Question 1

A reproductive hormone that is secreted directly from the hypothalamus is

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone. 
B) estradiol. 
C) progesterone. 
D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). 
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
A) testosterone. 
B) estradiol. 
C) progesterone. 
D) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). 
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 2

How do some coral reefs reproduce?

Accepted Answer

A) through asexual reproduction 
B) through sexual reproduction via male and female gametes from different coral "parents" 
C) through sexual reproduction via male and female gametes from the same coral "parent" 
A) through asexual reproduction 
B) through sexual reproduction via male and female gametes from different coral "parents" 
C) through sexual reproduction via male and female gametes from the same coral "parent"

Question 3

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)is

Accepted Answer

A) luteinizing hormone (LH). 
B) estradiol. 
C) progesterone. 
D) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). 
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
A) luteinizing hormone (LH). 
B) estradiol. 
C) progesterone. 
D) human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). 
E) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 4

External chemical signals that coordinate potential reproductive partners are called

Accepted Answer

A) hormones. 
B) gametes. 
C) pheromones. 
A) hormones. 
B) gametes. 
C) pheromones.

Question 5

The outer-to-inner sequence of tissue layers in a post-gastrulation vertebrate embryo is

Accepted Answer

A) mesoderm → ectoderm → endoderm. 
B) mesoderm → endoderm → ectoderm. 
C) ectoderm → mesoderm → endoderm. 
D) ectoderm → endoderm → mesoderm. 
E) endoderm → mesoderm → ectoderm. 
A) mesoderm → ectoderm → endoderm. 
B) mesoderm → endoderm → ectoderm. 
C) ectoderm → mesoderm → endoderm. 
D) ectoderm → endoderm → mesoderm. 
E) endoderm → mesoderm → ectoderm.

Question 6

An inactivating mutation in the progesterone receptor gene would likely result in

Accepted Answer

A) the absence of secondary sex characteristics. 
B) the absence of pituitary gonadotropin hormones. 
C) the inability of the uterus to support pregnancy. 
D) enlarged and hyperactive uterine endometrium. 
E) the absence of mammary gland development. 
A) the absence of secondary sex characteristics. 
B) the absence of pituitary gonadotropin hormones. 
C) the inability of the uterus to support pregnancy. 
D) enlarged and hyperactive uterine endometrium. 
E) the absence of mammary gland development.

Question 7

The moment of orgasm is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) the ovulation of the oocyte from the ovary. 
B) the release of sperm from the seminiferous tubules. 
C) rhythmic contraction of many parts of the reproductive system. 
D) increased synthesis and release of ovarian steroid hormones. 
E) increased synthesis and release of testicular steroid hormones. 
A) the ovulation of the oocyte from the ovary. 
B) the release of sperm from the seminiferous tubules. 
C) rhythmic contraction of many parts of the reproductive system. 
D) increased synthesis and release of ovarian steroid hormones. 
E) increased synthesis and release of testicular steroid hormones.

Question 8

Fusion of egg and sperm membranes triggers ________,which then blocks polyspermy.

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis 
B) membrane depolarization 
C) cleavage 
D) cortical reaction 
E) acrosomal reaction 
A) mitosis 
B) membrane depolarization 
C) cleavage 
D) cortical reaction 
E) acrosomal reaction

Question 9

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it

Accepted Answer

A) allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental conditions. 
B) enhances genetic variability in the species. 
C) enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species. 
D) produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens. 
E) allows a species to easily rid itself of harmful mutations. 
A) allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental conditions. 
B) enhances genetic variability in the species. 
C) enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species. 
D) produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens. 
E) allows a species to easily rid itself of harmful mutations.

Question 10

For normal human fertilization to occur,

Accepted Answer

A) many ova must be released. 
B) the uterus must be enlarged. 
C) only one sperm need penetrate one egg. 
D) secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)and luteinizing hormone (LH)must decrease. 
E) the secondary oocyte must implant in the uterus. 
A) many ova must be released. 
B) the uterus must be enlarged. 
C) only one sperm need penetrate one egg. 
D) secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)and luteinizing hormone (LH)must decrease. 
E) the secondary oocyte must implant in the uterus.

Question 11

The use of birth control pills (oral contraceptives)

Accepted Answer

A) reduces the incidence of ovulation. 
B) prevents fertilization by keeping the sperm and egg physically separated by a mechanical barrier. 
C) prevents implantation of an embryo. 
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra. 
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus. 
A) reduces the incidence of ovulation. 
B) prevents fertilization by keeping the sperm and egg physically separated by a mechanical barrier. 
C) prevents implantation of an embryo. 
D) prevents sperm from exiting the male urethra. 
E) prevents oocytes from entering the uterus.

