Question 1

About more ATPs can be obtained from one 16:0 fatty acid than from one glucose molecule.

Accepted Answer

A)  32 
B)  106 
C)  2 
D)  75 
A)  32 
B)  106 
C)  2 
D)  75

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for assembly of palmitate from activated acetyl-CoA fragments?

Accepted Answer

A)  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
B)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 
D)  fatty acid synthase 
A)  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
B)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 
D)  fatty acid synthase

Question 3

Which is found in the ketone body pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  succinyl-CoA. 
B)  propionyl-CoA. 
C)  dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 
D)  hydroxybutyrate. 
A)  succinyl-CoA. 
B)  propionyl-CoA. 
C)  dihydroxyacetone phosphate. 
D)  hydroxybutyrate.

Question 4

The sterol regulatory element (SRE) is a(n) and the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) is a(n) _.

Accepted Answer

A)  allosteric activator; enzyme 
B)  transport activator; transport protein 
C)  receptor; hormone 
D)  DNA promoter; transcription activator 
A)  allosteric activator; enzyme 
B)  transport activator; transport protein 
C)  receptor; hormone 
D)  DNA promoter; transcription activator

Question 5

How many high-energy FADH2 and NADH molecules, respectively, are made from each pass through the $\beta$-oxidation pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 FADH2; 2 NADH 
B)  1 FADH2; 0 NADH 
C)  0 FADH2; 2 NADH 
D)  1 FADH2; 1 NADH 
A)  1 FADH2; 2 NADH 
B)  1 FADH2; 0 NADH 
C)  0 FADH2; 2 NADH 
D)  1 FADH2; 1 NADH

Question 6

The rate-limiting reaction is catalyzed by in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids in the .

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid synthase; cytosol 
B)  fatty acid synthase; mitochondrion 
C)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase; cytosol 
D)  citrate synthase; mitochondrion 
A)  fatty acid synthase; cytosol 
B)  fatty acid synthase; mitochondrion 
C)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase; cytosol 
D)  citrate synthase; mitochondrion

Question 7

The synthesis of fatty acids requires which cofactor?

Accepted Answer

A)  FADH2 
B)  NADH 
C)  thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) 
D)  NADPH 
A)  FADH2 
B)  NADH 
C)  thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) 
D)  NADPH

Question 8

What molecule is the odd chain fatty acid product propionyl-CoA converted into?

Accepted Answer

A)  butyryl-CoA 
B)  succinyl-CoA 
C)  citrate 
D)  palmitate 
A)  butyryl-CoA 
B)  succinyl-CoA 
C)  citrate 
D)  palmitate

Question 9

What enzyme catalyzes the following fatty acid synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acid synthase 
B)  fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 
C)  fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
D)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
A)  fatty acid synthase 
B)  fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 
C)  fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 
D)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase

Question 10

Name the enzyme in the following reaction:

Accepted Answer

Phosphatid

Question 11

Both the synthesis and $\beta$-oxidation of saturated fatty acids

Accepted Answer

A)  require FAD. 
B)  require NADPH. 
C)  occur in the cytosol. 
D)  involve acetyl-CoA. 
A)  require FAD. 
B)  require NADPH. 
C)  occur in the cytosol. 
D)  involve acetyl-CoA.

Question 12

The NADPH required by the fatty acid synthesis pathway comes from the

Accepted Answer

A)  pentose phosphate pathway and the shuttle of citrate from the mitochondria. 
B)  mitochondria. 
C)  breakdown of glucose. 
D)  TCA cycle and the shuttle of citrate from the mitochondria. 
A)  pentose phosphate pathway and the shuttle of citrate from the mitochondria. 
B)  mitochondria. 
C)  breakdown of glucose. 
D)  TCA cycle and the shuttle of citrate from the mitochondria.

Question 13

The regulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is

Accepted Answer

A)  activated by glucagon. 
B)  activated by acyl-CoA binding. 
C)  stimulated by citrate. 
D)  inactivated by insulin. 
A)  activated by glucagon. 
B)  activated by acyl-CoA binding. 
C)  stimulated by citrate. 
D)  inactivated by insulin.

Question 14

In the fatty acid synthesis pathway, how many ATPs and NADPHs are needed to add two carbons to the growing fatty acid chain starting with an acetyl-CoA?

Accepted Answer

One ATP to activate

Question 15

As in glycolysis and the degradation of glucose, the degradation of fatty acids also requires an initial investment of ATP energy. State the reaction or reactions where ATP energy is needed before fatty acids can be oxidized.

Accepted Answer

The enzyme fatty acyl-CoA synt

Question 16

How many total NADH + FADH2s are made in the $\beta$-oxidation pathway from the breakdown of the following fatty acid to all acetyl-CoAs?

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  4 
D)  2 
A)  6 
B)  8 
C)  4 
D)  2

Question 17

The introduction of 1 4CO2 into a cell actively synthesizing fatty acids results in 1 4C labeled

Accepted Answer

A)  malonyl-CoA. 
B)  acetyl-CoA. 
C)  acyl-CoA. 
D)  palmitate. 
A)  malonyl-CoA. 
B)  acetyl-CoA. 
C)  acyl-CoA. 
D)  palmitate.

Question 18

Draw the overall balanced reaction for the synthesis of palmitic acid (16:0) from acetyl-CoA precursors. Please include all the high-energy cofactors required for the process.

Accepted Answer

8 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP + 14 NADP

Question 19

The synthesis of both triacylglycerols and membrane phospholipids occurs from which immediate precursor?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphatidic acid 
B)  glycerol 
C)  phosphatidylserine 
D)  diacylglycerol 
A)  phosphatidic acid 
B)  glycerol 
C)  phosphatidylserine 
D)  diacylglycerol

Question 20

What extra enzyme types are often required in the degradation of polyunsaturated fats by the $\beta$-oxidation pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  reductase and isomerase 
B)  hydrolase and isomerase 
C)  oxidoreductase and reductase 
D)  synthase and isomerase 
A)  reductase and isomerase 
B)  hydrolase and isomerase 
C)  oxidoreductase and reductase 
D)  synthase and isomerase

Exam 16: Lipid Metabolism

About more ATPs can be obtained from one 16:0 fatty acid than from one glucose molecule.

Which enzyme is responsible for assembly of palmitate from activated acetyl-CoA fragments?

Which is found in the ketone body pathway?

The sterol regulatory element (SRE) is a(n) and the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) is a(n) _.

How many high-energy FADH2 and NADH molecules, respectively, are made from each pass through the β\betaβ -oxidation pathway?

The rate-limiting reaction is catalyzed by in the synthesis of saturated fatty acids in the .

The synthesis of fatty acids requires which cofactor?

What molecule is the odd chain fatty acid product propionyl-CoA converted into?

What enzyme catalyzes the following fatty acid synthesis reaction?

Name the enzyme in the following reaction:

Both the synthesis and β\betaβ -oxidation of saturated fatty acids

The NADPH required by the fatty acid synthesis pathway comes from the

The regulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is

In the fatty acid synthesis pathway, how many ATPs and NADPHs are needed to add two carbons to the growing fatty acid chain starting with an acetyl-CoA?

As in glycolysis and the degradation of glucose, the degradation of fatty acids also requires an initial investment of ATP energy. State the reaction or reactions where ATP energy is needed before fatty acids can be oxidized.

How many total NADH + FADH2s are made in the β\betaβ -oxidation pathway from the breakdown of the following fatty acid to all acetyl-CoAs?

The introduction of 1 4CO2 into a cell actively synthesizing fatty acids results in 1 4C labeled

Draw the overall balanced reaction for the synthesis of palmitic acid (16:0) from acetyl-CoA precursors. Please include all the high-energy cofactors required for the process.

The synthesis of both triacylglycerols and membrane phospholipids occurs from which immediate precursor?

What extra enzyme types are often required in the degradation of polyunsaturated fats by the β\betaβ -oxidation pathway?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

How many high-energy FADH₂ and NADH molecules, respectively, are made from each pass through the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway?

Both the synthesis and $\beta$ -oxidation of saturated fatty acids

How many total NADH + FADH₂s are made in the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway from the breakdown of the following fatty acid to all acetyl-CoAs? $How many total NADH + FADH<sub>2</sub>s are made in the \beta -oxidation pathway from the breakdown of the following fatty acid to all acetyl-CoAs?$

The introduction of ^{1 4}CO₂ into a cell actively synthesizing fatty acids results in ^{1 4}C labeled

What extra enzyme types are often required in the degradation of polyunsaturated fats by the $\beta$ -oxidation pathway?