Question 1

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

Accepted Answer

A) the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle. 
B) the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. 
C) the period just before ovulation. 
D) the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. 
A) the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle. 
B) the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. 
C) the period just before ovulation. 
D) the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 2

Like many other fishes,bluehead wrasses utilize harem mating as they reproduce sexually.However,unlike most fishes,

Accepted Answer

A) they also reproduce by fission. 
B) they function without any signaling by steroid hormones. 
C) they undergo a prolonged menopause during low tide. 
D) their offspring can be either haploid or diploid. 
E) large females morph into reproductively competent males. 
A) they also reproduce by fission. 
B) they function without any signaling by steroid hormones. 
C) they undergo a prolonged menopause during low tide. 
D) their offspring can be either haploid or diploid. 
E) large females morph into reproductively competent males.

Question 3

In sea urchins,the "fast block" and the longer-lasting "slow block" to polyspermy,respectively,are

Accepted Answer

A) the acrosomal reaction and the formation of jelly coat. 
B) the cortical reaction and the formation of cortical granules. 
C) the jelly coat of the egg and the vitelline layer. 
D) membrane depolarization and the cortical reaction. 
E) inactivation of the sperm acrosome. 
A) the acrosomal reaction and the formation of jelly coat. 
B) the cortical reaction and the formation of cortical granules. 
C) the jelly coat of the egg and the vitelline layer. 
D) membrane depolarization and the cortical reaction. 
E) inactivation of the sperm acrosome.

Question 4

During human gestation,rudiments of all organs develop

Accepted Answer

A) in the first trimester. 
B) in the second trimester. 
C) in the third trimester. 
D) during the blastocyst stage. 
A) in the first trimester. 
B) in the second trimester. 
C) in the third trimester. 
D) during the blastocyst stage.

Question 5

The formation of the fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate ions. 
B) calcium ions. 
C) hydrogen ions. 
D) potassium ions. 
E) sodium ions. 
A) bicarbonate ions. 
B) calcium ions. 
C) hydrogen ions. 
D) potassium ions. 
E) sodium ions.

Question 6

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to

Accepted Answer

A) nourish and protect the egg cell. 
B) produce prolactin in the alveoli. 
C) maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has occurred. 
D) stimulate the development of the mammary glands. 
E) support pregnancy in the second and third trimesters. 
A) nourish and protect the egg cell. 
B) produce prolactin in the alveoli. 
C) maintain progesterone and estrogen synthesis after ovulation has occurred. 
D) stimulate the development of the mammary glands. 
E) support pregnancy in the second and third trimesters.

Question 7

Among mammals,the male and female genital structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include the

Accepted Answer

A) penis and clitoris. 
B) vas deferens and oviduct. 
C) testes and ovaries. 
D) seminiferous tubules and hymen. 
E) prostate and ovaries. 
A) penis and clitoris. 
B) vas deferens and oviduct. 
C) testes and ovaries. 
D) seminiferous tubules and hymen. 
E) prostate and ovaries.

Question 8

Fertilization of an egg without activation is most like

Accepted Answer

A) placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine. 
B) resting during halftime of a basketball game. 
C) preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven. 
D) walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch. 
E) dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below. 
A) placing the key in the ignition of a car but not starting the engine. 
B) resting during halftime of a basketball game. 
C) preparing a pie from scratch and baking it in the oven. 
D) walking to the cafeteria and eating lunch. 
E) dropping a rock off a cliff and watching it land in the valley below.

Question 9

Figure 36.2
-In Figure 36.2,which number corresponds to the location where sperm mature?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 14 
E) 13 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 8 
D) 14 
E) 13

Question 10

At the time of implantation,the human embryo is called a

Accepted Answer

A) blastocyst. 
B) gastrula. 
C) fetus. 
D) placenta. 
E) zygote. 
A) blastocyst. 
B) gastrula. 
C) fetus. 
D) placenta. 
E) zygote.

Question 11

Horseshoe crabs,genetically related to scorpions and spiders,are capable of only one type of fertilization.Female horseshoe crabs dig a shallow hole near the ocean shoreline that can fill with water.They then lay their eggs in that hole,and male horseshoe crabs mount the females and deposit their sperm over the eggs.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) external fertilization without copulation. 
B) external fertilization with copulation. 
C) internal fertilization without copulation. 
D) internal fertilization with copulation. 
A) external fertilization without copulation. 
B) external fertilization with copulation. 
C) internal fertilization without copulation. 
D) internal fertilization with copulation.

Question 12

Evidence that parthenogenetic whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors includes

Accepted Answer

A) the requirement for male-like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate. 
B) the development and then regression of testes prior to sexual maturation. 
C) the observation that all of the offspring are haploid. 
D) dependence on favorable weather conditions for ovulation to occur. 
E) a complete cycle of fragmentation and regeneration of female gonadal structures. 
A) the requirement for male-like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate. 
B) the development and then regression of testes prior to sexual maturation. 
C) the observation that all of the offspring are haploid. 
D) dependence on favorable weather conditions for ovulation to occur. 
E) a complete cycle of fragmentation and regeneration of female gonadal structures.