Question 12

Two contraceptive methods that are generally irreversible and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are

Accepted Answer

A) the male condom and the female condom. 
B) the male condom and oral contraceptives. 
C) vasectomy and tubal ligation. 
D) coitus interruptus and the rhythm method. 
E) the diaphragm and the rhythm method. 
A) the male condom and the female condom. 
B) the male condom and oral contraceptives. 
C) vasectomy and tubal ligation. 
D) coitus interruptus and the rhythm method. 
E) the diaphragm and the rhythm method.

Question 13

The archenteron is an open space within the

Accepted Answer

A) blastula. 
B) gastrula. 
C) diploblast. 
D) triploblast. 
E) zygote. 
A) blastula. 
B) gastrula. 
C) diploblast. 
D) triploblast. 
E) zygote.

Question 14

Even in the absence of sperm,metabolic activity in an egg can be artificially activated by

Accepted Answer

A) abnormally high levels of carbonic acid in the cytosol. 
B) abnormally low levels of extracellular oxygen. 
C) injection of calcium ions into the cytosol. 
D) exposure to the low pH of the uterus. 
E) depletion of its ATP supplies. 
A) abnormally high levels of carbonic acid in the cytosol. 
B) abnormally low levels of extracellular oxygen. 
C) injection of calcium ions into the cytosol. 
D) exposure to the low pH of the uterus. 
E) depletion of its ATP supplies.

Question 15

The archenteron of the developing sea urchin eventually develops into the

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive organs. 
B) blastocoel. 
C) heart and lungs. 
D) digestive tract. 
E) brain and spinal cord. 
A) reproductive organs. 
B) blastocoel. 
C) heart and lungs. 
D) digestive tract. 
E) brain and spinal cord.

Question 16

Thalidomide,now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy,was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy.Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities,suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

Accepted Answer

A) early cleavage divisions. 
B) determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C) differentiation of bone tissue. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) organogenesis. 
A) early cleavage divisions. 
B) determination of the polarity of the zygote. 
C) differentiation of bone tissue. 
D) morphogenesis. 
E) organogenesis.

Question 17

At the time of fertilization,the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in

Accepted Answer

A) one secondary oocyte. 
B) two primary oocytes. 
C) four secondary oocytes. 
D) four primary oocytes. 
E) four zygotes. 
A) one secondary oocyte. 
B) two primary oocytes. 
C) four secondary oocytes. 
D) four primary oocytes. 
E) four zygotes.

Question 18

Low levels of ________ may indicate that a woman's ovaries are beginning to fail.

Accepted Answer

A) estradiol 
B) progesterone 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
D) luteinizing hormone (LH) 
A) estradiol 
B) progesterone 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
D) luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 19

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they

Accepted Answer

A) have the same number of chromosomes. 
B) are approximately the same size. 
C) each have a flagellum that provides motility. 
D) are produced from puberty until death. 
E) are formed before birth. 
A) have the same number of chromosomes. 
B) are approximately the same size. 
C) each have a flagellum that provides motility. 
D) are produced from puberty until death. 
E) are formed before birth.

Question 20

The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely

Accepted Answer

A) cause sterility because sperm would not be produced. 
B) cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body. 
C) greatly reduce the volume of semen. 
D) enhance the fertilization potency of sperm in the uterus. 
E) cause the testes to migrate back into the abdominal cavity. 
A) cause sterility because sperm would not be produced. 
B) cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body. 
C) greatly reduce the volume of semen. 
D) enhance the fertilization potency of sperm in the uterus. 
E) cause the testes to migrate back into the abdominal cavity.

Exam 36: Reproduction and Development

A reproductive hormone that is secreted directly from the hypothalamus is

How do some coral reefs reproduce?

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)is

External chemical signals that coordinate potential reproductive partners are called

The outer-to-inner sequence of tissue layers in a post-gastrulation vertebrate embryo is

An inactivating mutation in the progesterone receptor gene would likely result in

The moment of orgasm is characterized by

Fusion of egg and sperm membranes triggers ________,which then blocks polyspermy.

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it

For normal human fertilization to occur,

The use of birth control pills (oral contraceptives)

Two contraceptive methods that are generally irreversible and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are

The archenteron is an open space within the

Even in the absence of sperm,metabolic activity in an egg can be artificially activated by

The archenteron of the developing sea urchin eventually develops into the

Thalidomide,now banned for use as a sedative in pregnancy,was used in the early 1960s by many women in their first trimester of pregnancy.Some of these women gave birth to children with arm and leg deformities,suggesting that the drug most likely influenced

At the time of fertilization,the complete maturation of each oogonium has resulted in

Low levels of ________ may indicate that a woman's ovaries are beginning to fail.

Mature human sperm and ova are similar in that they

The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters