepted Answer

A) Dysentery 
B) Influenza 
C) Systemic materialism 
D) Consumption 
E) Affluenza 
A) Dysentery 
B) Influenza 
C) Systemic materialism 
D) Consumption 
E) Affluenza

Question 3

Who is best known as the founder of the Sierra Club?

Accepted Answer

A) Ralph Waldo Emerson 
B) Walter Sierra 
C) John Ruskin 
D) Aldo Leopold 
E) John Muir 
A) Ralph Waldo Emerson 
B) Walter Sierra 
C) John Ruskin 
D) Aldo Leopold 
E) John Muir

Question 4

Gross domestic product is _____________

Accepted Answer

A) the willingness of consumers to pay for ecosystem services 
B) all the resources necessary to produce ecosystem services 
C) the total economic value of goods and services produced by a country 
D) a measure of conventional economic activity,with positive nonmonetary influences added and negative nonmonetary impacts subtracted 
E) the cost of services minus the economic value of enhancements or degradation to the environment 
A) the willingness of consumers to pay for ecosystem services 
B) all the resources necessary to produce ecosystem services 
C) the total economic value of goods and services produced by a country 
D) a measure of conventional economic activity,with positive nonmonetary influences added and negative nonmonetary impacts subtracted 
E) the cost of services minus the economic value of enhancements or degradation to the environment

Question 5

_____________ advocate for steady -state economies because they believe that Earth's natural systems generally operate in self -renewing cycles that can be "tapped" sustainably.

Accepted Answer

A) Socialists 
B) Cornucopians 
C) Capitalists 
D) Ecological economists 
E) Malthusians 
A) Socialists 
B) Cornucopians 
C) Capitalists 
D) Ecological economists 
E) Malthusians

Question 6

Contingent valuation _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) measures how much people would pay to restore a resource after it is damaged 
B) involves buying and selling "rights to pollute" 
C) measures how much time,effort,and money people spend to travel for natural recreation 
D) says we should treat others as we wish to be treated 
E) says all individuals deserve just and equal treatment 
A) measures how much people would pay to restore a resource after it is damaged 
B) involves buying and selling "rights to pollute" 
C) measures how much time,effort,and money people spend to travel for natural recreation 
D) says we should treat others as we wish to be treated 
E) says all individuals deserve just and equal treatment

Question 7

The philosophy of classical economics developed by Adam Smith _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) was adopted by the Aborigines in the Kakadu region of Australia 
B) argues that individuals acting in their own self -interest harm society 
C) assures equality between rich and poor 
D) proposes maintenance of economies through government restraint and regulation 
E) advocates free -market policies that many credit for the tremendous gains in material prosperity of industrial nations 
A) was adopted by the Aborigines in the Kakadu region of Australia 
B) argues that individuals acting in their own self -interest harm society 
C) assures equality between rich and poor 
D) proposes maintenance of economies through government restraint and regulation 
E) advocates free -market policies that many credit for the tremendous gains in material prosperity of industrial nations

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of greenwashing?

Accepted Answer

A) using biodegradable paints 
B) ecolabeling 
C) covering up environmental injustices 
D) discounting future effects 
E) creating the illusion of green or sustainable practices 
A) using biodegradable paints 
B) ecolabeling 
C) covering up environmental injustices 
D) discounting future effects 
E) creating the illusion of green or sustainable practices

Question 9

External costs include _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) environmental damage 
B) raw materials 
C) worker's compensation and insurance 
D) utilities 
E) wages 
A) environmental damage 
B) raw materials 
C) worker's compensation and insurance 
D) utilities 
E) wages

Question 10

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question
-The graph illustrates _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) how price falls when demand is high 
B) marginal benefit and cost curves 
C) how price is determined by supply and demand 
D) internal and external costs associated with market economies 
E) the costs of resource use and pollution reduction 
A) how price falls when demand is high 
B) marginal benefit and cost curves 
C) how price is determined by supply and demand 
D) internal and external costs associated with market economies 
E) the costs of resource use and pollution reduction

Question 11

Robert Costanza's research on ecosystem services found that _____________

Accepted Answer

A) ecosystem services provided by Earth's biosphere are worth more than goods and services created and provided by people 
B) the value of ecosystem services has been overstated in the literature and should be valued at only 1/10 of the value generally accepted by economists 
C) most ecosystem services can be replicated by humans,but materials like wood cannot be manufactured 
D) actions taken from a conservation viewpoint actually serve ecosystems more efficiently than those from a preservation viewpoint 
E) wetlands detoxify and purify water 
A) ecosystem services provided by Earth's biosphere are worth more than goods and services created and provided by people 
B) the value of ecosystem services has been overstated in the literature and should be valued at only 1/10 of the value generally accepted by economists 
C) most ecosystem services can be replicated by humans,but materials like wood cannot be manufactured 
D) actions taken from a conservation viewpoint actually serve ecosystems more efficiently than those from a preservation viewpoint 
E) wetlands detoxify and purify water

Question 12

_____________ is best defined as the knowledge,beliefs,values,and learned ways of life shared by a group of people.

Accepted Answer

A) Habitat 
B) Worldview 
C) Niche 
D) Culture 
E) Economics 
A) Habitat 
B) Worldview 
C) Niche 
D) Culture 
E) Economics

Question 13

Which one of the following is an ecosystem service?

Accepted Answer

A) pollination of crop plants 
B) genetically modifying food 
C) global warming 
D) creation of pollution 
E) erosion 
A) pollination of crop plants 
B) genetically modifying food 
C) global warming 
D) creation of pollution 
E) erosion

Question 14

_____________ encourages more sustainable business practices.

Accepted Answer

A) Increased economic growth 
B) Abolishing permit trading 
C) The government providing all goods and services to citizens 
D) Ecolabeling 
E) Greenwashing 
A) Increased economic growth 
B) Abolishing permit trading 
C) The government providing all goods and services to citizens 
D) Ecolabeling 
E) Greenwashing

Question 15

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of economics?

Accepted Answer

A) the study of how humans use potentially scarce resources to meet demand 
B) the study of tax laws,banking,and monetary policy 
C) the study of environmental systems and their monetary value 
D) the study of conversion of monetary units between nations 
E) the study of making money,goods,and services 
A) the study of how humans use potentially scarce resources to meet demand 
B) the study of tax laws,banking,and monetary policy 
C) the study of environmental systems and their monetary value 
D) the study of conversion of monetary units between nations 
E) the study of making money,goods,and services

Question 16

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question
-The intersection of the two lines (the middle of the "X")on the graph represents _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) market equilibrium 
B) the maximum price buyers will pay for goods and services 
C) the maximum quantity of goods and services that a company can produce 
D) the minimum price buyers will pay for goods and services 
E) the minimum quantity of goods and services that a company can produce 
A) market equilibrium 
B) the maximum price buyers will pay for goods and services 
C) the maximum quantity of goods and services that a company can produce 
D) the minimum price buyers will pay for goods and services 
E) the minimum quantity of goods and services that a company can produce

Question 17

Compare and contrast the philosophies of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot.

Accepted Answer

Both men were active in the early 1900s,

Question 18

Leaders striving for sustainable development aim to satisfy a triple bottom line,which involves what three goals?

Accepted Answer

A) economic advancement,environmental protection,and social equity 
B) economic development,making money,and depleting resources slowly 
C) making money,lowering taxes,and protecting the environment 
D) racial equality,social equality,and political equality 
E) protecting animals,protecting ecosystems,and protecting the biosphere 
A) economic advancement,environmental protection,and social equity 
B) economic development,making money,and depleting resources slowly 
C) making money,lowering taxes,and protecting the environment 
D) racial equality,social equality,and political equality 
E) protecting animals,protecting ecosystems,and protecting the biosphere

Question 19

A major study of the effectiveness of the PSA (Payment for Environmental Services)program in
Costa Rica determined that ________________.
A)the program was counterproductive because deforestation continued unchecked even after landowners signed up for the program
B)deforestation rates had already been dropping before the program was started
C)the program was extremely effective,and deforestation rates began to decline as soon as the program was instituted
D)the program was initiated too late for the forests of Costa Rica to recover
E)deforestation rates began to decline as an immediate result of the program,but farmers quickly removed their land from the program and reverted to their prior deforestation practices once they were paid

Accepted Answer

B ESSAY.Write your a

Question 20

The GPI for the United States _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) is far below that of the rest of the world 
B) has increased dramatically since 1975 
C) has leveled off since 1975 
D) increases when resources extraction increases 
E) increases when resource consumption increases 
A) is far below that of the rest of the world 
B) has increased dramatically since 1975 
C) has leveled off since 1975 
D) increases when resources extraction increases 
E) increases when resource consumption increases

Exam 6: Ethics,economics,and Sustainable Development

_____________ involves meeting the needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

_____________ is the sociological term for discontentment brought on by consumerism and materialism.

Who is best known as the founder of the Sierra Club?

Gross domestic product is _____________

_____________ advocate for steady -state economies because they believe that Earth's natural systems generally operate in self -renewing cycles that can be "tapped" sustainably.

Contingent valuation _____________.

The philosophy of classical economics developed by Adam Smith _____________.

Which of the following is an example of greenwashing?

External costs include _____________.

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question -The graph illustrates _____________.

Robert Costanza's research on ecosystem services found that _____________

_____________ is best defined as the knowledge,beliefs,values,and learned ways of life shared by a group of people.

Which one of the following is an ecosystem service?

_____________ encourages more sustainable business practices.

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of economics?

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question -The intersection of the two lines (the middle of the "X")on the graph represents _____________.

Compare and contrast the philosophies of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot.

Leaders striving for sustainable development aim to satisfy a triple bottom line,which involves what three goals?

The GPI for the United States _____________.

Science and Sustainability

Earths Physical Systems

Evolution,biodiversity,and Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Environmental Systems and Ecosystem Ecology

Environmental Policy

Human Population

The Underpinnings of Agriculture

Making Agriculture Sustainable

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Forests,forest Management,and Protected Areas

The Urban Environment

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Freshwater Systems and Resources

Marine and Coastal Systems and Resources

Atmospheric Science,air Quality,and Pollution Control

Global Climate Change

Fossil Fuels

Conventional Energy Alternatives

New Renewable Energy Alternatives

Managing Our Waste

Minerals and Mining

Sustainable Solutions

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