Question 13

So-called "combination" birth control pills function in contraception by

Accepted Answer

A) inhibiting the release of luteinizing hormone (LH),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
B) irritating the uterine lining so as to prevent implantation. 
C) causing spontaneous abortions. 
D) blocking progesterone receptors so that pregnancy cannot be maintained. 
E) binding to and inactivating any sperm that enter the oviduct. 
A) inhibiting the release of luteinizing hormone (LH),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
B) irritating the uterine lining so as to prevent implantation. 
C) causing spontaneous abortions. 
D) blocking progesterone receptors so that pregnancy cannot be maintained. 
E) binding to and inactivating any sperm that enter the oviduct.

Question 14

Figure 36.2
-In Figure 36.2,which number corresponds to the structure that is severed in a vasectomy?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 7 
C) 9 
D) 15 
E) 17 
A) 2 
B) 7 
C) 9 
D) 15 
E) 17

Question 15

The vertebrate nervous system develops from the

Accepted Answer

A) endoderm. 
B) mesoderm. 
C) ectoderm. 
A) endoderm. 
B) mesoderm. 
C) ectoderm.

Question 16

Of the following contraception methods,the highest risk of accidental pregnancy accompanies

Accepted Answer

A) the use of a diaphragm. 
B) the use of a condom. 
C) the practice of coitus interruptus. 
D) a verified vasectomy. 
E) the practice of the "rhythm method." 
A) the use of a diaphragm. 
B) the use of a condom. 
C) the practice of coitus interruptus. 
D) a verified vasectomy. 
E) the practice of the "rhythm method."

Question 17

-The lizard species A.uniparens experiences varying sexual reproductive behaviors depending on hormone levels.The data in Figure 36.b are shown for the brown lizard in the images.What can you conclude from the data in the figure regarding this process?

Accepted Answer

A) Female hormone levels and ovary size are positively correlated. 
B) Decreases in progesterone lead to "male-like" behaviors. 
C) Ovulation causes the gray lizard to change behavior. 
D) The brown lizard's behavior is consistent across hormone levels. 
A) Female hormone levels and ovary size are positively correlated. 
B) Decreases in progesterone lead to "male-like" behaviors. 
C) Ovulation causes the gray lizard to change behavior. 
D) The brown lizard's behavior is consistent across hormone levels.

Question 18

A reproductive difference between sea urchins and humans is that

Accepted Answer

A) the sea urchin egg completes meiosis prior to fertilization,but meiosis in humans is completed after fertilization. 
B) sea urchin eggs are produced by meiosis,but human eggs are produced by mitosis. 
C) sea urchin eggs and sperm are of equal size,but human eggs are much bigger than human sperm. 
D) sea urchins,but not humans,have a need to block polyspermy because only in sea urchins can there be more than one source of sperm to fertilize the eggs. 
E) sea urchin zygotes get their mitochondria from the sperm,but human zygotes get their mitochondria from the egg. 
A) the sea urchin egg completes meiosis prior to fertilization,but meiosis in humans is completed after fertilization. 
B) sea urchin eggs are produced by meiosis,but human eggs are produced by mitosis. 
C) sea urchin eggs and sperm are of equal size,but human eggs are much bigger than human sperm. 
D) sea urchins,but not humans,have a need to block polyspermy because only in sea urchins can there be more than one source of sperm to fertilize the eggs. 
E) sea urchin zygotes get their mitochondria from the sperm,but human zygotes get their mitochondria from the egg.

Question 19

Which of the following is not properly paired?

Accepted Answer

A) seminiferous tubule-cervix 
B) vas deferens-oviduct 
C) testosterone-estradiol 
D) scrotum-labia majora 
A) seminiferous tubule-cervix 
B) vas deferens-oviduct 
C) testosterone-estradiol 
D) scrotum-labia majora

Question 20

A well-used method to determine if a tarantula (a spider)is male or female is to look at the skin that the tarantula sheds.If the molt (shed skin)shows evidence of small organs that are used to store sperm,one can determine that the specimen is a female.This particular organ is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an ovary. 
B) an oviduct. 
C) a blastocoel. 
D) a blastospore. 
E) a spermatheca. 
A) an ovary. 
B) an oviduct. 
C) a blastocoel. 
D) a blastospore. 
E) a spermatheca.

Exam 36: Reproduction and Development

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

Like many other fishes,bluehead wrasses utilize harem mating as they reproduce sexually.However,unlike most fishes,

In sea urchins,the "fast block" and the longer-lasting "slow block" to polyspermy,respectively,are

During human gestation,rudiments of all organs develop

The formation of the fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of

The primary function of the corpus luteum is to

Among mammals,the male and female genital structures that consist mostly of erectile tissue include the

Fertilization of an egg without activation is most like

Figure 36.2 -In Figure 36.2,which number corresponds to the location where sperm mature?

At the time of implantation,the human embryo is called a

Evidence that parthenogenetic whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors includes

So-called "combination" birth control pills function in contraception by

Figure 36.2 -In Figure 36.2,which number corresponds to the structure that is severed in a vasectomy?

The vertebrate nervous system develops from the

Of the following contraception methods,the highest risk of accidental pregnancy accompanies

-The lizard species A.uniparens experiences varying sexual reproductive behaviors depending on hormone levels.The data in Figure 36.b are shown for the brown lizard in the images.What can you conclude from the data in the figure regarding this process?

A reproductive difference between sea urchins and humans is that

Which of the following is not properly paired?

A well-used method to determine if a tarantula (a spider)is male or female is to look at the skin that the tarantula sheds.If the molt (shed skin)shows evidence of small organs that are used to store sperm,one can determine that the specimen is a female.This particular organ is an example of

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters