Question 1

A male's "primary" sex characteristics include

Accepted Answer

A) deepening of the voice at puberty. 
B) embryonic differentiation of the seminal vesicles. 
C) growth of skeletal muscle. 
D) elongation of the skeleton prior to puberty. 
E) onset of growth of facial hair at puberty. 
A) deepening of the voice at puberty. 
B) embryonic differentiation of the seminal vesicles. 
C) growth of skeletal muscle. 
D) elongation of the skeleton prior to puberty. 
E) onset of growth of facial hair at puberty.

Question 2

Which of the following patterns of reproduction are found only among invertebrate animals?

Accepted Answer

A) sexual and asexual reproduction 
B) external and internal fertilization 
C) hermaphroditism and parthenogenesis 
D) fission and budding 
A) sexual and asexual reproduction 
B) external and internal fertilization 
C) hermaphroditism and parthenogenesis 
D) fission and budding

Question 3

Assume that successful reproduction in a rare salamander species,wherein all individuals are females,relies on those females having access to sperm from males of another species but that the resulting embryos show no signs of a genetic contribution from the sperm.In this case,the sperm appear to be used only for

Accepted Answer

A) morphogenesis. 
B) epigenesis. 
C) egg activation. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) the creation of a diploid cell. 
A) morphogenesis. 
B) epigenesis. 
C) egg activation. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) the creation of a diploid cell.

Question 4

Imagine a woman is in the final week of her pregnancy.Her doctor gives her an injection of oxytocin.The likely result of this is that the pregnant woman would

Accepted Answer

A) undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells. 
B) stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta. 
C) undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles. 
D) increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone. 
E) be prevented from beginning lactation. 
A) undergo the loss of oxytocin receptors from her uterine smooth muscle cells. 
B) stop secreting prostaglandins from the placenta. 
C) undergo vigorous contractions of her uterine muscles. 
D) increase the synthesis and secretion of progesterone. 
E) be prevented from beginning lactation.

Question 5

Among nonmammalian vertebrates,the cloaca is an anatomical structure that functions as a

Accepted Answer

A) specialized sperm-transfer device produced only by males. 
B) shared pathway for the digestive,excretory,and reproductive systems. 
C) region bordered by the labia minora and clitoris in females. 
D) source of nutrients for developing sperm in the testes. 
E) gland that secretes mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening. 
A) specialized sperm-transfer device produced only by males. 
B) shared pathway for the digestive,excretory,and reproductive systems. 
C) region bordered by the labia minora and clitoris in females. 
D) source of nutrients for developing sperm in the testes. 
E) gland that secretes mucus to lubricate the vaginal opening.

Question 6

For the 10 days following ovulation in a nonpregnant menstrual cycle,the corpus luteum is the main source of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone 
B) progesterone 
C) LH 
D) FSH 
A) testosterone 
B) progesterone 
C) LH 
D) FSH

Question 7

The spermathecae is used by what kind of species for sperm storage?

Accepted Answer

A) male mammals 
B) female birds 
C) male crustaceans 
D) female insects 
A) male mammals 
B) female birds 
C) male crustaceans 
D) female insects

Question 8

Use the information below to answer the following questions.
Normally the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene,and the X chromosomes lacks the SRY gene.The SRY gene directs the development of adult male characteristics such as a penis and testes,deeper voice,facial hair,and larger muscles.However,during meiosis,chromosomes exchange genetic material with one another through a process called homologous recombination.One outcome of homologous recombination is for an X chromosome to gain the SRY gene (referred to as X(SRY+)).Conversely,through the same process,it is possible for the Y chromosome to lose the SRY gene (referred to as Y(SRY-)).
-What biological (chromosomal)gender and adult human characteristics would a zygote having an XX(SRY+)genotype have?

Accepted Answer

A) male biological gender with male adult characteristics 
B) female biological gender with female adult characteristics 
C) male biological gender with female adult characteristics 
D) female biological gender with male adult characteristics 
A) male biological gender with male adult characteristics 
B) female biological gender with female adult characteristics 
C) male biological gender with female adult characteristics 
D) female biological gender with male adult characteristics

Question 9

Fertilization normally

Accepted Answer

A) reinstates diploidy. 
B) follows gastrulation. 
C) merges two diploid cells into one haploid cell. 
D) precedes ovulation. 
A) reinstates diploidy. 
B) follows gastrulation. 
C) merges two diploid cells into one haploid cell. 
D) precedes ovulation.

Question 10

A colony of a new species of bees is examined,and they are all determined to be genetically identical females.What reproductive process could have led to this result?

Accepted Answer

A) sexual reproduction 
B) parthenogenesis 
C) fission 
D) budding 
A) sexual reproduction 
B) parthenogenesis 
C) fission 
D) budding

Question 11

During the early part of the cleavage stage in many animal species,the rapidly developing cells skip

Accepted Answer

A) the mitosis phase of the cell cycle. 
B) the S phase of the cell cycle. 
C) the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle. 
D) the cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle. 
A) the mitosis phase of the cell cycle. 
B) the S phase of the cell cycle. 
C) the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle. 
D) the cytokinesis phase of the cell cycle.

Question 12

From earliest to latest,the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Accepted Answer

A) gastrulation → organogenesis → cleavage 
B) ovulation → gastrulation → fertilization 
C) cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis 
D) gastrulation → morphogenesis → ovulation 
E) organogenesis → morphogenesis → cleavage 
A) gastrulation → organogenesis → cleavage 
B) ovulation → gastrulation → fertilization 
C) cleavage → gastrulation → organogenesis 
D) gastrulation → morphogenesis → ovulation 
E) organogenesis → morphogenesis → cleavage

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) All mammals have menstrual cycles. 
B) The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. 
C) Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles. 
D) Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles. 
A) All mammals have menstrual cycles. 
B) The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. 
C) Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles. 
D) Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles.

Question 14

Figure 36.2
-What would be the effect if structure 6 in Figure 36.2 was surgically removed?

Accepted Answer

A) Sperm would not be produced. 
B) The male sexual response would not occur. 
C) Ejaculations would not occur. 
D) Clear mucus would not be present in the semen. 
A) Sperm would not be produced. 
B) The male sexual response would not occur. 
C) Ejaculations would not occur. 
D) Clear mucus would not be present in the semen.

Question 15

Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally do so by

Accepted Answer

A) increasing organisms' body temperature. 
B) providing access to water for external fertilization. 
C) increasing the ambient temperature to that which is comfortable for sexual reproduction. 
D) causing direct effects on gonadal structures. 
E) causing direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms. 
A) increasing organisms' body temperature. 
B) providing access to water for external fertilization. 
C) increasing the ambient temperature to that which is comfortable for sexual reproduction. 
D) causing direct effects on gonadal structures. 
E) causing direct effects on hormonal control mechanisms.

Question 16

For lactation to take place,the synthesis of breast milk and its release from the mammary gland,respectively,are caused by

Accepted Answer

A) testosterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 
B) estrogen and progesterone. 
C) cortisol and testosterone. 
D) prolactin and oxytocin. 
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). 
A) testosterone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). 
B) estrogen and progesterone. 
C) cortisol and testosterone. 
D) prolactin and oxytocin. 
E) luteinizing hormone (LH)and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Question 17

Among human males,both semen and urine normally travel along the

Accepted Answer

A) vas deferens. 
B) urinary bladder. 
C) seminal vesicle. 
D) urethra. 
E) ureter. 
A) vas deferens. 
B) urinary bladder. 
C) seminal vesicle. 
D) urethra. 
E) ureter.

Question 18

Human trophoblasts

Accepted Answer

A) form the inner cell mass. 
B) form from ectoderm. 
C) are the precursors of the mesoderm. 
D) are of embryonic origin and function in embryo nutrition. 
E) are of maternal origin and function in embryo gas exchange. 
A) form the inner cell mass. 
B) form from ectoderm. 
C) are the precursors of the mesoderm. 
D) are of embryonic origin and function in embryo nutrition. 
E) are of maternal origin and function in embryo gas exchange.

Question 19

Below are four factors that may be important for an animal to reproduce.Which factor(s)are required by animals that reproduce using internal fertilization?
I.cooperative copulatory behavior
II.compatible reproductive systems
III.a moist environment for spawning
IV.sperm

Accepted Answer

A) IV only 
B) I and II only 
C) II,III,and IV only 
D) I,II,and IV only 
A) IV only 
B) I and II only 
C) II,III,and IV only 
D) I,II,and IV only

Question 20

Use the information below to answer the following questions.
Normally the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene,and the X chromosomes lacks the SRY gene.The SRY gene directs the development of adult male characteristics such as a penis and testes,deeper voice,facial hair,and larger muscles.However,during meiosis,chromosomes exchange genetic material with one another through a process called homologous recombination.One outcome of homologous recombination is for an X chromosome to gain the SRY gene (referred to as X(SRY+)).Conversely,through the same process,it is possible for the Y chromosome to lose the SRY gene (referred to as Y(SRY-)).
-What biological (chromosomal)gender and adult human characteristics would a zygote having an XX genotype have,assuming the recombination event described did not take place?

Accepted Answer

A) male biological gender with male adult characteristics 
B) female biological gender with female adult characteristics 
C) male biological gender with female adult characteristics 
D) female biological gender with male adult characteristics 
A) male biological gender with male adult characteristics 
B) female biological gender with female adult characteristics 
C) male biological gender with female adult characteristics 
D) female biological gender with male adult characteristics

Exam 36: Reproduction and Development

A male's "primary" sex characteristics include

Which of the following patterns of reproduction are found only among invertebrate animals?

Imagine a woman is in the final week of her pregnancy.Her doctor gives her an injection of oxytocin.The likely result of this is that the pregnant woman would

Among nonmammalian vertebrates,the cloaca is an anatomical structure that functions as a

For the 10 days following ovulation in a nonpregnant menstrual cycle,the corpus luteum is the main source of which hormone?

The spermathecae is used by what kind of species for sperm storage?

Fertilization normally

A colony of a new species of bees is examined,and they are all determined to be genetically identical females.What reproductive process could have led to this result?

During the early part of the cleavage stage in many animal species,the rapidly developing cells skip

From earliest to latest,the overall sequence of early development proceeds in which of the following sequences?

Which of the following statements is true?

Figure 36.2 -What would be the effect if structure 6 in Figure 36.2 was surgically removed?

Environmental cues that influence the timing of reproduction generally do so by

For lactation to take place,the synthesis of breast milk and its release from the mammary gland,respectively,are caused by

Among human males,both semen and urine normally travel along the

Human trophoblasts

Below are four factors that may be important for an animal to reproduce.Which factor(s)are required by animals that reproduce using internal fertilization? I.cooperative copulatory behavior II.compatible reproductive systems III.a moist environment for spawning IV.sperm

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters