Question 1

At the end of a nonpregnant ovarian cycle,the breakdown and discharge of the soft uterine tissues are called

Accepted Answer

A) menstruation. 
B) lactation. 
C) fertilization. 
D) menopause. 
E) ovulation. 
A) menstruation. 
B) lactation. 
C) fertilization. 
D) menopause. 
E) ovulation. A

Question 2

In vertebrate animals,spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that

Accepted Answer

A) oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity,whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development. 
B) oogenesis produces four haploid cells,whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. 
C) cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis,whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. 
D) oogenesis ends at menopause,whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. 
E) spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs,but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born. 
A) oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity,whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development. 
B) oogenesis produces four haploid cells,whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. 
C) cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis,whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. 
D) oogenesis ends at menopause,whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. 
E) spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs,but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born. C

Question 3

Use the information below to answer the following questions.
Normally the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene,and the X chromosomes lacks the SRY gene.The SRY gene directs the development of adult male characteristics such as a penis and testes,deeper voice,facial hair,and larger muscles.However,during meiosis,chromosomes exchange genetic material with one another through a process called homologous recombination.One outcome of homologous recombination is for an X chromosome to gain the SRY gene (referred to as X(SRY+)).Conversely,through the same process,it is possible for the Y chromosome to lose the SRY gene (referred to as Y(SRY-)).
-What biological (chromosomal)gender and adult human characteristics would a zygote having an XY genotype have?

Accepted Answer

A) male biological gender with male adult characteristics 
B) female biological gender with female adult characteristics 
C) male biological gender with female adult characteristics 
D) female biological gender with male adult characteristics 
A) male biological gender with male adult characteristics 
B) female biological gender with female adult characteristics 
C) male biological gender with female adult characteristics 
D) female biological gender with male adult characteristics A

Question 4

Changes in both cell shape and cell position occur extensively during

Accepted Answer

A) gastrulation,but not organogenesis or cleavage. 
B) organogenesis,but not gastrulation or cleavage. 
C) cleavage,but not gastrulation or organogenesis. 
D) gastrulation and organogenesis,but not cleavage. 
E) gastrulation,organogenesis,and cleavage. 
A) gastrulation,but not organogenesis or cleavage. 
B) organogenesis,but not gastrulation or cleavage. 
C) cleavage,but not gastrulation or organogenesis. 
D) gastrulation and organogenesis,but not cleavage. 
E) gastrulation,organogenesis,and cleavage.

Question 5

If a man is born with a blockage in his vas deferens,he may experience

Accepted Answer

A) low testosterone production. 
B) low sperm count. 
C) high testosterone production. 
D) high sperm count. 
A) low testosterone production. 
B) low sperm count. 
C) high testosterone production. 
D) high sperm count.

Question 6

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

Accepted Answer

A) the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed,whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body. 
B) behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C) season and climate have less-pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D) copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle,whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E) most estrous cycles are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles. 
A) the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed,whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body. 
B) behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C) season and climate have less-pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D) copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle,whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E) most estrous cycles are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles.

Question 7

For which is the number the same in males and females?

Accepted Answer

A) interruptions in meiotic divisions 
B) functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C) meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D) different cell types produced by meiosis 
A) interruptions in meiotic divisions 
B) functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C) meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D) different cell types produced by meiosis

Question 8

In humans,the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become

Accepted Answer

A) the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses. 
B) a steroid-hormone-synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum. 
C) the thickened portion of the uterine wall. 
D) swept into the fallopian tube. 
E) the placenta,which secretes cervical mucus. 
A) the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses. 
B) a steroid-hormone-synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum. 
C) the thickened portion of the uterine wall. 
D) swept into the fallopian tube. 
E) the placenta,which secretes cervical mucus.

Question 9

Menopause is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) reduced synthesis of ovarian steroids despite high levels of gonadotropin hormones. 
B) a decline in production of the gonadotropin hormones by the anterior pituitary gland. 
C) wearing away of the uterine endometrium. 
D) an increase in the blood supply to the ovaries. 
E) a halt in the synthesis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the brain. 
A) reduced synthesis of ovarian steroids despite high levels of gonadotropin hormones. 
B) a decline in production of the gonadotropin hormones by the anterior pituitary gland. 
C) wearing away of the uterine endometrium. 
D) an increase in the blood supply to the ovaries. 
E) a halt in the synthesis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the brain.

Question 10

Which statement about human reproduction is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Fertilization occurs in the oviduct. 
B) Spermatogenesis and oogenesis require different temperatures. 
C) An oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it. 
D) The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. 
A) Fertilization occurs in the oviduct. 
B) Spermatogenesis and oogenesis require different temperatures. 
C) An oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it. 
D) The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

Question 11

Figure 36.3
According to Figure 36.3,what is a likely consequence if one or both negative feedback loops do not function properly?

Accepted Answer

A) Androgen levels will not be maintained at optimal levels. 
B) Estrogen levels will not be maintained at optimal levels. 
C) Oogenesis will not occur as frequently. 
D) Mammalian reproduction will cease. 
A) Androgen levels will not be maintained at optimal levels. 
B) Estrogen levels will not be maintained at optimal levels. 
C) Oogenesis will not occur as frequently. 
D) Mammalian reproduction will cease.

Question 12

What is a possible outcome of oligo-ovulation,a condition in which a woman has infrequent or irregular menstrual cycles?

Accepted Answer

A) Ovulation does not occur on a regular basis. 
B) Menopause does not occur. 
C) Spermatogenesis is not able to occur. 
D) The hypothalamus becomes inhibited by high levels of estradiol. 
A) Ovulation does not occur on a regular basis. 
B) Menopause does not occur. 
C) Spermatogenesis is not able to occur. 
D) The hypothalamus becomes inhibited by high levels of estradiol.

Question 13

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Accepted Answer

A) the formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) the production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
D) the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. 
A) the formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B) the production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C) the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
D) the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.

Question 14

If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin,then

Accepted Answer

A) cleavage would not occur in the zygote. 
B) embryonic germ layers would not form. 
C) fertilization would be blocked. 
D) the blastula would not be formed. 
E) internal fertilization could not occur. 
A) cleavage would not occur in the zygote. 
B) embryonic germ layers would not form. 
C) fertilization would be blocked. 
D) the blastula would not be formed. 
E) internal fertilization could not occur.

Question 15

A primary response in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of the hormone testosterone.What cell type produces testosterone?

Accepted Answer

A) Sertoli cells 
B) Leydig cells 
C) sperm cells 
A) Sertoli cells 
B) Leydig cells 
C) sperm cells

Question 16

Sexual reproduction

Accepted Answer

A) allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions. 
B) can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment. 
C) yields more numerous offspring more rapidly than is possible with asexual reproduction. 
D) enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing habitats. 
E) guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring. 
A) allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions. 
B) can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment. 
C) yields more numerous offspring more rapidly than is possible with asexual reproduction. 
D) enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing habitats. 
E) guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring.

Question 17

Figure 36.2
-In spermatogenesis,stem cells that eventually produce sperm are located near the outer edge of what location in Figure 36.2?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 9 
C) 12 
D) 13 
A) 2 
B) 9 
C) 12 
D) 13

Question 18

Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when

Accepted Answer

A) pathogens are rapidly diversifying. 
B) a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations. 
C) there is some potential for rapid overpopulation. 
D) a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings. 
E) a species is in stable and favorable environments. 
A) pathogens are rapidly diversifying. 
B) a species has accumulated numerous deleterious mutations. 
C) there is some potential for rapid overpopulation. 
D) a species is expanding into diverse geographic settings. 
E) a species is in stable and favorable environments.

Question 19

In correct chronological order,the three phases of the human uterine cycle are

Accepted Answer

A) menstrual → ovulation → luteal. 
B) follicular → luteal → secretory. 
C) menstrual → proliferative → secretory. 
D) follicular → ovulation → luteal. 
E) proliferative → luteal → ovulation. 
A) menstrual → ovulation → luteal. 
B) follicular → luteal → secretory. 
C) menstrual → proliferative → secretory. 
D) follicular → ovulation → luteal. 
E) proliferative → luteal → ovulation.

Question 20

As an embryo develops,new cells are produced as the result of

Accepted Answer

A) differentiation. 
B) cell division. 
C) morphogenesis. 
A) differentiation. 
B) cell division. 
C) morphogenesis.

Exam 36: Reproduction and Development

At the end of a nonpregnant ovarian cycle,the breakdown and discharge of the soft uterine tissues are called

In vertebrate animals,spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that

Changes in both cell shape and cell position occur extensively during

If a man is born with a blockage in his vas deferens,he may experience

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

For which is the number the same in males and females?

In humans,the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become

Menopause is characterized by

Which statement about human reproduction is false?

Figure 36.3 According to Figure 36.3,what is a likely consequence if one or both negative feedback loops do not function properly?

What is a possible outcome of oligo-ovulation,a condition in which a woman has infrequent or irregular menstrual cycles?

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

If gastrulation was blocked by an environmental toxin,then

A primary response in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of the hormone testosterone.What cell type produces testosterone?

Sexual reproduction

Figure 36.2 -In spermatogenesis,stem cells that eventually produce sperm are located near the outer edge of what location in Figure 36.2?

Asexual reproduction results in greater reproductive success than does sexual reproduction when

In correct chronological order,the three phases of the human uterine cycle are

As an embryo develops,new cells are produced as the result of

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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